四六级写作词汇指导.doc

在六级的考试当中，真正需要同学们进行主观输出的题目，莫过于写作部分。而且写作在经过新六级的改革之后，被提到了考试的开头进行考察。这首先就是对于我们英语知识和英语能力的最大挑战。在对同学们的写作进行汇总和分析之后，同学们普遍反映了一个老生常谈的问题：单词量不够。其实这只是中国学生对于自己自信心不够而产生的一种幻觉。单词固然是英语写作之中的重中之重，但是绝对不能成为我们的绊脚石，我们要写好作文，首先就是要做到对英语单词，尤其是六级单词的合理运用，在这里，我利用2007年6月的六级作文题目作为一个模版，详细谈谈在英语写作当中如何做到词汇升级。刚刚考察的六级写作，作文题目是：Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?1. 有人做好事期望得到回报2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3. 我的观点。当遇见如此强悍的题目的时候（注：这里并不是指代这个句子是多么痛苦的长难句，而是指这个句子是如此之长以至于觉得题目非常彪悍），我们应该瞬间考虑到在文章的开头，对题目中的单词进行同义替换的可行性。当考官在万千份写作试卷中不断的从绝望的“模版论文”中寻找更绝望的“三段式八股文”的时候，对题目的单词进行更高层次的同意替换就显得非常的必要。关键是同学们必须明白写作是一个什么过程。写作，无论写什么样的文章，就是对主题进行无穷无尽的扩写和改写。但是在不断的扩写和改写的过程之中，主题的核心内容并不会有所改变。因此，在遇到题目，尤其是冗长的题目的时候，对主题的改写变得非常的必要，避免雷同的产生以及阅卷教师的审美疲劳。我们需要以人为本的写考场作文，这个为本的人就是我们的阅卷老师。因此在改写题目的过程中，要做到以下两点：第一，用来替换的单词或者是词组必须是同义替换，并非歧义替换?竟我要写的题目核心意思是什么。第二，单词必须经过升级处理，比如说简单的词升级为六级词汇，六级词汇的词用词组代替。经过升级的句子，能让老师眼前一亮，就是作文高分的第一基础。一部飞机可以安全的飞行，关键点就是在起飞和降落，根据国际民航组织（ICAO）关于飞机失事的统计，70的飞机事故出现在起飞，20的飞机失事发生在飞机降落，而在平飞的过程中发生的飞机失事只占到了飞机失事总数的10不到，因此，我们可以看出起飞和降落对于飞机的成功飞行具有多么重要的意义。借鉴这样一个观念，我们可以用到一篇文章的成功写作中去。一篇不及格或者低分的文章，问题更多的是出现在文章的开头以及结尾。开头与结尾倘若不能瞬间让老师对文章有深刻的印象，那么一篇文章拿高分的几率也就大大降低了。因此在开篇的第一段就要毅然决然的对文章的题目进行“变脸”。以今年这篇六级文章的题目为例句，我们来一起看看变脸的步骤应该是怎么样的：1)动词变脸。一个句子的核心意思一般是通过名词来表达的，譬如这句话的核心意思是REWARD，那么中间的动词EXPECT在文章中其实是一个指示的作用，因此我们首先应该考虑的不是改动核心内容，而是改动辅助功能选项。在EXPECT这样一个单词面前，我们未免觉得这个应该是高考的核心考察单词，但是到了CET-6这样的考试之中，我们再用这样的单词就未免显得我们的低水平和低素质。在大学英语的第一册，我们就曾经学过一个词组叫做LOOK FORWARD TO DOING STH表示期待的意思，另外在我们常背的六级词汇书中，乃至更低一级的四级考试中，会经常看到一个叫做ANTICIPATE的单词，这些单词其实都是和EXPECT的意思属于可以进行同义替换的单词，我们在替换的时候首先就是要想到这些同义的动词。另外我们在WHEN引导的从句中还看到了一个DOING这样的动词，此时我们脑海中需要瞬间迸发换词的激情。涉及到做事的六级词汇，CONDUCT这个词非他莫属。今后大家请牢记，为自己准备一个词汇升级表格，将你平时学习的过程中，不断的积累你不懂的一切单词并将其归纳。2)名词变脸。在阅读理解之中，我们知道寻找关键词应该是名词，因为名词有助于大家对于文章的中心内容进行定位，尤其是一些特有名词。那么我们在变脸的过程中，需要考虑到的一个问题就是名词的变形。比如说这篇文章里面，一个典型的名词就是REWARD。在面对这样一个既具有名词意义，又有动词意义的单词，我们首选就是考虑将单词的表达方式进行有据变化。比如我们可以考虑将REWARD变成BE REWARDED的这种被动形式，这样就直接改变了单词的词性，由名词变为动词，同时这样的改变也是一种安全的变化。当然，能力更好的同学可是尝试不仅仅改变单词的词性，同时可以替换成为另外一个近义词。REWARD表示的意思是报酬，奖励，那么一个和它意思仅仅有小小区别但是相差不大的单词就是AWARD。这个单词用于表示一种官方的奖励行为。比如说奥斯卡金像奖就是OSCAR AWARD。另外可以进行词义替换的单词就是ONE。我们都清楚，这个题目的意思就是一个人做好事应不应该要报酬。那么表示一个人的单词实际上太多太多了，随便拿起来一个进行替换都是可以的，比如说MAN, INDIVIDUAL, PEOPLE, PERSON。但是在替换的过程中，我们也要考虑到替换的词语会不会过于夸张，比如有的人用HUMAN, HUMAN BEING, 就显得很夸张。那是表示人类的单词，我们不会把文章上升到人类学的角度去看问题，因此我们在使用词义替换升级的同时，应该同时避免使用夸张词汇。全句经过词汇升级之后，不仅仅单词有了升级，语法使用上，句型使用上也进行了进一步的改造，使得老师瞬间对文章的整体有一种美感。升级后的句子可以写成：Should man look forward to being rewarded when conducting a good deed? 这样的句子就是在开头给与老师一个彻底的印象：这个学生太牛了。下面我拿上我的一位学生写的文章给大家详细解析一下如何进行正文的词汇升级，在未来的六级考试中，请大家一定谨记：词汇升级很重要，动词名词排队变，词性近义轮流改，夸张生词决不要。