生化词汇英译汉.doc

Aabsolute specificity绝对特异性absorbance，A吸光率abzyme抗体酶acceptor接受体3acceptor stem氨基酸接纳茎acetoacetate乙酰乙酸acetone丙酮acetyl CoA carboxylase乙酰CoA羧化酶acetylase乙酰基转移酶acidic activation domain酸性激活域acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome，AIDS艾滋病activation domain，AD活性区activation energy活化能activation function激活功能activator激活蛋白activator激活剂active center活性中心active site活性部位activin活化素acute phase protein APP急性时相蛋白质acute phase reactant APR急性时相反应物acyl carnitine脂酰肉碱acyl carrier protein, ACP酰基载体蛋白acyl CoA transferase脂酰CoA转移酶acyl-CoA synthetase脂酰CoA合成酶adaptor结合体adaptor protein连接物蛋白adenine nucleotide transporter腺苷酸转运蛋白adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, APRT次黄嘌呤核苷酸转移酶adenine，A腺嘌呤adeno-associated virus, AAV腺病毒相关病毒adenosine腺苷adenosine deaminase，ADA腺苷脱氨酶adeno-virus, AV腺病毒adenyl cyclase，adenylate cyclase,AC腺苷酸环化酶aerobic oxidation有氧氧化aggrecan蛋白聚糖聚合物ALA synthaseALA合酶alanine-glucose cycle丙氨酸葡萄糖循环albinism白化病albumin清蛋白alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH醇脱氢酶aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH醛脱氢酶aldolase醛缩酶a-linolenic acid-亚麻酸allele-specific ologonucleotide，ASO等位基因特异寡核苷酸allopurinol 别嘌呤醇allosteric activator变构激活剂allosteric effect变构效应allosteric effector变构效应剂allosteric enzyme变构酶allosteric inhibitor变构抑制剂allosteric regulation变构调节allosteric site变构部位alpha complementationa互补amanitin鹅膏蕈碱amine oxidase胺氧化酶amino acid氨基酸amino acid sequence氨基酸序列amino terminal氨基末端aminoacyl site氨基酰位aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨基酰-tRNA合成酶aminopeptidase氨肽酶,氨基肽酶aminotransferase氨基转移酶amobarbital异戊巴比妥amphipathichelix双性-螺旋angiotensin II血管紧张素IIankynin锚蛋白anminopterin氨喋呤anneal，annealing退火anticodon反密码子antigene strategy反基因策略antimycin A抗霉素Aantioligonucleotide反义寡核苷酸apolipoprotein, apo载脂蛋白apoptosis凋亡apparent Km表观Km值apurinic/apyuimidinic acids，AP无嘌呤/嘧啶核苷酸arachidonic acid花生四烯酸arrestin阻碍蛋白arrionatriuretic peptide, ANP心钠素ascorbic acidL-抗坏血酸asparagine天冬酰胺asymmetric transcription不对称转录AT rich 富含ATa-tocophenol equivalents, a-TEa-生育酚当量ATP synthaseATP合酶ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1ATP结合盒转运蛋白AIattenuation衰减attenuator衰减子attenuator region衰减区域autocatalysis自身激活作用autocrine自分泌autocrine signal自分泌信号autonomous replication sequence,ARS自主复制序列autophosphorylation 自身磷酸化azoreductase偶氮还原酶类azoreductase偶氮还原酶类BB SalmonellaB沙门氏菌bacillus amyloliguefaciens粉液化芽苞杆菌bait诱饵base碱基base pairs, bp碱基对basic helix-loop-helix碱性螺旋-环-螺旋basic leucine zipper碱性亮氨酸拉链baxal lamina基膜b-caroteneb-胡萝卜素bidirectional replication双向复制bile胆汁bile acids胆汁酸bile pigment胆色素bile salts胆盐bilin胆素bilinogen胆素原bilinogen enterohepatic circulation,enterohepatic circulation胆素原肠肝循环bilirubin胆红素bilirubin encephalopathy胆红素脑病bilirubin glucuronide葡糖醛酸胆红素biliverdin胆绿素biliverdin reductase胆绿素还原酶binding domain，BD结合区binding group结合基团biocatalyst生物催化剂biochemistry生物化学biocytin生物胞素bioinformatics生物信息学biological oxidation生物氧化biomacromolecule生物大分子biotin生物素biotransformation生物转化biuret reaction 双缩脲反应blood血液blood urea nitrogen, BUN血尿素氮Blotting印迹技术blunt end钝性未端bone