AlfredTennyson丁尼生.ppt

Alfred LordTennyson poetlaureate 1850 spokesmanfortheideasandvaluesofhistime AlfredTennyson 1 thefourthsonofaclergymaninthecountry2 enteredCambridgein18273 madeLaureatePoetin18504 createdabaronin18845 becameacourtpoet6 anadmirerofKeats 作者简介阿尔弗雷德 丁尼生 AfredTennyson 1809 1892 生于林肯郡的萨默斯比的一个牧师家庭 少有诗名 12岁时便写出了6000行的史诗 18岁时与其兄出版了 两兄弟诗集 PoemsbyTwoBrothers 1827 1828年 丁尼生进入剑桥大学 继续诗歌创作 并结识哈勒姆 ArthurHenryHallam 1831年 因父亲去世 丁尼生被迫辍学 两年后 他的挚友哈勒姆又英年早逝 使他深受打击 此后10内未发表诗作 在此期间 丁尼生贫困潦倒 但仍然在写诗 1842年 丁尼生又开始发表新诗 从此诗名与日俱增 1850年 他被封为桂冠诗人 丁尼生是维多利亚时期的主要诗人 他的诗歌语言极富音乐感和表现力 其主要诗作有 公主 ThePrincess 1847 悼念 InMemoriamA H H 1850 毛黛 Maud 1855 伊诺克 阿登 EnochArden 1864 和 国王之歌 IdyllsoftheKing 1859 1885 等 VictorianpoetryTheVictorianageproducedtwogreatEnglishpoets Browning Tennyson Theirpoetrywascharacterizedbyexperimentswithnewstylesandnewwaysofexpression BrowninghaspavedthewayformodernEnglishpoetryinthetwentiethcentury Victorianpoetrydevelopedinthecontextofthenovel Poetssoughtnewwaysoftellingstoriesinverse AllpoetsshowthestronginfluenceoftheRomantics butcannotsustaintheconfidencetheRomanticsfeltinthepoweroftheimagination VictorianpoetsoftenrewriteRomanticpoemswithasenseofbelatedness Dramaticmonologue theideaofcreatingalyricpoeminthevoiceofaspeakerironicallydistinctfromthepoetisthegreatachievementofVictorianpoetry 1 LifeStory Tennyson Bornin1809 atSomersbyinLincolnshire Hisfatherwasavicar Thewholefamilylivedbygiftfromlandedproprietors severedepression GraduatedfromCambridge 1830 1831 1832 Publishedhisfirstvolume Appearedhissecondvolume notwellreceived leaveCambridge TheMiller sDaughter 磨坊主的女儿 TheMayQueen 五月女王 HebeganhislongseriesofidyllsofEnglishlife 1836 WenttolivenearLondon for10yearshepublishednothing 1842 Cameforthwith2volumes EstablishedTennyson scareerasawriter 1847 ThePrincess 公主 appearedAboutthehigheducationofwomen 1850 InMemoriam 悼念 1859 1885 IdyllsoftheKing 国王之歌 Deathin1892 2 HisMajorPoeticalWorks InMemoriam 悼念 1833 1850 131shortpoems thedeathofafriendArthurHenryHallam relationsbetweenreligionandscience IdyllsoftheKing 国王之歌 1850 1885 12metricaltales KingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable Tennyson sBest knownShortPoems Break Break Break 拍吧 拍吧 拍吧 CrossingtheBar 穿过沙洲 sadnessoverthelossofadearfriend combiningnaturewithhisinnerworld MajorWorks PoemsbyTwoBrothers 兄弟诗集 Poems ChieflyLyrical 抒情诗集 Poems 诗集 Ulysses 尤利西斯 Morted Arthur 摩尔特 亚瑟 Dora 朵拉 TheGardener sDaughter 园丁的女儿 ThePrincess 公主 Tears IdleTears 泪水 无聊的泪水 Comedown OMaid 来吧 美人 SweetandLow 甜蜜与低缓 TheSplendorFalls 壮美的瀑布 InMemoriam 悼念 Rizpah 里兹帕 MerlinandtheGleam 魔法师与灵光 CrossingtheBar 跨越沙洲 IdyllsoftheKing 国王诗歌集 Break BreakBreak 1 ItwaswritteninmemoryofA H Hallam Tennyson sclosestfriend HallamdiedsuddenlyofastrokeinViennaattheageof22 ThesuddendeathofhisfriendplungedTennysonintogreatsorrow whichfoundtheexpressioninthisexquisitelittlepoem 1 Whydidtheauthorwritethispoem 2 Pleaseanalyzethestressofeachlineandthatofthestanza 3 Whateffecthasbeenachievedbythevariationofthestress 2 Thefirstlineseemstobethegiven thestartingpointforthecreationoftheform Threebleakrepeatedwords threestresses Inclassicalmetricsthereissuchafoot Itiscalledamolossus Thesecondlineseemstohavefourstresses