英语被动态.doc

被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用于主动句中，表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态用于被动句中，表示主语是动作的承受者。句型构成：主语 +be + 动词过去分词 （+ by + 动作执行者）TENSE 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时beVVsamisare+V(p.p) 现在进行时amisare+Ving amisare+being+V(p.p 现在完成时havehas+Vpphavehas+been+V(p.p) 一般过去时waswereVedwaswere+V(p.p) 过去进行时waswere+Vingwaswere+being+V(p.p 过去完成时had+Vpp had+been+V(p.p) 一般将来时will+V will be +V(p.p) 将来进行时Will be+Ving主动语态变被动语态（1） 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2） 把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。 （3） 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.被动语态的特殊结构形式：1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby-sister should take care of the baby. The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3)4) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4） 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 6) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 练习：1.主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动：2. 主动：People regard him as brilliant. 被动：3.被动：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. 主动：4. 主动：We have studied English for 3 years and on at school 被动：5. 被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 主动：6. 主动: We must keep this in mind. 被动：7. 主动: We are going to paint the wall green. 被动：8. 主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion