成人英语三级阅读理解训练.doc

成人英语三级阅读理解训练（1）（含详解）Hillary Rodham Clinton released the first television spot of her Senate campaign this morning, a 30-second commercial that will begin airing statewide on Thursday. The spot, titled “First,” uses numerous still photos to highlight landmarks in Mrs. Clintons career, while the voiceover says she is “more than a first lady.”There is no mention of Mrs. Clintons rival for New Yorks Senate seat, New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.Clinton campaign spokesman Howard Wolfson said the ad was “positive” and “biographical,” instead of focusing on the first ladys opponent.Mrs. Clinton has previously aired radio ads, but has generally stayed with a strategy of making extensive campaign appearances instead of using television spots, while Giuliani has already run statewide TV ads.Text of Hillary Commercial:First she became a lawyer, named one of the top hundred in America.Her first cause was children, fighting abuse and chairing the board of the Childrens Defense Fund.Her first priority was public schools, helping to establish teacher testing.More than a first lady. For 30 years, shes fought for children and families.As New Yorks senator, shell fight for better schools and heath care for children.Hillary, Put her to work for all of us.1. What does the word “air” in the first sentence mean?A. dry B. express C. breathe D. broadcast2. What does “more than first lady” in the first paragraph suggest?A. Hillary is not a first lady.B. Hillary does much more than what a first lady is expected to do.C. There are more women in America who does better than Hillary does.D. Hillary is doing better than her husband.3.Which of the following statement is true regarding the Senator campaign according the passage?A. Hillary has appeared on TV shot for numerous times.B. Hillary rarely makes her public appearance.C. Giuliani has made TV advertisement for himself.D. Hillary has a bigger chance to win the campaign.4. Hillarys campaign focuses on all the flowing except_.A. childrens health careB. school education for childrenC. combating child abuseD. family planning policy5.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A. First Ladys Senator CampaignB. Hillarys TV AdvertisementC. A Rivalry for New Yorks Senate SeatD. The Focuses of Hillary Campaign难点1 今早，希拉里竞选纽约州议员的电视演说拉开了序幕；Hillary Rodham Clinton：希拉里；美国现任总统克林顿夫人。Spot:（在无线电广播、电视中播出的）短小节目；commercial:宣传2这句话的意思是该电视节目特别播出了希拉里政绩上的一些重要照片。Highlight:突出；landmark：（具有转折意义的）重大事件3 Voiceover：旁白；话外音4 Biographical:关于一个人的材料的；美国，一般的竞选广告都包括竞选双方的资料，但是在该电视广告里，只播放了希拉里的资料，所以克氏竞选团的发言人说，这次广告具有肯定意义。5 Strategy:策略6 Abuse：虐待答案1.D考点：该题是一个词汇题解析：本题提问的是第一段中的“air”是什么意思。由这句话我们可以得知，希拉里今天早晨发表了她竞选纽约州议员的电视宣传；为时30分钟的电视宣传将于星期二开始进行全国播放。由该句的意思我们可以猜出“air”的意思为“播放”。所以，答案为D。而其他三个词A（晒干），B（表达）和C（呼吸）均与原义不符，故不能入选。2B考点：这是一个理解判断题。解析：本题提问的是第一段里“more than first lady”是什么意思。在世界各地，第一夫人作为国家元首的妻子，是一国之母，她的形象一般是一个帮助总统处理好家务，并且进行一些妇女活动和慈善事业，借此来提高元首的形象。