morphogenetic protein，BMPs骨形态发生蛋白bot blotting斑点印迹bradykinin缓激肽branch migration分支移动branching enzyme，glycogenolysis糖原分解British anti-Lewisite,proteosome， BAL二巯基丙醇Ccalcium phosphate transfection磷酸钙转染Calmodulin钙调素calmodulin CaM钙调蛋白cAMP response elementcAMP应答元件cAMP response element binding protein， CREBcAMP应答元件结合蛋白cAMP-dependent protein kinasecAMP依赖蛋白激酶Cancer Genome Anatomy Project肿瘤基因组解剖工程cancer suppressive gene,anti-oncogene抑癌基因cap binding proteins，CBPs帽结合蛋白cap sequence帽结构carbamoyl phosphate synthetase , CPS-氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶carbanion负碳离子carboxyl terminal羧基末端carboxyl terminal domain, CTD羧基末端结构域carboxypeptidase A羧基肽酶Acarcinogen致癌物cardiolipin心磷脂carnitine肉碱carnitine acyl transferase I肉碱脂酰转移酶Icarnitine-acylcarnitine translocase 肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶carrier protein 载体蛋白cascade system级联系统catabolic repression分解代谢阻遏catabolite gene activation protein, CAP分解物基因激活蛋白catalase，peroxidase过氧化氢酶catalytic group催化基团catalytic receptor催化型受体catalytic RNA催化性RNAcatecholamine儿茶酚胺cathepsin组织蛋白酶cDNA chipcDNA芯片cDNA librarycDNA文库cell cycle细胞周期cell specificity细胞特异性cellular-oncogene，c-onc细胞癌基因centimorgen, cM厘摩centrolobular zone小叶中心带centromer中心体ceramideN-脂酰鞘氨醇chaperon，molecular chaperon分子伴侣chaperonins伴侣素check point检查点chemical modification化学修饰chemiosmotic hypothesis化学渗透假说chenodeoxycholic acid鹅脱氧胆酸chole胆酸cholecalciferol胆钙化醇cholesterol胆固醇cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase胆固醇7a-羟化酶cholesterol-efflux regulatory protein, CERP胆固醇流出调节蛋白cholesteryl esterase胆固醇酯酶cholic acid胆酸choline胆碱choline esterase胆碱酯酶chordroitin sulfates硫酸软骨素类chromatin染色质chromatography层析chromosomal abnormality染色体畸形chromosome染色体chromosome walking染色体步移chymotrypsin靡蛋白circular dichroism，CD圆二色光谱cis顺式cis-acting element顺式作用元件cistron顺反子citrate柠檬酸citrate lyase柠檬酸裂合酶citrate pyruvate cycle柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环citrate synthase柠檬酸合酶clone克隆cloning克隆化cloning vector克隆载体cloverleaf pattern三叶草形cobalamin钴胺素coding strand编码链codon密码子coenzyme辅酶coenzyme Q，CoQ辅酶Qcofactor辅助因子cohesive end粘性末端colipase辅脂酶collagen胶原collagen fiber胶原纤维collagen fibril胶原微纤维commaless连续性common-partner-SMAD，Co-SMADs共同的偶配体SMADscompatible end配伍未端competent cell感受态细胞competitive inhibition竞争性抑制作用complementary互补complementary DNA互补的单链DNAcomplex复合体conformation空间构象conjugated bile acid结合胆汁酸conjugated enzyme结合酶conjugation接合作用conjugation reaction结合反应consensus一致性consensus sequence共有序列conservative transposition保守性转座constant segment恒定片段constotutive gene expression组成性基因表达controlling element控制因子coordinate expression协调表达coordinate regulation协调调节coproporphyrinogen III，CPGIII粪卟啉原IIIcopy拷贝core enzyme核心酶core particle核心颗粒corepressor辅阻遏剂cosmid vector柯斯质粒载体covalent modification共价修饰creatine肌酸creatine kinase, CK肌酸激酶creatine phosphate, CP磷酸肌酸creatinine肌酸酐cross talk交联对话cyclin细胞周期蛋白cyclin dependent kinase,CDK细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶cyclobutane ring环丁基环cysteine半胱氨酸cytidine胞苷cytochrome C细胞色素CCytochrome P450，Cyt