althoughitcanbereadasathree stressline Theformofthefirststanzaissthree stress per linestanzaoffourlines aquatraininwhichthesecondandfourthlinesrhyme Andthisiscertainlytheformofthesecondstanza whichcomesacrossasamuchmoreregularpieceofversificationthanthefirst Inthethirdstanza thethirdline afourthstressisaddedtothepattern Andthevariationisrepeatedinthelaststanza puttinganextrastressintothethirdline Tennyson sloveforHallamandhisgriefathisdeathwereexpressedpassionately Inthispoem thelinethatintroducesthevariation ButOforthetouchofavanishedhand isalsothelinethattellsforthefirsttimewhattheunutterablegriefisabout Thelinevaries itexpands becauseitsuddenlyhasanextrafreightofemotion Publishedin1842 itisoneofTennyson sfirstattemptstoexpresshisgriefoverthedeathofArhturHallamandoneofhismostanthologizedpoems Inthispoem hecontrastshisownfeelingofsorrowwiththecarefreejoysofthechildrenatplayandtheyoungsailoratwork andwiththeunfeelingmovementsoftheshipandtheseawaves Therepetitivebeginningofthefirstandthelaststanzaindicatesnotonlytheindifferent mechanicalmovementoftheseawavesbutisalsoanechooftherushesofgriefoftheheart brokenpoet Thefive O saretheexclamationsofonewhosemourningheartisfilledwithanunutterableandyetuncontrollablelongingandsorrowandofonewhowishes thatmytonguecouldutterthethoughtsthatariseinme Andthelines O inthesecondandthethirdstanzaareleftunfinishedasissuitableforadeep mourningman Thereisgoodreasonforthem thechildrenandthesailorlad toshoutandsingwithjoy butthereisnochanceformetofeelthetouchandhearthevoiceofmydearfriendagain Understanding Break Break Break 1 TypeofWorkandDateofComposition Break Break Break isalyricpoemthatAlfredTennyson 1809 1892 wasbelievedtohavecompletedin1834 ItcentersonTennyson sgriefoverthedeathofhisbestfriend ArthurHallam afellowpoet Inthispoem thepoet sownfeelingsofgriefstandsinsharpcontrastwiththecarefree innocentjoysofthechildrenandtheapatheticmotionoftheshipandthewaves Lyricalpoetrypresentsthedeepfeelingsandemotionsofthepoetasopposedtopoetrythattellsastoryorpresentsawittyobservation Alyricpoemoftenhasapleasingmusicalquality ThewordlyricderivesfromtheGreekwordforlyre astringedinstrumentinusesinceancienttimes 2 RhymeSchemeandMeterLines2and4ofeachstanzahaveendrhyme Themeterinthepoemvaries buttheanapesticfootcreatesthemusicalityofthepoem asinthefollowinglines iambanapestanapestiambButO fortheTOUCH ofaVAN ishedHAND anapest anapestanapestAndtheSOUND ofaVOICE thatisSTILL 3 RhetoricalDevicesFollowingareexamplesoffiguresofspeechandotherrhetoricaldevicesin Break Break Break Apostrophe Lines1and2 Thenarratoraddressesthesea PersonificationandmetaphoralsooccurinLines1and2 forthepoetregardstheseaasahumanbeing Alliteration Line8 boatonthebay Lines9 12 Stanza3usesthisfigureofspeechasfollows AndthestatelyshipsgoonTotheirhavenunderthehill ButOforthetouchofavanishedhand Andthesoundofavoicethatisstill Alliteration Line15 daythatisdeadRepetend Line13repeatsLine1 Line7repeatsthefirsttwowordsofLine5 Paradox Touchofavanishedhand Line11 soundofavoicethatisstill Line12 4 ThemesGriefThemainthemeisbereavement heartache emptiness Inthenarrator sdarkhourofgrief thesunrises childrenlaugh businessgoesonasusual Howcouldtheworldbesocruelandunfeeling PreciousnessofYouthTennyson sfriend ArthurHallam wasonly22whenhedied TheshockofHallam sdeathimpresseduponTennysonhowpricelessyouthis Tounderscorethisidea andtoexpresstheagonyhesuffersatthelossofyoungHallam Tennysonpresentsimagesofyouthfuljoy thefisherman ssonplayingwithhissisterandthe sailorlad singinginthebay IndifferenceofNatureNaturecontinuestofunctionaccordingtoitsrhythmsandcyclesregardlessofwhathappens goodorbad tohumanbeings Thetemperaturemayplummetjustwhenapoorfamilyrunsoutoffuel Thesunmayshineandthebirdsmaysinginthemiddleofthebloodiestofbattles Andtheseawillriseandfallinadefiant unrelentingrhythmthatrefusestoacknowledgetragedyintheeverydaylifeofaveragemen Tennysonlamentsthiscoldindifferencein Break Break Break 5 SummaryThenarratorgrievesthelossofhisfriend ArthurHenryHallam apromisingpoetandessayistwhohadbeenengagedtoTennyson ssister Emily Hallamdiedofastrokein1833whenhewasonly22 Nature ofcourse doesnotstoptomournthelossofanyone Coldandindifferent itcarrieson thewavesoftheoceanbreakingagainstrocksalongtheseashorewithoutpausingevenforamoment Therestoftheworldcarriesonaswell thefisherman sboyhappilyplayingwithhissister thesailormerrilysinging theshipbusilyplyingthewatersofcommerce Downcast isolatedbyhisgrief thenarratoryearnstotouchthehandofhisfriendoncemore tohearthesoundofhisvoice But no Hallamisgoneforever his tendergrace willneveragainreturn 拍 拍 拍 海浪无情地拍 拍 拍拍到冰冷阴灰的礁石来纵然这世上有千言万语又怎能表达我忧伤的情怀 喔 看那远处渔夫的孩子他叫呀喊呀 和妹妹在玩喔 还有那个年轻的水手在小舟上 歌声唱遍港湾远方那艘豪华的大轮船还在慢慢地向着港湾驶进我仿佛又摸到那已消失的手我仿佛又听见那已消逝的声音 海浪无情地拍 拍 拍拍到峭壁下的礁石来往日的温情已消逝永远永远不再回来 SuchcontrastisverycommontoclassicalChinesepoems Aproperphrasetodescribesuchcontrastis 物是人非 Thethingsarestilltherebutmenarenomorethesameones Herearesomeexamples Ah generationshavecomeandpassedawayFromyeartoyearthemoonslookalike oldandnew Wedonotknowtonightforwhomsheshedsherray Butheartheriversaytoitswateradieu 人生代代无穷已 江月年年望相似 不知江月照何人 但见长江送流水 张若虚 春江花月夜 LastyearIcametoviewthemoonwithmycompeers Butwherearethey nowthatthesceneislikelastyear s 同来望月人何在 风景依稀似去年 赵嘏 江楼感旧 LiteraryTerm Dramaticmonologue Akindofpoeminwhichasinglefictionalorhistoricalcharacterotherthanthepoetspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem Theoccasionisusuallyacrucialoneinthespeaker spersonalityaswellastheincidentthatisthesubjectofthepoem InMemoriam ItwaswrittenbyTennyoninmemoryofA H Hallam hisclosestfriendandthefianceofhissister Asapoeticdiary thepoemisalsoanelaborateandpowerfulexpressionofthepoet sphilosophicalandreligiousthoughts hisdoubtsaboutthemeaningoflife theexistenceofthesoulandtheafterlife hisfaithinthepowerofloveandthesoul sinstinctandimmortality Thefamiliartrance likeexperience mellifluousrhythmandpictorialdescriptionsmakeitoneofthebestelegiesinEnglishliterature AppreciationofUlysses Writteninblankverse itisastoryaboutUlysses kingoftheIthacaIsland aTrojanWarhero Now inhisoldageandthreeyearsbackinhishomeland hecallsonhisoldfollowerstogiveuptheiridlelifeathomeandtosetforthwithhimonfurtherquestsandtravels ThestoryisbaseduponDante saccountofUlyssesonhislastvoyageto exploretheworldandsearchthewaysoflife Thegeneralideaofhisspeechisthatthevalueandsignificanceofhumanlifeliesinlivingittothefull