高三英语第3讲：代词专题一(教师版).docx

第3讲 代词专题 代 词It 的用法作人称代词John likes playing Pingpong/ He always does it in the afternoon(指代上下文提到的事物)；Its time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer/ Its very quiet at the moment(可指时间、天气、环境等)引导词作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。Its important for us to learn a second language/ Its no use talking to him/ Its known to all that the earth goes round the sunB作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。We feel it our duty to help others/ He made it clear that he would leave the cityC强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分that (或who) 注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定从)It was twelve oclock when we arrived there(when引起时间状语从句）It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there（that 引起强调句）3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have _C_?Ait BthatCone Dthis The Parkers bought a new house but _C_will need a lot of work before they can move inAthey Bit Cone Dwhich one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。不定代词不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。1、both，either ，neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both可用作同位语。both 意为两者都，either 表两者中任一个，neither表两者都不。2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可数)。e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing/ None of us are/is perfect/ All of the village was flooded3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有。-How many people are there in the hall ?-None-who wants to go with him ?-No one(Nobody)-What can you see in the bottle ?-Nothing-Is there any water in it ?-None4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或the others)，other (或other +复数名词)：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表再有；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。-I dont like this，show me another one(NMET 2000，16)If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15Aanother Bother Cmore DEach (A)人称、物主、反身、指示代词高考重点要求1掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3掌握it的基本用法。一人称代词1）分清主格和宾格形式。eg：-I love you more than her，child / -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_D? A you；me BI；you Cyou；you DI；me 2)注意约定俗成的用法。-Who is it ?-Its me -Id like to have a rest -Me，too3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等China is a great countryShe has a long history5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they二物主代词：名词性物主代词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词只能起定语作用。三反身代词1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。e.g. Im not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。/ ake yourself at home不要拘礼；请随便吧。 / Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？四指示代词（一）this，that，these those 1在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。2this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。 e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine3this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing/ He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know4that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany（二）such such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer/ Such are our people做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so that， suchthat 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film(也可为so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可数词前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )高考考点归纳：代词是英语语法结构中的重要一环,也是高考测试的重点内容之一。纵观历年高考试题,出现频率最高的是不定代词,其次是it用法、疑问代词、反身代词以及人称代词等。 考点1. 名词替代词it, one, ones, that, those的区别 one和ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one指代单数,ones指代复数,所替代的是同名异物,表示泛指,可有前置定语或后置定语,也可单独使用。特指时必须加定冠词the。 that用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词,不能和冠词连用,其后常有修饰语。代替可数名词的复数时,用代词those。 更多解释：1. it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。1)The Parkers bought a new house but _B_will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. theyB. itC. oneD. which2）Few pleasures can equal _D_of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. anyC. thatD. those3)Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _C_ in the city. A. onesB. oneC. thatD. those4）We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _B_ from some wood we had. A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another2. one替代“a单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。5)Weve been looking at houses but havent found _B_we like yet.A. one B. onesC. itD. them6)We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _B_ from some wood we had. A. itB. one C. himselfD. another7) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _B_I will always treasure. A. thatB. oneC. itD. what 考点2. all, both, either, neither, each, every, none的用法比较 both, either和neither都表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语。both还可作同位语。neither表示两者否定;either表示两者中任何一个,强调个体;both表示两者都。all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人时看作复数,指事物时看作单数;none作主语,看作单复数皆可。both, all, each, none作主语同位语时,通常放在行为动词的前面,be动词、助动词和情态动词的后面。all和both与not连用表示部分否定。 【原题再现】 1) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _A_ of them came. A. neitherB. eitherC. noneD. both2) I had to buy _D_ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. bothB. noneC. neitherD. all 3)-Do you want tea or coffee? -_C_. I really dont mind. A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither 4) If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take _D_? I wont read them this week. A. allB. anyC. eitherD. both5) Of all the books on the desk, _D_ is of any use for our study. A. nothingB. no oneC. neitherD. none6) Mr Alcott, headmaster of the school, refused to accept_C_ of the three suggestions made by the Students Union. A. eitherB. neitherC. anyD. none7) They were all very tired, but _C_of them would stop to take a rest. A. anyB. someC. noneD. neither8) Canada is larger than _A_ country in Asia. A. any B. any otherC. otherD. another9) _D_ of the boys has got a pencil and some paper. A. All B. EveryC. Everyone D. Each10) These plants are watered _B_. A. each other dayB. every other day C. each of two daysD. every of two days 考点3. other, the other, another, others的用法比较 指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。 指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。 others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于other+复数名词;the others相当于the other+复数名词。 another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few时,则可接复数名词。 【原题再现】 1) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _C_. A. the other is whiteB. another whiteC. the other whiteD. another is white 2) I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _A_in two days? A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others 考点4. some, any及其相应复合不定代词的辨析 some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句。在下列情况下常用some: 1) some后接单数可数名词,意为某一时,相当于a certain + 单数可数名词。 2) 在表示请求或邀请的句子中,当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时,通常用some,不用any。 在下列肯定句中常用any: 1) 用于陈述句或祈使句中,意为任何;无论哪一个,后接可数名词单数形式。如: Any book will do-I just want something to read on the train. 2) 用于肯定的条件句中,意为什么;一个(些);if any是固定词组,意为若有的话。如: He asked me if I had any books in my desk. some, any, every常与-one, -body, -thing构成复合不定代词,其基本用法与some, any, every用法相当。 