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ContemporaryBritishCultureandSociety Chapter1APanoramicViewoftheBritishLandAutumnSemester Sept 2009LiXue Objectives InthischapterwewilllookatsomegeneralfeaturesofBritainandsetthesceneforthemoredetailedexaminationofparticularaspectsoflifetherewhicharedealtwithinlaterchapters FocalQuestions WhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof WhatisthedifferencebetweentheUnitKingdom GreatBritain andEngland WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom Wheredomostpeoplelive Procedures PresentationbyStudents FocalquestionsLecturesbytheteacherClassdiscussionAssignmentforthenextchapter PhysicalFeatures Fullname theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandShortnames UK orBritainBritainconsistsofEngland Wales ScotlandandNorthernIreland TheBritishIslesisatraditionaltermusedtoidentifythegroupofislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofEuropeconsistingofGreatBritain Irelandandthemanysmalleradjacentislands Area 242 514sqkmLength 1000kmWidth 500kmPhysicalrelief highinthenorthandwest lowinthesouthandeastPopulation 59 834 900Englandisthelargestcountryandhasthelargestpopulation NationalFlagTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland TheUnionFlag popularlyknownasthe UnionJack symbolisestheadministrativeunionofthecountriesoftheUnitedKingdom ItismadeupupoftheindividualFlagsofthreeoftheKingdom scountriesallunitedunderoneSovereign thecountriesof England of Scotland andof NorthernIreland since1921onlyNorthernIrelandhasbeenpartoftheUnitedKingdom AsWaleswasnotaKingdombutaPrincipalityitcouldnotbeincludedontheflag TheflagoftheUnitedKingdom knownastheUnionFlagorUnionJack ismadeupfromtheflagsofScotland England theCrossofSaintGeorge andIreland theCrossofSaintPatrick ENGLAND Population 51MillionPeople Anglo Saxons Scots Welsh IrishEarlysettlers Celts 1500BC 43ADCelts43AD 410ADRomanEmpire410 1066Anglo saxons CapitalCity LondonMajorcities Manchester Birmingham Liverpool Newcastle Sunderland ENGLANDcont TheFlagofEnglandistheStGeorge sCross SaintGeorgebecamethepatronsaintofEnglandinthethirteenthcentury andthelegendofSaintGeorgeslayingadragondatesfromthetwelfthcentury Culture Theyhaveartisticcontributionsintheatre literature andarchitecture Nationalsport football language English SCOTLAND TheFlagofScotlandisawhitesaltire X shapedcross representingthecrossoftheChristianmartyrSaintAndrew thepatronsaintofScotland onabluefield ItisnamedtheSaltireortheSaintAndrew sCross TraditionsuggeststhatSt Andrew anapostleofJesusintheChristianreligion wasputtodeathbytheRomansinGreecebybeingpinnedtoacrossofthisshape Overview Population 5 1MillionCapitalcity EdinburghPeople Scots atribeofCelts Picts atribelivingineasternandnorthernScotlandfrombeforetheRomanconquestofBritainunitilthe10thcentury Distributionofarea North West halfofScotland smass thinlypopulated Central mainlivingarea Southern mountainsBenNevis thehighestmountaininBritain historyandCulture Unitedin1603 genuinepoliticalunionin1707GreatestScottishaccomplishmentscomeintheformofscience literature andphilosophy Kilt bagpipes haggis ScottishDance CastlesofScotland WALES Overview Population 2 9MillionRelief highlandCapitalcity CardiffOthermajorcities Swansea Newport Wrexham Culture UnitedwithEnglandin1536 Hasthegreatestconcentrationofcastles nationalparks Famousforitschoirs Nationalsport rugbyLanguage Welsh English CaerphillyCastle SouthWales BeaumarisCastle N Wales Nationalparks Snowdonia breconBeaconsandPembrokeshire NorthernIreland IrishClover orTheshamrock hasbeenregisteredasatrademarkbytheGovernmentofIreland InNorthernIreland itisalsousedbytheNorthernIrelandTouristBoard BadgeofIreland Overview Population 1 6MillionCapitalcity BelfastHassparsepopulationandalargelyruralcountrySlieveDonardisthehighestmountaininNorthernIreland LoughNeagh 396sqkm UK slargestfreshwaterlakeliesinIreland NORTHERNIRELANDcont HistoryandCulture UnitedwithEnglandin1801 dividedintotwopartsin1921 Performadanceknownasthe jig whichtheydotoIrishfolkmusic Veryfestivepeopleanddanceonvariousoccasions Language English andIrish IrishJig climate TherearenoextremecontrastsintemperaturethroughoutBritain Factorsinfluencingtheclimate northerlylatitude closeproximitytotheAtlanticOcean Gulfstream westerlywinds TheGulfStream togetherwithitsnorthernextensiontowardsEurope theNorthAtlanticDrift isapowerful warm andswiftAtlanticoceancurrentthatoriginatesintheGulfofMexico exitsthroughtheStraitofFlorida andfollowstheeasterncoastlinesoftheUnitedStatesandNewfoundlandbeforecrossingtheAtlanticOcean TheprocessofwesternintensificationcausestheGulfStreamtobeanorthwardacceleratingcurrentoffshoretheeastcoastofNorthAmerica Atabout30 W 40 N itsplitsintwo withthenorthernstreamcrossingtonorthernEuropeandthesouthernstreamrecirculatingoffWestAfrica TheGulfStreaminfluencestheclimateoftheeastcoastofNorthAmericafromFlor
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