P450细胞色素P450cytochrome, Cyt细胞色素cytosine，C胞嘧啶Dde novo synthesis从头合成途径DEAE dextran-mediated transfectionDEAE葡聚糖介导转染debranching enzyme分支酶decarboxyase脱羧酶decarboxylation脱羧基作用decorin饰胶蛋白degeneracy简并性degradation降解dehydrase脱水酶deletion缺失denaturation变性denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE变性梯度胶电泳density gradient centrifugation密度梯度离心deoxyadenosine脱氧腺苷deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱氧腺苷酸deoxycholic acid脱氧胆酸deoxycytidine脱氧胞苷deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosine脱氧鸟苷deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱氧鸟苷酸deoxynucleotide脱氧核糖核苷酸deoxynucleotide monophosphate,dNMP脱氧单磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide triphosphate,dNTP脱氧三磷酸核苷deoxyribonuclease，DNaseDNA酶deoxyribonucleic acid，DNA脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleoside脱氧核苷deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, dNMP脱氧核苷酸deoxyribozyme脱氧核酶dermatan sulfate硫酸皮肤素desaturase去饱和酶detoxication解毒作用diabetes mellitus低血糖dialysis透析differential RNA processingRNA分化加工dihydrofolate reductase二氢叶酸还原酶dihydrofolic acid synthetase二氢叶酸合成酶dimer二聚体dimerization二聚化dinitrophenol,DNP二硝基苯酚dipeptidase二肽酶direct reacting bilirubin直接胆红素direct selection直接选择法distrophin抗肌萎缩蛋白diversity segment多样性片段D-loop replicationD-环复制DNA arraysDNA阵列 DNA binding domainDNA结合域 DNA blottingDNA印迹术 DNA chipDNA芯片 DNA cloningDNA克隆 DNA damageDNA损伤 DNA dependent RNA polymerase,RNA-pol依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶DNA glyclsidaseDNA糖苷酶 DNA ligaseDNA连接酶 DNA microarrayDNA微点阵 DNA microarrayDNA微阵列 DNA recombination DNA重组 DNA recombination technique,recombinant DNA technology重组DNA技术DNA topoisomeraseDNA拓扑异构酶 DNA repairingDNA修复 DNA-dependent DNA polymerase,DNA-pol依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶DNA-protein interaction DNA-蛋白质相互作用DNAzyme催化性DNA docosahexaenoic acid, DHA二十二碳六烯酸dolichol长萜醇domain结构域 dopamine多巴胺 double helix双螺旋 double reciprocal plot双倒数作图法down regulation下调 duchenne muscular dystrophy，DMD杜氏肌营养不良症 duplex双链 duplicative transposition复制性转座 d-urobilind-尿胆素 d-urobilinogen d-尿胆素原 dystrophin肌营养不良蛋白Eeicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二十碳五烯酸elastase弹性蛋白酶 electron transfer chain电子传递链 electrophoresis电泳 electroporation电穿孔 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry，ESI-MS电喷雾质谱 elongation延长 elongation factor，EF延长因子 elting temperature, Tm融解温度embryonic stem cell 胚胎干细胞endocrine内分泌endocrine signal内分泌信号endonuclease核酸内切酶 endopeptidase内肽酶 endoplasmic reticulum，ER内质网 endostatin内皮抑素 enhancer增强子 enhancer binding protein增强子结合蛋白 enolase，phopho-enolpyruvate，PEP磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 entrance进位 enzyme酶enzyme coupled assays酶偶联测定法 enzyme immunodetection assay酶免检测分析 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA酶联免疫测定法epimerase表构酶epinephrine肾上腺素 ergocalciferol 麦角钙化醇ergosterol麦角固醇 erythropoietin，EPO 促红细胞生成素essential activator必需激活剂essential amino acid必需氨基酸essential group必需基团ethanol乙醇 ethical, legal and social