语法重点与难点 虚拟语气.doc

语法重点与难点第一部分 虚拟语气（） 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 时间从句谓语形式主语谓语形式虚拟现在时 （与现在事实相反）动词的过去式be一般用were should (would could might) +动词原形虚拟过去时（与过去事实相反）had +过去分词should (would could might)+have+过去分词虚拟将来时（与将来事实相反）动词的一般过去式或were to be +动词原形should+动词原形should (would could might) +动词原形 If the whole operationbeforehand，a great deal of time and money would have been lost .A) was not planned B) has been planned C) had not been planned D) were not planned二 错综时间虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气） 条件从句便是的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, younow.A) couldnt have smiled B) wouldnt be smiling C) didnt smile D) wont smile三 省略连词If采用倒装的非真实条件句 在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had或should等移至主语之前，构成倒装。right now, she should get there on Sunday.A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) were she to leave D) If she had left四 虚拟语气在含蓄虚拟条件句中的应用 非真实条件句中条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。常见的有but for（若不是），without等引导的短语以及or，or else，otherwise，but等后面的分句。 We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we him.A) would have telephoned B) must have telephonedC) would telephone D) had telephoned（）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法一 虚拟语气用于主语从句中（主语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形”（should可省略）来构成虚拟语气It is(was) important (necessary, essential)thatIt is(was) a pity (shame, suggestion, order, request)thatIt is(was) desired (arranged, ordered, decided)that二 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中 当动词用ask arrange beg desire command desire direct desire demand determine move(提议) prefer propose intend recommend request require suggest suppose urge vote（建议）insist坚持要（某人）等后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形（should可省）”来表示虚拟语气。Mikes uncle insistsin this hotel.A) staying not B) not to stay C) that he would not stay D) that he not staysuggest意为“指出，表明”时，其后宾语从句中谓语必须用陈述语气。Id like to suggest that it was put in the wrong place。 insist意为“坚决声明”时，其后宾语从句中谓语必须用陈述语气。I insisted （to everyone）that he was wrong。 虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式：对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用：would(could might)+动词原形I wish he would try again.我希望他再试一次表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时Sometimes I wish Iin a different time and a different placeA) be living B) were living C) would live D) would have lived对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，宾语从句的谓语用“过去完成时或couldwould have done ”的形式I wish I longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class .A) could have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) have slept虚拟语气用于would rather，would just as soon（=rather）后的宾语从句中。would rather，would sooner ，would as soon 和would just as soon等短语表示“但愿”“宁愿”等意思，其后的宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟，常用过去式或过去完成时表示与现在或过去事实相反The manager would rather his daughterin the same office.A) does not work B)not to work C) had not worked D)did not work三：虚拟语气用于表语从句或同位语从句中，advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,order,motion,necessity,instruction,plan, preference, propose, pray, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, understanding等名词后接表语从句或同位语从句时谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气 -The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyoneIII虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法一：用于方式状语从句中 在as if, as though应到的方式状语从句中，用过去时标语现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。 -the tree looked as if it had not been watered for a long time 二：用于目的状语从句中 在lest, for fear that, in case等引到的目的状语从句中用should+动词原形或might, could+动词原形表虚拟 -The mad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he injure himself三：用于让步状语从句中 在让步状语从句中，谓语动词多用原形来构成虚拟语气 注：由even if, even though引导的让步状语从句，其从句的谓语动词形式与含有非真实条件从句的主语从句中的谓语动词一样来构成虚拟。IV：其他用法一：用于定语从句中 在It is high time that句型中，that引导的定语从句总的谓语动词常用一般过去时构成虚拟 It is already 5 o clock now, do not you think it is about time we went home.二：用于if only引导的从句中 谓语动词的用法与wish后动词的用法基本相同。表示“但愿