todoandachievesomethingnewwhenoneisalive Andeveninoldage whenoneisweakerinbody hisspiritneverwanes hisheartisasheroicandhiswillasstrongasbefore Theresearchandstrifeendsonlywithlife Suchundyingspiritofadvertureandexplorationinanoldmanisreallyadmirable Inaway itexpressestheunconquerableurgeofmankindtoseekknowledgeandenrichourlifeinthisworld Featuresofhispoetry 1 resorttotheworldofromances classical medievalandEnglish TheIdyllsoftheKing 2 skilledinthelyric thedramaticmonologue 3 perfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglishandconsummatechoiceandtasteinwords Hispoetryvoicesthedoubtandthefaith thegriefandthejoyofEnglishpeopleinanageoffastsocialchanges In1850 hewasappointedthePoetLaureate Tennyson sphilosophicalandreligiousthoughtsarehisdoubtsaboutthemeaningoflife theexistenceofthesoulandtheafterlife andhisfaithinthepowerofloveandthesoul sinstinctandimmortality Tennysonisarealartist Hehasthenaturalpoweroflinkingvisualpictureswithmusicalexpressions andthesetwowiththefeelings HehasperfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglish andasensitiveear anexcellentchoiceandtasteofwords Hispoetisrichinpoeticimagesandmelodiouslanguage andnotedforitslyricalbeautyandmetricalcharm HiswonderfulworksmanifestallthequalitiesofEngland sgreatpoets thedreaminess 朦胧 ofSpenser themajesty 庄严 ofMilton thenaturalsimplicity 自然清纯 ofWordsworth thefantasy 美妙 ofBlakeandColeridge themelody 韵律 ofKeatsandShelly andthenarrativevigor 气势宏大 ofScottandByron 4 CommentonTennyson TennysonistherepresentativepoetofVictorianage HehasperfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglish HisworksarenotonlytheproductsofthecreativeimaginationofapoeticgeniusbutalsoproductsofalongandrichEnglishheritage TennysonwasseverelycriticizedbyImagistpoetsintheearlytwentiethcenturyforhisaffectationandwordiness THEEAGLE TheEagle Heclassthecragwithcrookedhands ClosetotheSuninlonelylauds Ring dwiththeazureWorldhestands ThewrinkledseabeneathbrimcrawlsHewatchesfromhismountainwalls Andalikethunderbolthefalls Howdoyoufeelwhenreadingthispoem Thisshortpoemwasfirstpublishedin1851 Itisamerefragmentofapoem consistingofonlysixlines FirstitappearedintheseventheditionofPoems thenitwasalsoincludedinSelectionsof1885 Inthepoem thereisanimaginative butminutedescriptionofaneagle Ideas 1 apoeminmemoryofhisfriendHallam 2 apoeminpraiseofnoblepersons 3 ahymnofindependenceandfreedom Thepoem consistingofonlytwostanzas isoneofpureimagery Thefirstdescriptionisofaneaglesittingofthesideofamountain whilediggingitstalonsintotherock Theeagle abirdofprey ofstrength size gracefulness keenvisionandpowerofflight ispicturedaslonely Thebird alsoknownforhispowerandstrengthseemsrathersmallagainstitssurroundings Tennysonportrayedaneagleagainstthe backdrop ofanazureskyandmountaininhispoem Althoughtheeagleisaloneandsmallagainstnature itsmajesticstereotypeismaintainedbytheplacementofthebirdatgreatheightorasthepoemstates Closetothesun Theeagle atitsgreatheight isarepresentationofamanatthepeakofhislife clingingondesperately Themountainrepresenttheuniverse Similartotheeagle ssmallnessascomparedtothemountain isman sascomparedtotheuniverse