Recently, the issue, a reward expected in doing a good deed, has been sharply brought to public attention.第一段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：Currently, the issue that should man look forward to being rewarded when conducting a good deed is being drastically debated in public.经过词汇升级之后，我们清晰的看到了升级后的句子不仅仅有对于题目的彻头彻尾的改写，同时在用法中加入了类似currently, drastically, debate, in public这样的六级核心词汇，表达的意思与原句并没有太大的出入，但出来的效果显然更加精彩。同时同学们一定会有疑问，老师为什么不用nowadays作为开头呢？虽然他们都表达的意思都可以叫做当今，现在，可是nowadays在论文写作中可以使用，在六级写作的图表写作可以使用，尤其涉及到经济学等学科的时候是可以使用的，另外涉及到科技的发展和社会的进步的情况的时候可以使用，而本文需要阐明的是一种社会现象，在这种情况下，用nowadays显得很夸张以及不合时宜。因此我们在进行词汇升级的时候，一定要记得因地制宜，夸张生词决不要。同时在原句中，学生用到sharply这个单词去表示激烈地，说明学生的词汇量有限，同义替换激烈地，在六级写作中可以使用：drastically, impetuously, intensely, volcanically，这些单词来进行替换。In some peoples opinions, it is reasonable to expect a reward when doing a good deed. First and foremost, “No pay, no gain”. Now that some efforts have been taken, people should gain rewards. Besides, if holding a expectation of rewarding, people would be encouraged to do good deeds. 第二段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：Some people defend that it deserves to be rewarded after a good deed has been done in that they believe that contemporary society has increasingly converted to “money worship” community. Now that expending time, dedicating effort, or even consuming money in doing good deeds, correspondently, it is appropriate to acquire rewards. Besides, rewarding those who have conducted good deeds would inspire them to do more. (最后一句话可写可不写)第二段主要升级的地方有：1从单词角度来说，原先用到的低级单词，词组乃至谚语的使用，比如：In some peoples opinions，reasonable，“No pay, no gain”， gain，encourage，上升到defend，deserves to，converted ，money worship，community ，appropriate，acquire，correspondent，inspire之类的高端词汇。我们可以看到，得到升级的词汇主要还是集中在动词方面。另外，我们在写作的时候可以预见到的就是“No pay, no gain”一定将会成为写作当中的高频词汇并且被其他考生滥用至死。那么我们就应该避免与他人的重复，一个money worship拜金主义，让考官一眼就明白了想要表达的意思。2既然单词升级了，那么句型的用法自然也得到了相应的升级。比如说原先是四句话解决的问题，改变之后就用三句话可以说清楚。同时连接起来相对更加通顺自然，因果，并列，递进，转折，一气呵成，文章的起承转合更加通顺。造成这个的根本原因就是in that这个词组的使用。因此我们在词汇升级的同时，一定要注意到这些基本连词的使用技巧。3. 用以表达认为，猜测，想等心里活动的动词有：suppose，figure，reckon，believe，presume，assume，defend，argue，reason用以表达获得的单词有：obtain，attain，acquire用以表达改变，转变的单词有：divert，convert，alter，transfer，transformIn spite of all these claims, most people agree that there is unnecessary to reward after doing a good deed. Most important of all, doing good deeds should originate in humans heart. Its pleasure to help others. Moreover, Leifeng, doing lots of good deeds without rewards, is regarded as a model. That is to say, praise is beyond a good deed. Finally, it is a responsibility to help others in trouble.