GRE 试题及其范文.doc

TOPIC: ISSUE202 - Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.WORDS: 597 TIME: 00:45:00 DATE: 2011-1-30 14:52:31Should the political leaders often compromise to the public opinion, as the speaker asserts? I might be tempting to agree with the speaker, based on that the public opinion is right. However, a far more compelling argument can be made that when the leaders idea is better for the society, he/she should not abandon it. In my point of view, the effective should make different decisions depending on different situations.Admittedly, the public opinion is worthwhile listening to. As a political leader, he/she has been given a great power by the people. The greater power you gain, the greater responsibility you will have. How you can use it to do contributions to the people depends much on what you can do for the public. And the public know the most what they want. So their opinion is worthwhile. For example, Wei Zheng, a minister of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and a representative of the public, was always demonstrating his counterviews about the policy to the Emperor. And the Emperor, regarded as one of the greatest emperors in China, was happy to listen to Wei Zhengs opinion before implementing a policy. Obviously, under his leadership, the Tang Dynasty is one of the strongest countries in the world. From it, we can see that the public opinion can help the leader to be effective. Furthermore, if the leader never cares about the public opinion, he/she might cause a great harm to the society. There is an old saying that absolute power leads to absolute corruption. No matter how kind he/she may be before becoming a leader, he/she will be masked by the great power. Everyone will compromise to his/her power, and he/she will gradually feel that everything he/she decides is wise. If he/she made a false policy and didnt care about the public opinion, a destructive consequence will arrive. For instance, Hitler, a crazy leader, hated the Jews and insisted his people is the greatest people in the world. After he gained the power, he didnt listen to any of the counterviews and quickly started the World War II. As a result, the people in the world suffered great misery from it and he was killed by the people of the world. According, as a effective leader should learn to listen to the public. Nevertheless, if the effective leaders idea is right, he/she should stick to it. Sometimes the truth is hold by the minority. As a leader, he/she might receive much more information than the public. If he/she always compromise to the public, his/her correct ideas might be avoided and even cause a disaster to the people. If he/she sticks to the right policy, he/she might achieve a great success. To illustrate, Xiang Yu, one of the greatest general in ancient China, led an army and crossed a river to fight against the enemy. To their surprise, the number of the enemy is several times more than his. His soldiers tended to drawback. However, he burnt the boats and helped the soldiers to make their determinations to fight. Finally, he won the war and became a great hero. From it, we can learn that keeping to ones principle will do a great favor to leader.To sum up, on one hand the public opinion is very important for an effective leader. It can help the leader avoid making mistakes. On the other hand, the effective leader should have a strong determination to implement his/her correct policy, when he/she faces fierce counterviews. To be an effective leader, he/she should figure out a balance between the two. TOPIC: ARGUMENT156 - The following is taken from an advertisement placed in a weekly business magazine by the Dickens Academy.We distributed a survey to senior management at International Mega-Publishing, Inc. The result of the survey clearly indicates that many employees were well prepared in business knowledge and computer skills, but lacked interpersonal skills to interact gracefully with customers. International Mega-Publishing decided to improve customer satisfaction by sending their newly hired employees to our one-day seminars. Since taking advantage of our program, International Mega-Publishing has seen a sharp increase in sales, an indication that the number of their disgruntled customers has declined significantly. Your company should hire Dickens and let us turn every employee into an ambassador for your company.WORDS: 429 TIME: 00:30:00 DATE: 2011-1-30 14:52:31In the argument above, the author concludes that a company should hire Dickens to train their employee to be an ambassador. To support his/her conclusion, the author cites the survey that many employees of International Mega-Publishing, Inc are good at professional skills and lack interpersonal skills. The author also notes that after taking the one-day seminars, the company had a sharp increase in sales. Well-intentioned the author might be, however, he overlooks several flaws during the reasoning and might mislead the readers.To begin with, the result of the survey can be cast doubt on in that the survey is conducted by the Dickens itself. The author doesnt provide any information about how many samples the survey has and whether the samples are representative. It is possible that the Dickens chose just 10 employees in the company and they couldnt convince us the result can be stable. The author also overlooks the possibility that in order to persuade the International Mega-Publishing, Inc to hire them, the Dickens might chose only the employees who are lack the interpersonal skills. Without ruling out such possible scenarios, the survey cannot convince us. In addition, even if the result were reliable, the causal relationship of the seminar and the increase in sales is open to doubt. The author just provides that the increase in sales happened after the company sent their employees to the one-day seminars. The consequence of the two events, in itself, does not suffice to prove the causal relationship. In all likelihood, the company improved its management and technology, so that the sales were increased. Besides, there is a possibility that the sales didnt really increased because the author just points out that the number of disgruntled customers declined. Without showing more evidences to justify the relationship, we cannot take the conclusion seriously. Last but not least, even if the causal relationship