答案状语从句文档.doc

状语从句1状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。2能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。3whatever，whenever，wherever等引导词与no matter wh等引导词的不同用法。2011年高考对条件状语从句的考查稳中有升。2012年考查的重点仍然是考生容易混淆的近似连词的用法，试题的结构将越来越复杂，设问的角度将越来越多样化。1when, while, as的区别这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day.Ill go when I have had my dinner.The film had begun when we arrived at the cinema.注意：when有哪些通常所在的句型？(2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.While也可表对比。I like reading while he prefers listening to music.谚语：Strike the iron while it is hot.(3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired.As time passes by, we grow older and learn more.As industry develops,more and more farmland has been taken up.While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.While也可表对比。I like reading while he prefers listening to music.谚语：Strike the iron while it is hot.(3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired.As time passes by, we grow older and learn more.As industry develops,more and more farmland has been taken up.2一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.The moment I entered the room, I smelled something unusual.Every time I visit him, he is always reading.3directly和immediately也可作为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于the moment/the instant和as soon as。如：I knew something was wrong directly I arrived. The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.4before 和afterbefore 引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时或一般过去时。after引导的从句动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句要用过去时，从句则要用过去完成时或一般过去时。例如：The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport. After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.They arrived at the cinema after the film began.5no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when这两个连词词组都是表示主句与从句动作随即发生，意为“一就”。主句动词用过去完成时。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒装。例如：No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.6till 和until这两个词的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，主句要用非延续性动词，这时until和before同义。例如：They did not go home until they had finished the work. They stayed there.7. It 与before, since, when引导的时间状语从句连用时的区别：(1)It is/has been时间段since . 自从以来已有多长时间了。(2)It is/was时间点when . when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当的时候，是”。 (3)It be 时间段 before . it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“之后”。例如：How long is it since we met last time?It was a lready midnight when I got home.It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.1(2011福建)It was April 29, 2011_Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhen Csince Dbefore2(2011上海) If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait_it comes out on DVD.A. whether B. afterC. though D. until3(2011江西)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or_it is convenient to you.A. whenever B. howeverC. whichever D. wherever解析 考查从句连接词。whenever无论何时，however然而 whichever任何一个，wherever 无论哪里。请打电话给我的秘书安排今天下午的会议，或者在任何你方便的时候。关系副词在后句中充当状语，根据语境可知是指时间，选A。4.(2011辽宁)He had no sooner finished his speech_the students started cheering.A. since B. asC. when D. than5(2011四川)As it reported, it is 100 years_Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. beforeC. after D. since1(2010重庆)Today，we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.AwhenBwhereChow Dwhat2(2009江苏)_unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.ABefore BWhereCUnless DUntil3(2009山东)The little girl who got lost decided to remain_she was and wait for her mother.Awhere BwhatChow Dwho地点状语从句表示在主句中某一动作或状态发生的地点或进行的方向，这类从句通常由where, wherever或 everywhere引导，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，wherever的语气比where语气更强烈。where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“在任何一个地方”，everywhere指“每一地方”。例如：Bamboo grows well where it has plenty of rain. Sit wherever you like.Make a mark where you have a question.Where there is a will，there is a way.1. (2011山东) He had his camera ready_he saw something that would make a good picture.A. even ifB. if onlyC. in case D. so that2. (2010全国卷)The little boy wont go to sleep_his mother tells him a story.Aor BunlessCbut Dwhether3(2010山东)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day，_accompanied by an adult.Aonce BwhenCif Dunless4(2010江西)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well，that doesnt matter_you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough5(2010北京) _they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.AAs BWhileCUntil DOnce条件状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。1if 和unlessif 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”，unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。例如：If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.【专家提醒】条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在条件下”等意思。