高中英语语法系列动名词.doc

高中英语语法系列动名词 I .概说动名词 ( v + ing )是动词的另一种非谓语形式。它在句中起名词作用，可单独或构成动名词短语在句中作主语 ( 1 ) , 表语 ( 2 ) ，定语 （3）或宾语（4）：(1) Writing headlines in English is not an easy job .(2) My job is teaching English .(3) He is preparing the opening speech.(4) I enjoy learning about new things.动名词的基本形式：主动形式 被动形式一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done II功能 A .主语（5）Talking mends no holes . (6 ) Smoking may cause cancer . 也可以在下列结构中作主语： ( 6 ) Its no use sending him over . Its too late . ( 7 ) Its no good smoking . ( 8 ) Its a waste of time doing it . B . 表语 ( 9 ) The only thing that interests her is dancing . ( 10 ) Seeing is believing . (= To see is to believe .) 注 动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般说来，在表示具体行为时，多用不定式；表示一般行为时，多用动名词。有时两者可以互用。 ( 11 ) Smoking is banned here .cf . It isnt good for you to smoke so much . ( 12 ) Their job is building houses .cf . Our task now is to finish our homework . C . 定语 ( 13 ) a swimming pool ; a walking stick ; a dining room D . 宾语 ( 14 ) I enjoy working here very much . 注 下面动词只能接动名词作宾语：mind , miss , enjoy , escape , excuse , imagine , practise , postpone , suggest , consider , admit , avoid , advise , allow , require , finish 等。 ( 15 ) I enjoy practicing playing basketball I my spare time . ( 16 ) I suggest doing it immediately . ( 17 ) We should avoid making the same mistake . ( 18 ) How lucky the mouse is ! It missed / escaped being caught . 注 在动词like , hate , love , prefer 等后面，如果表示经常性的动作，多用动名词；如果表示特定或具体的动作，多用不定式。 ( 19 ) I like reading books of this kind . ( 20 ) I like to swim today . 注 在动词stop , go on , remember , forget , regret , try , mean ,cant help 等后动名词和不定式意义差别很大。 ( 21 ) I regret to tell you that you didnt pass the exam . ( 22 ) I regret telling him the truth . ( 23 ) We must try to get everything done in time . ( 24 ) Lets try doing the work some other way . ( 25 ) Senior III means working hard ; I mean to work hard . ( 26 ) Hearing the news , she cant help crying . ( 27 ) I am too busy . I can help to clean the floor for you . 注 动名词（短语）作介词宾语： ( 28 ) I am proud of having a friend like you . ( 29 ) I dont feel like going out today . ( = I would like not to go out ) 记住： 下列短语里的 “ to ” 为介词，后面接动名词：get down to , pay attention to ,look forward to , be ( get ) used to , object to , oppose to , devote to ( 30 ) We are looking forward to (having) a sports meet . ( 31 ) He has got used to getting up early . 记住 ： 有些短语接动名词介词可以省掉 ：be busy ( in )doing , spend ( in ) doing, waste (in)dong, have difficulty ( in )doing , stop /prevent / ban (from ) doing ( 32 ) I have no difficulty ( in ) finding your house . 注 在动词need , want , require, be worth 等动词后动名词用主动形式。 ( 33 ) The house needs repairing . ( = The house needs to be repaired .) ( 34 ) The song is well worth listening to . III . 动名词的逻辑主语和否定式 动名词（短语）作主语时,逻辑主语用所有格；作宾语时可用宾格或所有格，一般多用宾格： (35 ) His ( Toms ) smoking in the office made me unhappy . (36 ) I dont like him smoking in the office . 动名词的否定式直接在动名词前加“not ” (37 ) He felt sorry for nor having done the homework in time .IV . 动名词的完成式和被动式 动名词的一般式表一般性动作或表与谓语动作同时发生的动作；如果要表示动名词所代表的动作在谓语动作之前发生，用动名词的完成式；当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时，动名词用被动式。 ( 38 ) They are all interested in climbing mountains . ( 39 ) I regret not having taken her advice . ( 40 ) He was praised for having made progress in English . ( 41 ) He felt sorry for having done something wrong . ( 42 ) He came without being invited . ( 43) He didnt mind being left alone at home. ( 44 ) He suggested the book being published at once . ( 45 ) He felt sad for having been punished . V . 实战演练 1、She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock by the side of the path. Ato have restedBresting Cto restDrest2、Only one of these books is. Aworth to readBworth being read Cworth of readingDworth reading3、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed. AcatchingBto be caught Cbeing caughtDto catch4、She didnt rememberhim before. Ahaving met Bhave metCto meet Dto having met5、The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind. Abeing tiedBhaving tiedCto be tiedDtied6、I can hardly imagine Peteracross the Atlantic Ocean in five days. AsailBto sailCsailingDto have sailed7、You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regretthat. Ato doBto be doingCto have doneDhaving done8、Trythe back door if nobody answers the front door. Ato knock atBknocking at Cand knock atDand knocking at9、We have to do something to stop wild animals. Akilling Bto be killedCbeing killed Dto kill10、The little boy entered the classroom without. AnoticingBnoticedCbeing noticedDnotice11、Were consideringEnglish in pairs after class. Apractising speakingBpractising to speak Cto practise speakingDto practise to speak12、I apologize formy promise. Anot to keep Bbeing keptCnot having keptDhaving not kept13、The nurse suggested the old man, for he had a long time to wait. Ato sit downBsit downCwould sit downDsat down14、I dont feel liketo the cinema. AgoBgoingCgoneDto go15、In some parts of London , missing a bus means _ for another hour . A . waiting B . to wait C . wait D . to be waiting 16 、One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them . A . co