教材文本 Unit 3 Discovering Useful Words and Expressions

Unit 3 AustraliaDiscovering useful words and expressions1 Complete the sentences with words below. backgrounds nation citizens tolerance Aboriginal homelands migrants respectThe majority of Australians are _ from many different _. In fact, the only _ whose ancestors have lived here for more than 200 hundred years are the_ people. Most Australians believe that having people from so many different _ creates _ and _ and makes Australia a stronger _ and a more interesting place to live. 2 Read the paragraph below, paying particular attention to the underlined words, some of which may be new to you. Try to work out the definitions of these words and write them down in the second column. Then check your answer using an English-English dictionary and write the dictionary definitions in the third column. The first migrants arrived in Australia after a long voyage on small sailing ships. Life was very tough at first because they did not have adequate equipment or food. One of the first things they did was to dig the soil and sow vegetable seeds. However, it wasnt easy to grow enough food for everyone and in the first few years they faced starvation. Despite all the hardships of those early years, many of the migrants succeeded in building a good life for themselves. In the early days there were not nearly as many women migrants as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors. Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms. Within a reasonably short time some had established large sheep farms and began to export meat and wool back to England. We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive. These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.Word Your definitionDictionary definitionmigrantadequatesowhardshipbachelorcorrespondowe3 You will find it easier to learn English words in clusters. Read aloud the following words and write down as many words related to them as possible. Compare your lists with a partner. EXAMPLE：rain, rainbow, rainfall, rainy, raindrop, raincoat, rainforest, rain water rain tax home rust time night autonomy defend tolerate celebrate nation city birth associate reserve wayAnswer key for Exercise 1：migrants / citizens; nations / backgrounds; citizens; Aboriginal; backgrounds / nations / homelands; respect; tolerance; nationSuggested answers to Exercise 2：WordDictionary definitionmigranta person who goes from one place to live in another (also immigrant)adequateenoughsowput seeds in the ground so they will growhardshipdifficult or unpleasant conditions of lifebacheloran unmarried malecorrespond communicate by writingoweto need to pay or give (something) to (someone) because they have given or lent (something) to you or have done (something） for youSuggested answers to Exercise 3：tax: taxation, taxed, taxable, taxman, taxpayer home: homework, homely, homeland, homeless, homemaker, homecoming, homesickrust: rusty, rustprooftime: timely, timing, timekeeper, timer, timepiece, timesaving, timetable, timelessnight: nightly, nightime, goodnight, nightclothes, nightclub, nightfallautonomy: autonomous, autonomouslydefend: defence, defender, defenceless, defendant, defensive, defensibletolerate: tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerantly, tolerable, tolerably, tolerabilitycelebrate: celebration, celebratory, celebrated, celebrant, celebritynation: national, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationalist, nationwidecity: citizen, citizenship, citywide, cityscapebirth