Themanislonelyinthathemustenterandleavetheworldalone Justastheeagleisapartorfragmentofthemountain themanisapartoftheuniverseandtheybothleavewhenthey falloff Bothareencircledbytheir worlds andmuststandorendure Theseadelineateslifeandthereturntoitafterdeathbecauseofthetheorythatstatessuch Thethunderboltcharacterizesdeathinthatbotharesudden effective andmomentary Athunderboltisloudanditdisappearsjustasquicklyasitappears Manwassupposedlybornwater andreturnstohisoriginsafterdeath Thusthewaterbelowthecliffmaintainsthatideaastheeaglepresumablyfallsin Inaddition thelastwordsofeachstanza stands and falls areoppositetoeachotherindefinition Falls isoftenusedtoconveydeath while stands isusedtoconveyendurance Thus fallsandthesuddennessofthethunderbolt togetherconveydeath Paraphrase Withitstwistedclaws theeagleholdstheruggedrockfirmly Thebirdappearstobesittingveryclosetothesuninalonelypartofsomeregions encircledwiththebluesky Belowtherockwheretheeagleissittingisthefurrowedseawhichappearstobeheaving Theeaglelooksupontheseafromtherockymountain andassoonasitfindssomeobjectofprey itswoopsdownwardliketheflashoflightning CriticalAppreciation TheEagleisasmallpoem butrichinpictorialQuality Thepoetdescribesaneaglesittingonahighrocky peakholdingwithitstwistedclawsfirmly Itappearsveryneartothesuninthebluesky Belowthereisfurrowedsea Theeaglepouncesuponitsobjectofpreyfromthehighrocklikeaflashoflightning Thepoemrevealsthepoet spowerofminuteobservationandprecisedelineation Forexample therearesuchmatchesexpressionsas Thewrinkledseabeneathhimcrawls Andlikeathunderbolthefalls etc Sothetextureofthepoemishighlyimaginative Theeagleinthispoemsymbolofoutstandingpersonalityofhumanity uniqueness superiority courage strength heroism nobility Summary Tennysonexpressesadmirationforthebird sbeauty Similes likeathunderbolthefallsPersonification HeclaspsthecragwithcrookedhandsHewatchesHestandsWrinkledseacrawlsRhymescheme AAA BBB Formanddevices 1 singlerhymeineachstanza singlenessandalonenessoftheeagle 2 alliterationinthefirstline thehardconsonant k inthethreewordssuggestshardnessoftherockandfirmnessofthebird Formanddevices 3 imageryorsymbolism theeagleissymbolicofanoblepersonandfreespririt thewrinkledsea themassesorordinarypeople thesun truth Formanddevices 4 contrastbetweenthetwostanzas motionlessnessandthunderbolt likeaction CrossingtheBar CrossingtheBar Sunsetandeveningstar Andoneclearcallforme Andmaytherebenomoaningofthebar WhenIputouttosea Butsuchatideasmovingseemsasleep Toofullforsoundandfoam WhenThatwhichdrewformouttheboundlessdeepTurnsagainhome Twilightandeveningbell Andafterthatthedark Andmaytherebenosadnessoffarewell WhenIembark ForthoughfromoutourbourneofTimeandPlaceThefloodmaybearmefar IhopetoseemyPilotfacetofaceWhenIhavecrossedthebar Hissongivesthefollowinginterestingfactsconcerningitswriting MyfatherheardthemoaningofthebarashecrossedfromAldworthtoFarringford BeforehereachedFarringford hehadthemoaningofthebarinmind andafterdinnerheshowedmethepoemwrittenout Isaid Thatisthecrownofyourlifework Heanswered Itcameinamoment Afewdaysbeforehisdeathhesaidtome Mindyou putCrossingtheBarattheendofalltheeditionsofmypoems CrossingtheBar Maybetakenashisfarewellwordfourquatra