2105理工AB_完型填空_复习自测题.doc

理工B-1Dung to DeathFields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, _51_ are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to _52_ a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of drugs in farm slurry. His findings are particularly _53_ because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. _54_ 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to _55_ disease and promote growth. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the_56_of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.Most researchers assume that humans become infected _57_ the resistant strain by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat _58_, say Stephen Mueller, of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. And the manure contains _59_ high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. With millions of tons of animal manure spread onto field of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely _60_ for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. They could also be leaching into _61_ water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.Mueller is particularly concerned _62_ a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His _63_ found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This contamination is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue _64_.There is a growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted _65_ and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.51. A. that52. A. invent 53. A. shocking54. A. Many55. A. kill56. A. development57. A. from58. A. sales59. A. especially60. A. travel61. A. dirty62. A. about63. A. theory64. A. dangerously65. A. unchangedB. asB. destroyB. warningB. AnyB. cureB. appearanceB. withB. packetsB. frequentlyB. tripB. pollutedB. ofB. analysisB. easilyB. uncaredC. whichC. createC. surprisedC. MostC. treatC. productionC. toC. productsC. generallyC. routeC. topC. fromC. argumentC. hardlyC. unexpectedD. whatD. resist D. interestedD. SomeD. preventD. declineD. onD. storages D. barelyD. roadD. tapD. inD. assumptionD. seriouslyD. undamaged理工B-2Time in the Animal WorldRhythm controls everything in nature. It controls, for example, the flapping of birds wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and _51_ of the sun.The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are _52_ by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction _53_ the rising of the tide. The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker. When the moon is _54_ the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day. Animals living the tidal areas must have the instinct of _55_ these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. _56_ the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs at the seaside _57_ a set way. To avoid predator fish, the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs _58_ dramatic changes related to the cycle of the moon. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. The second spring tide _59_ them back to the sea.Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same _60_ total number of heartbeats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals _61_ shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life _62_ of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. The _63_ the animal is, the longer the life span is and the slower its life tempo is. As we get older, our _64_ of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time _65_, and do few sports. For an adult, time goes fast year by year. For a child, a week is seen as a long time. 51. A. falling52. A. determined53. A. causes54. A. between55. A. expecting56. A. Before57. A. in58. A. occur59. A. takes60. A. common61. A. to 62. A. speed63. A. higher 64. A. sense65. A. restedB. settingB. influencedB. takesB. beyondB. preventingB. Until B. byB. conductB. bringB. equalB. withB. spanB. largerB. meaningB. to restC. decliningC. intendedC. composesC. beneathC. predictingC. SinceC. forC. produceC. leadC. averageC. asC. rhythmC. heavierC. understandingC. restingD. seatingD. depended D. changesD. behindD. inspectingD. AfterD. onD. undergoD. followD. ordinaryD. likeD. lengthD. smallerD. knowledge D. being rested理工B-3An Intelligent CarDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and _51_ between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control _52_?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands” and “feet”, too. The minicameras on each _53_ of the car are his eyes, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They _54_ the traffic to the cars left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving _55_ in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual drivers “brain”. His “brain” _56_ the speed of other moving cars near it and analyzes their _57_. Basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the “hands” and “feet” to act _58_. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual drivers best _59_? He reacts quickly. The minicameras are sending images _60_ to the “brain”. It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. _61_, the worlds best driver at least needs one second to react. Besides, when he _62_ action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can _63_ the accident rate considerably on expressways. _64_ this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to _65_ things is still limited. He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.51.A) coordinationB) associationC) combination D) collection52.A) these B) themC) itselfD) himself53.A) partB) sideC) frontD) end54.A) lookB) seeC) findD) watch55.A) functionB) informationC) systemD) structure56.A) calculatesB) considersC) thinksD) controls57.A) conditionsB) positionsC) degrees D) distances 58.A) continuously B) quickly C) considerablyD) accordingly59.A) opportunityB) advantageC) appearanceD) performance60.A) separatelyB) commonly C) continuouslyD) skillfully 61.A) ThereforeB) BesidesC) MoreoverD) However62.A) takesB) makes C) gives D) brings63.A) preventB) reduceC) avoidD) record64.A) ForB) WithC) InD) On65.A) understandB) realizeC) recollect D) recognize理工B-4Wonder WebsSpider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the worlds best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers _51_ enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without _52_.The secret of the webs strength? A type of super-resilient silk called dragline. When the female spider is ready to _53_ the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky _54_ the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the webs trademark spiral. Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver _55_ her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the _56_ of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, of the _57_ to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original _58_ and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes close._59_ is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady _60_ of spider silk would be billions of dollarsbut how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work _61_ the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors. Now, scientist at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The first step: extract silk-making genes _62_ the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from eggs secrete dragline silk protein in their _63_. “The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without _64_ help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers as fast as the _65_ thing snags bugs. 51.A) strongB) weakC) thinD) thick52.A) flyingB) breakingC) movingD) fixing53.A) move B) repairC) pullD) weave54.A) soB) butC) yetD) for55.A) remarksB) refixesC) reproducesD) reuses56.A) influenceB) defenseC) forceD) power57.A) capabilityB) abilityC) capacityD) possibility58.A) lengthB) strengthC) weightD) height59.A) ThatB) ThisC) ItD) There60.A) exchangeB) supplyC) productionD) shipment61.A) becauseB) if C) unlessD) when62.A) toB) offC) forD) from63.A) meatB) milkC) silkD) muscle64.A) someB) manyC) anyD) no65.A) realB) littleC) artificialD) actual理工B-5Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries, but according to a study in Psychological Science, theyre good for your heart and _51_. The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel. “For me personally, food has always played a big _52_ in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Baffalo, and lead author on the study. The study came out of the research _53_ of his co-author Shira Gabriel. It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions. Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships _54_ a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones. Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same _55_ by making people think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make _56_ feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them. Others were given an emotionally neutral writing _57_. Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and other wrote about eating a new food. _58_, the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person _59_ people feel lonely. But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely _60_writing about a comfort food. “We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us,” says Troisi. “Thinking about or _61_ these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others.” In their essays on comfort food, may people wrote about the _62_ of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but _63_ they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food. This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, _64_ they wouldnt remember it.“Throughout everyones daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our _65_ with others,” Troisi says. “Comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness.”51.A) emission B) emotionsC) movementD) personality52.A) roleB) number C) portionD) function53.A) progress B) provisionC) professionD) program54.A) ofB) forC) withD) on55.A) effectB) effort C) amountD) taste56.A) scientistsB) assistantsC) professorsD) participants57.A) experimentB) assignmentC) managementD) arrangement58.A) InitiallyB) FormallyC) FinallyD) Previously59.A) madeB) allowedC) causedD) permitted60.A) withoutB) intoC) inD) by61.A) cookingB) consumingC) producingD) selecting62.A) modelB) accidentC) experienceD) harm63.A) only ifB) even ifC) as if D) even though64.A) butB) soC) yetD) still65.A) condition B) expressionC) cooperationD) connections理工A-1Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain and _51_ coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast moving car with different parts of his body. But how does an intelligent control _52_? Apparently there isnt anyone in the drivers cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on _53_ side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the _54_ to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the _55_ driving system: a built-in computer. This is the brain of the car. The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the _56_ objects surrounding the car are moving at, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving _57_ to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual drivers best _58_ is that it reacts quickly. It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras _59_100 milliseconds. However, it takes the worlds best racecar driver at least one second to _60_, and this doesnt include the time he needs to take actions.With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways _61_. In this case, it is possible for us to let it have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts say that we cannot do that just yet. With its _62_ ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its directions by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognize _63_ according to their regular shapes. However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on _64_ roads that have no clear marking on them. This being the case, people still have hopes about driverless cars, and highly intelligent cars are _65_ the cars of the future should be like. 51. A. allows 52. A. them53. A. every54. A. traffic55. A. natural 56. A. extents 57. A. directions58. A. advantage59. A. between 60. A. reflect61. A rapidly 62. A. limited63. A. materials 64. A. clean65. A. whatB. operates B. itB. eachB. carB. artificial B. degreesB. ordersB. position B. forB. repeatB. considerablyB. well-knownB. conditionsB. soilB. that C. obtains C. itselfC. allC. vehicleC. mechanical C. speedsC. operations C. knowledge C. withoutC. reactC. quickly C. amazingC. roadsC. ordinaryC. howD. maintainsD. themselvesD. bothD. automobile D. automaticD. numbersD. expressions D. understandingD. withinD. release D. intenselyD. wonderfulD. vehiclesD. wideD. which理工A-2 Robotic Highway Cones(圆锥体)A University Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move _51_ their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical _52_ at Nebraska.For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to _53_ off the lane at the time. And they can return to the original place at the _54_of the day. “It just seems like a very good application for robots,” Farritor said. “The robotic cones would also help _55_ people from hazardous jobs on the highway putti