【原题再现】 1)-When shall we meet again? -Make it _B_ day you like; its all the same to me. A. oneB. anyC. anotherD. some2) I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _B_. A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing3) I feel a bit hungry. Why dont you have _B_bread? A. anyB. someC. littleD. a 考点5. 人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语1) My grandma still treats me like a child. She cant imagine _A_ grown up. A. myB. mineC. myselfD. me2) Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed _B_ to_ and then posted it at the nearby post office.A. it; herB. it; herselfC. herself; herD. herself; herself3) Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why_D_? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. himB. heC. I D. me 提示：下列情况也用宾格：在be后作表语。Who is it? Its me. 谁？是我呀。在单独使用或带not的简略回答中。如：Who broke the cup? 谁打破了杯子？Me! (Not me!)我！(不是我！) I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。Me too. 我也是。在感叹疑问句中做主语，以引起强调。如：You can tell him. 你可以告诉他。Me tell him? Not likely！我告诉他？不可能！在下列之类的祈使句中：Hes got to repay the moneypoor him.他得偿还这笔钱可怜的他呀！考点6. 名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语，但不能作定语。Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _B_. A. him and herB. his and hers C. his and herD. him and hers 考点7.反身代词的用法反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。1）Who called me this morning when I was out? A man calling _B_ Robert. A. himB. himselfC. hisD.不填2）You will find as you read fiats book that you just cant keep some of these stones to _B_. You will want to share them with a friend.A. itselfB. yourselfC. himselfD. themselves 考点8. 指示代词的用法指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点：(1) this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。(2) 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。(3) 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。(4) this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。考题1）He was nearly drowned once. When was _A_? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; ItB. this; ThisC. this; ItD. that; This2）Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _B_ much to do. A. suchB. that C. moreD. very 考点9 (a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法辨析a little和little修饰或代替不可数名词，与much相对，表示“多”；a few和few修饰或代替可数名词与many相对，表示“少”。a little和a few含肯定语气， little和few含否定语气。一般说来，在only, just, still, quite, can, not等词后用a little或a few；在very, so, some, the, no等词后用little或few。If we had followed the plan, we could have done the job better with _C_money and _ people. A. less; lessB. fewer; fewerC. less; fewerD. fewer; less考点10 it的用法1）The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _A_ didnt help. AitBsheCwhichDhe2）The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （2005全国卷1） (B)AthatBitCthisDhim。作文中有关it常见高级句式套用句型：(一)以形式主语it引导的有关句型。（1）“It is / was被强调的部分that(who)+剩余的部分.”例如：It wasnt until he came back that I went to bed.“直到他回来我才睡觉”(一定要注意被强调句型谓语动词否定的转移及形式)。It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school today.“只因为他有病了今天没有来上学”（只能用because而不能用for, as 或since）It is I who am a student. “我确实是个学生”。（2）“It happened（chanced）that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. =sb.did sth. by chance.” 例如：It happened that he was out when I got there.“当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在”He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.（3）“It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done”（还有动词appear可这样使用）例如：It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.“好像你以去过北京”He seemed to have been Beijing before.（4）“It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主语should do / did+其它”（注意从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气） 例如：It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。（5）“It is / was said ( reported)that+从句.” 例如：It was said that he had read this novel.“据说他读过这篇小说”He was said to have read this novel.（6）“It is impossible / necessary/ strangethat clause.”(从句中的谓语用shoulddo / should have done，其形式是虚拟语气)例如：It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他这次考试没有及格。（7）“It is + a pity/ a shamethat clause.” (注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式，但should可以省略) 例如：He didnt come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. “他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜”（8）“It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /that +clause.” (从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略) 例如：It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.“有人建议推迟会议”。（9）“It is/was表示地点的名词where+从句” （注意本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句） 例如：It was this house where I was born.请比较：It was in this house that I was born.(后一句是强调句型。)（10）“It is / was +表示时间的名词when+从句” （注意本句型也不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句） 例如：It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.（11）“It is well-known that从句” 例如：It is well-known that she is a learned woman.“众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女”。（12）“It is +段时间since+主语did.” / “It was +段时间since+主语had done.” 例如：It is five years since he left here.“他已经离开这儿五年了”。It was five years since he left here.（同上）（14）“It +谓语段时间before+主语谓语”（before引导的是时间状语从句） 例如：It wasnt long before the people in that country rose up.“没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了”It will be three hours before he comes back.“三个小时之后他才能回来”（15）“It is +形容词for+ sb.+ to do.” 例如：It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.“我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的”（16）“It is +（心理品质方面的）形容词of + sb. +to do.”= “主语+ be +形容词to do.”(常用的形容词有：kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等) 例如：It is kind of you to help me.You are kind to help me.“你真好给我提供了帮助” 1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone C. either D. each2. After paying 1,000 dollars_ ,youll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both3._ was her cruelty that we all hated her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. very5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I dont like these. Do you have any_ ? A. one B. other C. ones D. others6. I d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither D. none7. I need some blue ink today but there is _ at hand. A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none8. I found the very watch of mine _ I had left _ . A. where, it B. that, it C. which,one D. where,one9. I havent got time to get the tickets. Whos going to _? A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It cant be better than _of him. A. hers B. she C. that D. her1-5DBDCD 6-10DDAAC11. -Shall we introduce _ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary. A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones13. -I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_. I prefer folk music. A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither15. Why don t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _ in the team. A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else16. -Are the new methods taking any effect?-Yes,_ articles are stolen from our supermarket. A. few B. more C. some D. none17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_ brought the room to disor