issues, ELSI伦理、法律及社会问题eukaryote真核生物 ex vivo间接体内疗法 excision repairing切除修复 exit site 排出位 exon外显子 exonuclease核酸外切酶 exopeptidase外肽酶 expression vector表达载体extracellular matrixc，ECM细胞外基质FF factorF因子 factor for inversion stimulation辅助因子Fisfalse neurotransmitter假神经递质farnesyl pyrophosphate, FPP焦磷酸法尼酯fatty acids 脂肪酸 ferrochelatase亚铁螯合酶 fibril微纤维 fibrillin原纤蛋白 fibrin纤维蛋白 fibrinogen纤维蛋白原 fibronectin, Fn纤连蛋白fingerprint DNA指纹 flanking region侧翼区flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin mononucleotide, FMN黄素单核苷酸flavoprotein黄素蛋白 fluorescence activated cell sorter, FACS荧光活化细胞分离器folic acid叶酸 forebrain前脑 fragile site脆性位点 fragile X syndrome脆性X综合征frame-shift框移frameshift mutation 框移突变 free bile acid游离胆汁酸 free fatty acid, FFA游离脂酸fructose biphosphatase-2果糖双磷酸酶-2fructose-6-phosphate , F-6-P6-磷酸果糖 fucose, Fuc岩藻糖fumarate hydratase，malate dehydrogenase苹果酸脱氢酶functional cloning功能克隆 functional complementation assay功能互补实验functional genomics 功能基因组学Ggain-of-function mutation获得性突变 galactose, Gal半乳糖gallbladder bile胆囊胆汁 gap 空隙 gel filtration凝胶过滤 gene基因 gene augmentation基因增补 gene chip基因芯片 gene cloning基因克隆 gene correction 基因矫正 gene diagnosis基因诊断 gene family基因族 gene inactivation，loss-of-function mutations基因失活 gene knock-out基因敲除 gene library基因文库 gene replacement基因置换 gene spacer基因间隔 gene targeting基因靶向 gene therapeutics基因疗法 gene therapy基因治疗 gene transfer基因转移 genechip arrays基因芯片点阵 general recombination基本重组 general transcription factors基本转录因子 genetic coden 遗传密码 genetic engineering基因工程 genetic map，linkage map连锁图 genetic mapping基因作图 genetic medicine 遗传医学 genetic recombination基因重组 geneticin药物G418 genome，genomics基因组 genomic DNA基因组DNA genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库 genotype遗传型 germ line cell生殖细胞 germ line gene therapy性细胞基因治疗 globulin球蛋白 glucagon胰高血糖素 glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸 glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid 生糖兼生酮氨基酸glucokinase葡萄糖激酶 gluconeogenesis糖异生 gluconeogenic pathway糖异生途径 glucose tolerence葡萄糖耐量 glucose transporter，GLUT葡萄糖转运体 glucose， Glc葡萄糖 glucose-6-phophatase葡萄糖6-磷酸酶glucose-6-phosphate，G-6-P6-磷酸葡萄糖glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT, AST谷草转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT, ALT谷丙转氨酶glutaminase谷氨酰胺酶 glutamine synthetase谷氨酰胺合成酶 glutathione S-epoxidetransferase谷胱甘肽S-环氧化物转移酶glutathione S-transferase胱甘肽S-转移酶 glutathione, GSH谷胱甘肽glycan聚糖 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glycerokinase甘油激酶 glycochenodeoxycholic acid甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸 glycocholic acid甘氨胆酸 glycoconjugates糖复合物 glycoform糖型 glycogen糖原 glycogen phosphorylase脱支酶 glycogen storage disease糖原储存疾病 glycogen synthase糖原合酶 glycolysis糖酵解 glycolytic pathway酵解途径 glycoprotein糖蛋白 glycosidic bond 糖苷键 gravity地心引力 growth factor生长因子 guanine，G鸟嘌呤 guanosine鸟苷 guanylate binding protein鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G蛋白guanylyl cyclase，GC鸟嘌呤环化酶 gyrase旋转酶HH segmentH片段hairpin发夹 hammerbead structure锤头结构HDL recepterHDL受体 