但是，希拉里作为第一夫人，她所做的超出了第一夫人的职责。她不但在社会活动中经常露脸，而且直接参与政事，开始竞选起议员来了。所以，选项B应该是该题的答案。3C考点：这是一个对原文事实的理解题。解析：本题提问的是对此次参议院竞选，以下哪一个说法是正确的。文章的第四段告诉我们，希拉里以前曾经在广播上作过宣传，但是她一直采取的战略是频频在公众场合出现，而不是使用电视宣传；与她不同的是，Giuliani已作过全国电视宣传。由该段可知，选项C为正确答案。从文章的第一句话我们可以得知，这是希拉里第一次在电视上为自己作宣传，所以，选项A和B不符合原文；此次议员竞选，花落谁手尚未分晓，所以，选项D也不能入选。4D考点：这是一个对原文细节的分析判断题。解析：本题提问的是以下哪一下不是希拉里的竞选重点。希拉里的竞选广告在文章的最后几段里；它的重点是学校教育；作者评论道，在过去的30年里，希拉里一直都在为儿童和家庭的幸福斗争。将来当了纽约的参议员，她会为孩子们的良好教育和健康保险而努力；由此我们得知，选项A（儿童健康保险）B（儿童的学校教育）和C（打击虐待儿童现象）都是她的竞选重点，只有选项D（计划生育政策）与原文不合，所以，D为本题答案。5A考点：该题是一个主旨题，考的是文章的题目应该是哪一个。解析：本文从第一夫人希拉里-克林顿为其入选纽约参议员拉开序幕讲起，对目前的竞选状况作了一个大概介绍，并且对希拉里的竞选内容作了一个介绍，同时，作者表达了他自己的观点；整篇文章以介绍她的竞选情况为主，所以，选项A（第一夫人竞选参议员）用以概括全文最为全面，因此，A为正确答案。成人英语三级阅读理解训练（2）（含详解）Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problemhow to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campuss six buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildingstheaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery.” A few modern buildings recover heat, but the Universitys system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it _.A. was difficult to collectB. came in a variety of formsC. was difficult to get rid ofD. tended to be absorbed by physical objects2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.3.The phrase “even in winter” (in line 8) most nearly means _.A. if the winter is especially warmB. during all of the year except the winterC. in the winter as well as in other seasonsD. during the evenings in the winter4. The phrase “heat recovery” refers to a _.A. method of concealing the source of heatB. special form of air conditioningC. supplementary hot water systemD. way of reclaiming and re-using heat5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?A. A fat female who studies hard.B. A thin female who does not study.C. A fat male who does not study.D. A thin male who studies hard.一、文章大意和总体结构分析这篇文章，向我们介绍了一种全新的能量利用方式，收集人体热能用于供热。在大力提倡环保的当今社会，这种能源的回收再利用意义重大，这篇文章开阔了学生的视野。文章的开头作者便提出身体热能这个人人皆知的概念，虽然我们知道身体会排除热量，但是却从未想过去利用这些热量。第二句作者便将读者带入一个全新的视角，即如何在生活中利用这些热量。匹兹堡大学的例子很好地证明了人体热量的利用价值。接下来，作者比较详细地介绍了这种利用人体热量的系统，即热量回收再利用，并指出已经有一些大楼正在利用这种自然、环保的资源。最后一段，作者向我们介绍了一项有趣的研究成果，即身体强壮、学习刻苦的男性会排放出更多的热量。二、试题详解1C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it。Dispose of “处理解决”。2B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何conventional fuel3C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚至”。4D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。5B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。三、文章长难句分析Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. 男学生散发的热量多于女学生，并且身体体积越大，产生的热量就越多。Emit排放、散发。The more, the more,为固定句式，意为“越，越”。