例如：All living things respire as long as they live.Supposing (that) you fail a second time, dont get disappointed, but try again.On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.3only if和if onlyonly if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”； if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.1(2011北京)_volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.A. SinceB. OnceC. Unless D. While2(2011四川)Frank insisted that he was not asleep_I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. althoughC. for D. so3(2011辽宁)No matter how _， it is not necessarily lifeless.A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be4(2010安徽)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，_they have the interest.Awherever BwheneverCeven if Das if5(2011重庆)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off_we are to shake hands with.Awhichever BwheneverCwhoever Dwherever1让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.)等引导。Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress.尽管她学习很努力，但还是进步不快。Whenever Im unhappy(No matter when Im unhappy)，it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友给我鼓励。【专家提醒】(1)however引导让步状语从句时，与它所修饰的词一起放在句首。(2)英语不允许在though 或although从句后同时用but。如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义，可以在主句前加上yet或still。2as引导的让步状语从句的常见的几种倒装方式(1)如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词副词”时，常将从句中的副词提到从句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.尽管你努力了，你可能不会成功。(2)如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词不及物动词”，常将这个不及物动词提到从句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.尽管你等了，他可能不会见你。(3)如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词单数名词”，则常将这个作表语的名词提前，但这个名词前面的不定冠词要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong.尽管他还是个孩子，他能明辨是非。3while作“尽管”讲引导让步状语从句时往往放在句首While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.尽管我明白你的观点，我不赞成你。1(2011湖南)Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him_he had done something very clever. A .as ifB. in caseC. while D. though2(2009天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，_do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.Aas BwhichCwhen Dthough1as 和just as二者都表示“如；犹如，正如”。just as 比as强调的语气更强。例如：In the early days, people could not count as we do now.在早期日子中，人们不和我们现在一样能计数。Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.大部植物像它们需要水一样，也需要阳光。2as if 和as thoughas if 或as though从句可以用陈述语气，表示可能符合事实的情况；也可以用虚拟语气，表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，意为“好像，仿佛”。例如：It looks as though it is going to rain.天看起来要下雨。He spoke as if he were a philosopher.他说话就像是一位哲学家。(从句动词与主语谓语同时发生，从句谓语要用一般过去时)He speaks as if he had been to the moon.他谈起话来就好像是去过月球。(从句动作发生在主句谓语之前，从句谓语要用过去完成时)He speaks as if he would fly to the moon.他谈起话来就好像是要飞往月球。(从句动词发生在主句谓语之后，从句谓语要用would/could/mightdo)Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因状语从句） because, since, as, now that, forI. because1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.The ship changed its course because of the storm.2)Because he was ill,he didnt go to school. Being ill, he didnt go to school.II.since 1)Since you are ill,youd better go to see the doctor. 2)Since you do not understand ,I will explain again. III.as 1)As she was late for class,she had to say sorry. 2)As Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.now that 1)Now that class is over,lets go to play football.V.for He must be ill, for he is absent today.Exercises:1.The teacher must be strict with you _ they want you to make great progress.2._your father is well again,you no longer have anything to worry about.3.The day breaks,_the birds are singing.1“ May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum？”“ No, you cant go out_your work is being done.”A. before B. untilC. as D. the moment2. “Im going to the post office.” “_youre there, can you get me some stamps？”A. As B. WhileC. Because D. If3. After the war, a new school building was put up_there had once been a theatre. A. that B. whenC. which D. where4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken_ stood the famous tower.A. that B. at whichC. when D. where5. They kept trying_they must have known it was hopeless.A. if B. becauseC. when D. where6. He was about to tell me the secret_someone patted him on the shoulder.A. as B. untilC. when D. while7. The fire went on for quite some time_it was brought under control.A. when B. sinceC. after D. before8. Mother asked me to take more money_something unexpected should happen.A. in case B. so thatC. in order that D. when9._your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. CheckC. If you check D. To check10. “When did he leave the classroom？” “He left_you turned back to write on the blackboard.”A. the time B. the momentC. until D. since1Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. when D. because2_well prepared you are, you still