heat shock proteins, Hsp热休克蛋白helicase解螺旋酶 helix destabilizing protein，HDP螺旋反稳定蛋白heme血红素 heme oxygenase血红素加氧酶 hemobilirubin血胆红素 hemoglubin，Hb血红蛋白 hemolytic jaundice溶血性黄疸 heparan sulfate 硫酸类肝素 heparin肝素 hepatic bile肝胆汁 hepatobilirubin肝胆红素 hepatocellular jaundice肝细胞性黄疸 heterodimer异二聚体 heteroduplex异源双链 heterogeneity异质性 heterogeneous nuclear RNA，hnRNA核内不均一RNA hetero-nuclear RNA, hn RNA杂化核RNAhexokinase己糖激酶 high fidelity高保真性 histidine组氨酸 histone，H组蛋白 HMG CoA reductaseHMG CoA还原酶 holoenzyme全酶 homocysteine同型半胱氨酸 homodimer同二聚体 homolog同源 homologous recombination同源重组 hormone response element激素反应元件 hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, HSL激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶housekeeping gene管家基因 human genome project, HGP人类基因组计划 human immuno-deficiency virus，HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒human leucocyte antigen，HLA人类白细胞抗原human telomerase associated protein 1，hTP1 端粒酶协同蛋白1 human telomerase reverse transcriptase，hTRT端粒酶逆转录酶human telomerase RNA，hTR端粒酶RNA Huntington disease亨丁顿舞蹈病 hyaluronic acid 透明质酸 hybrid duplex杂化双链 hybridization杂交 hydrolases水解酶类 hydroxylase羟化酶 hyperchromic effect 增色效应 hyperglycemia and glucosuria糖尿病 hyperlipidemia高脂血症 hyperlipoproteinemia高脂蛋白血症 hypersensitive site超敏位点hypoglycemia低血糖症Iimmediate-early gene立早基因 immediate-early gene，IEG即刻早期反应基因immobilized enzyme固定化酶 immunoblotting免疫印迹 in situ hybridization原位杂交 in situ PCR, ISP原位PCR in vitro体外试验，试管内in vivo体内试验，直接体内疗法inchworn model爬行模型inclusion body包涵体incorporation参入indirect reacting bilirubin间接胆红素 induced-fit hypothesis诱导契合假说inducer诱导剂 inducible factors可诱导因子 induction诱导作用infection感染 inhibitor抑制剂 inhibitory G protein，Gi抑制型G蛋白inhibitory-SMAD，I-SMADs抑制性SMADsinitiation coden起始密码 initiation factor,IF起始因子initiator启动元件 initiator-tRNA 起始tRNA inosine次黄嘌呤inosine monphosphate, IMP次黄嘌呤核苷酸inosine，I次黄核苷insertion插入insertion sequences, IS插入序列insulin胰岛素 insulin receptor substrate 胰岛素受体底物integration 整合 interference RNA，RNAi干扰RNA intermediate中间体internal seguence homology内在序列同源结构internalization内化 intrinsic factor, IF内因子intron内含子 invertase倒位酶 inverted repeat反转重复序列iron-sulfur cluster, Fe-S铁硫簇iron-sulfur protein铁硫蛋白irreversible inhibition 不可逆性抑制作用isocitrate异柠檬酸isocitrate dehydrogenase异柠檬酸脱氢 isoelectric point，pI等电点 isoenzyme同工酶 isomerases异构酶类 i-urobilini-尿胆素Jjaundice黄疸 jaundice occult隐性黄疸 joining segment 连接片段 just another kinases另一类激酶 keratan sulfate硫酸角质素ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸 ketone bodies酮体 key enzymes关键酶 kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction酶促反应动力学 Klenow fragmentKlenow片段 lac operon 乳糖操纵子 lactate 乳酸 lactate dehydrogenase乳酸脱氢酶 lactonase内酯酶 lagging strand随从链 laminin,Ln层粘连蛋白lariat RNA套索RNA LDL receptor related protein, LRPLDL受体相关蛋白leader segment前导片段 leading strand领头链lectin-like receptor凝集素样受体 leukotrienes，LTs白三烯Lewisite路易士气 ligand配体 ligandin配体蛋白 ligases 连接酶类 light repairing光修复 likage analysis连锁分析 limiting velocity enzymes限速酶 Lineweaver- Burk林-贝氏linoleic acid亚油酸 lipase C脂肪酶C lipi