四、核心词汇no matter无论；gives off散发；conventional fuel常规燃料；heat recovery热能回收；a greatdeal 大量；the more, the more 越，越成人英语三级阅读理解训练（3）（含详解）America is in no immediate danger of “running out of water”. People in the West have been aware that water is a precious commodity and must be conserved. In the damp East, an excess of water led to complacency until two factors created concern over our water supply. First, the periods of drought from the 1961 to 1966 in the Northeast affected crop production and used up the surface and ground water supplies. Second, attention was called to rapid increases in the rates of pollution of these waters resulting from increased urban and industrial growth. As a result, there is an increasing awareness of the need for conserving the quantity and quality of our nations water supplies.Water is a renewable resource, but it is not exhaustible. When used for municipal, industrial, or agricultural purposes, it is not destroyed, but generally finds its way back into our water supply. This used water now carries some waste materials. These dirty waters are often dumped into large bodies of water or are disposed of on land. In the latter instance, evaporation concentrates some of the wastes on the soil surface. On the other hand, water moving through the soil will eventually carry some of the wastes down into the ground water supplies, Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.Through this never-ending cycle, there is just as much water in this country now as there ever was. The amount, however, does not increase. Our rapid population growth and our agricultural and industrial expansion have caused our water needs to soar. By withdrawing water from streams too quickly, we have in some instances upset the balance of natures built-in renewal processes for conserving water. As a result, some of our streams and lakes have become “wet deserts.” There is still plenty of water in them, but its water is so polluted that it supports almost no life at all.1.The passage is mainly about_.A. water resources of the United StatesB. the renewal processes of water in matureC. the importance of water conservationD.water pollution in America2. The word “drought” in the sentence “First, the periods of drought-ground water supplies.” Most probably means_.A. catastrophe of too much rainB. danger of running out of waterC. calamity dry weatherD. damage caused by typhoon3. Water is relatively purer in_.A. fast moving streams and riversB. underground water suppliesC. mountainous areasD. rain and snow4. When the author says that lakes have become “wet deserts”,._A. he is being angryB. he is being optimisticC. he is being sadD. he is being humorous5. It is implied in the passage that_A. water can be polluted by desertsB. there are many water conservation programs in AmericaC. water keeps evaporating from the earths surfaceD. water is not polluted by waster materials难点1.run out of用完，耗尽2.commodity商品，货物3.complacency自满，满足4.drought长期干旱，旱灾5.result from是-的结果，由于-而发生6.inexhaustible用不完的，无穷尽的7.municipal市政的，市办的8.dispose of处理，丢掉，清除9.evaporation蒸发10.withdraw提取，取回11.deposit放下，放置答案1.C考点：这是一道典型的文章主旨题。解析：文章第一段的最后一句话是文章的中心思想，指出人们越来越意识到保护水的量和质的必要性。第二、三段主要讨论节约用水和水污染 的危害。第二段指出，水虽然百一种可再生的资源，但并不是用之不竭；第三段说，人口的急剧增加，工农业的快速发展使得用水需求高涨并造成严重的水污染。综上所述，我们可以看出，文章主要讨论保护水资源的重要性。选项A、B、D都是以偏概全。2C考点：这是一道理解题。解析：题目要求猜测“drought”一词的含义，我们可以通过这个词的上下文来理解它的意思。文章第一段第四句说，1961至1966年东北部地区的drought影响了农作物的生产，使地表水和地下水供应枯竭。据此我们可以推断出这个词的含义是旱灾。3D考点：这是一道细节题。解析：答案在文章第二段的最一句：“Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.”（最终所有的水蒸发，然后以更加纯净的形式降雨或降雪回到地球。）4D考点：此题考察学生对作者态度的理解。解析：文章第三段最后一句很好地解释了“wet desert”的含义，即：一些河流、湖泊中有大量的水，但污染非常严重，几乎所有的生物都不能使用。根据这个解释，我们可以理解作者说这番话的心情，作者面对这样一种情况只能感到悲哀，而不是愤怒，因为愤怒无济于事，更不是感到乐观或幽默。5C考点：此题考察学生的判断能力。解析：根据文章第二段的最后一句：“Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.”，我们可以推断出水不停地从地球表面蒸发掉，然后在高空中变成水的固态形式。选项A和D与文章内容不符。选项B在文章中没有提及。成人英语三级阅读理解训练（4）（含详解）In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone awry. Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.1.What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To look back to the early days of computers.B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.C. To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.2.According to the passage, initial concerns about computers were that they might_A. lead us into the post-war eraB. be quite widespreadC. take controlD. take over routine tasks3.The passage recommends those dealing with computers to_A. be reasonably skeptical abort themB. check all their answersC. substitute them for basic thinkingD. use them for business purposes only4.An “internal computer” is_A. a computer uses exclusively by one company for its own problemsB. a persons store of knowledge and the ability to process itC. the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buyD. a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable5.The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is_A. challengingB. psychologicalC. dramaticD. malfunctioning难点1.widespread 普遍的，广泛的2.relieve 减轻，解除，使得到解脱3.dramatic 引人注目的，突然的4.foreseen 预见的，预知的5.reluctant 不情愿的，不愿意的6.authority 权威7.malfunction 发生故障，发生功能障碍8.invest 投资；花钱买；耗费，投入9.rely on 依赖，依靠10.go awry 出岔子，失败；（人）背离正道11.substitute 代替物，代用器答案1.D考点：这是一道典型的文章主旨题。解析：文章分析了人们过分依赖电子计算机这一问题，在结尾向人们提出了忠告：尽管电子计算机可以提供各种帮助，但是它不应被视为代替人们基本思维和推理的东西。文章主要目的是警告人们在心理上对计算机不要采取懒惰的态度。2.C考点：这是一道细节题。解析：问题的答案在文章的第一句之中：“In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.”（在计算机历史的前期即战后初期，人们普遍担心计算机可以能会代替人类统治世界）选项C与这一句的含义完全一致，故为正确答案。3.A考点：这是一道推断题。解析：文章第二段第二句说：“Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days.”由此我们可以推断出，文章建议那些与计算机打交道的人应该对它们采取合理的怀疑态度。4.B考点：这是一道理解题解析：理解：“internal computer”的含义的关键是确定“internal”的意思。这个词几个基本含义：内部的，体内的，内在的。从它所在的上下文来看，它的意思是：“体内的”。“internal computer”是一种比喻说法，指人的大脑，它比计算机更聪明、更复杂，具有储存知识和运用知识的能力。因此，选项B是正确答案。5.B考点：这是一道推断题。解析：根据文章内容我们得知，当今电子计算机的问题既不是令人深思的也不是容易出故障。而选项C与文章内容不符。它的问题是人们在心理上过分信赖它，对它的能力毫不怀疑。2009成人英语三级考试经验交流：阅读技巧（上）一、概述阅读理解（Part I Reading Comprehension），共15题，考试时间40分钟。要求考生阅读三篇短文，总阅读量不超过900个词。每篇文章后有五个问题，考生应根据文章内容从每题中选出一个最佳答案。短文选材的原则是：1题材广泛。包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、热门话题及科普常识等。但所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解。2体裁多样。包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。3文章的语言为中等难度。无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，如超出全日制文理科教学大纲中词汇表一至三级的范围，则用汉语注明词义。二、考核内容三级英语考试中的阅读理解部分是对应试者阅读能力的一次综合性检测。根据统测考试大纲的要求，主要测试以下6大类问题：1 提问文章主要观点比如会经常出现下列提问形式（选择题题干）：（1） Which of the following is the main point of the passage？（2） The author is primarily concerned with.考生应当排除文中的次要观点，归纳和总结其中的主要观点或中心思想，或者基本目标。2 提问文中的具体论据（1） The author mentions which of the following？（2） According to the author（3） The author provides information that would answer which of the following questions.这类提问主要用来测试考生理解文中各个论据的能力，区别文中的主要观点的能力。考生不公应仔细阅读，还要有耐心各信心选择正确答案。3 提问文章的逻辑结构（1） The author develops the passage primarily by（2） Which of the following best explains why the author introduces？或者提问作者采用何种途径说明事由，或者论证作者的论据是否充分，凡此都用来检验考生对文章的理解能力和评论能力。4 寻求文章的推断观点（1） The passage implies that（2） It can be inferred from the passage that（3） Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？它要求考生能推断话语中深层含义或弦外之音。因此考生要学会理解作者的内涵和反义，或者作者选用某一词语的比喻用法。5 猜测某一单词或短语的具体含义（1） The phrase“”in the context means（2） The word“”most nearly means（3） Which of the following is closest to the word“”in paragraph 2？这要求考生具有根据构词法或上下文猜测词汇或短语的能力。6 作者的观点和态度（1） The authors attitude towards（2） Whats the authors opinion about？这不仅用来测试考生在其他场合下如何应用作者思想的能力，而且检验考生识别事理关系能力，文中必有充分论据支持作者的态度、观点和信仰等。三、考试常见问题在三级英语统一考试中，许多考生在阅读理解部分失分较多。究其因主要有以下几个方面：1阅读方法欠妥，速度较慢许多考生在准备考试的过程中，把注意力集中在语法结构分析和单个词汇记忆上，从而忽视了阅读数量及阅读速度，导致在应试时慌乱，不知所云。阅读时把精力集中在每个单词的含义上，一字一字地读，造成“只见树不见森林”的结果。不会根据不同的题型采用不同的阅读方法，从而影响了阅读速度和效果。2对生词的恐惧心理许多同学在阅读中一遇到生词就暗徨恐惧心理，这样就影响了正常水平的发挥。其实，在阅读测试中，考的并不是词汇，而是阅读技能，其中一个技能就是如何通过上下文线索以及构词法猜出，帮助考生理解文章大意。即使有些词猜不出其意思，也不要紧，只要不影响答题就不必去管它。3对句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系不重视许多考生对篇章句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系及信号词不够重视，从而导致理解和答题的片面性，跟不上作者的思路，分不清文章的层次结构，抓不住段落要点，直接影响了考试成绩。4不熟悉试题类型及解题方法考生对试题类型，提问方式及解题办法不熟悉是导致阅读测试失败的一个重要因素。所以，考生应该学会如何判断题的类型：是直接型试题，还是间接型试题；答题信息是牵涉整篇文章，还是只涉及文章的某一部分。四、解题技巧及方法（一）阅读方法1根据上下文，猜测词义在做阅读题时，考生不可能知道所有词汇的意义，不可避免会遇到不认识的词汇或固定短语。只要生词不多，考生通过提高自己的猜词能力，同样可以理解一个句子、一个段落，乃至一篇文章的含义。（1） 考生通过构词法猜测词义1） 派生法有些单词是由前缀或后缀加上词根构成。如：in+correct=incorrdctuse+ful=useful2）合成法有些单词是由两个单词合成的。如：green+house=greenhouseice+box=icebox3）缩略法有些单词由于所含的字母太多，在文章中出现时，通常用缩略的形式。如：advertisementad.Laboratorylab.4）拼缀法有些单词是由两个单词拼缀而成的，但与合成词不同的是拼缀后的单词并不是两个单词的简单相加。如：smoke+fogsmog（烟雾）Chinese+EnglishChinglish（中文式英文）（2） 考生通过分析生词所在的句子、段落的上下文，运用自己所掌握的语法构词法以及对其背景的了解，可以决定许多词在特定句子、段落中的内在涵义。运用上下文猜测词义，必须注意以下几点：1） 利用句子中自己能理解的其他词汇用句子的基本含义来推断生词的词义。2） 运用所掌握的英语语法和表达句子中各部分关系的标点符号来判断生词的含义。3） 仅仅要求了解该生词的大概意义，不一定要明白该词汇的定义或同义词。2略读略读（或称为跳跃式阅读）的重点在于找出一个段落的中心思想。可以运用词汇手段（如词根、前缀、后缀等）、靠上下文猜测词义等方法了解不认识的词汇或句子的含义。在此基础上，一个不容易理解的段落可以通过词汇省略的方法找出其主要的思想或观点。段落的理解在很大程度上取决于对其中句子的理解。英语中由于存在许多从句，常常使不适应英语思维的人感到困惑，产生错觉，因而难于达到对段落意义的正确理解。略读则可以帮助我们解决这个难点。