第三段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：In spite of above-mentioned statements, the majority still consent that it is dispensable to reward people of doing good. Take Mr. Leifeng as an example, he spent his whole frugal life in aiding and assisting others without any return. Up to the present, people commemorate him in every 5th March. He declined rewards and awards but achieved regards and respects. Therefore, doing good deeds should be based on ones beautiful mind, which is a sort of virtue out of self-consciousness. Meanwhile, doing good deeds incarnates mans social liabilities and obligations.第三段升级的地方有更多：1. 对于单词的升级有：above-mentioned，majority，consent，dispensable，frugal， aiding and assisting，return ，Up to the present，commemorate，declined ，regards and respects，self-consciousness，incarnates，liabilities and obligations。文章中尤其重视了对押头韵的方法写作，使用的单词更是一般学生不会在写作中涉及的单词。比如说到责任，学生会第一时间想到一个词：responsibility。但是在文章中，既然别人都使用这样的高频词汇，那么我们在给与单词升级的时候，就要避免出现这样的高频单词。2文章的结构更加的完美。开头就带入雷锋同志的先进事例，通过举例说明引出为什么不要得到回报的两点原因。这样的文章更能表现出有理推断的写作逻辑。通过改变我们写作的顺续就可以将文章丰满，这也是值得我们去借鉴的地方。Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view. Although it is not an error that getting rewards legally in doing good deeds, I dont think it is virtuous. How can we, being warm-hearted and well-educated people in contemporary society, not do good deeds without rewards?第四段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：Weighing the pros and cons, I am inclined to approve the latter viewpoint. Although reward accepting can hardly be accounted for a blunder, I still deem that doing good deeds without reward should be consistently a favorable custom in the country. I hold this truth as self-evident that ask not what others do for you, ask what you do for others.第四段在变脸之后1词汇升级的部分有：approve，viewpoint，accounted for，blunder，deem，consistently，favorable custom，在最后一段其实是表明自己的观点的同时，对文章的中心论点进行再次的阐明和强调。与其和别人大相径庭的结尾进行模版式的搬弄，还不如在文章的最后进行主题的升华。2文章的最后一句话就是一篇文章的主题的再突出，用了两句名人名言的改写，一个是林肯总统，一个是罗斯福总统的话。让人感觉文章的档次瞬间上升。相比较而言，什么NO PAY NO GAIN这样的土话就请大家以后不要再用了。在改写完成之后，整篇文章的最后形状是这样的：Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?Currently, the issue that should man look forward to being rewarded when conducting a good deed is being drastically debated in public.Some people defend that it deserves to be rewarded after a good deed has been done in that they believe that contemporary society has increasingly converted to “money worship” community. Now that expending time, dedicating effort, or even consuming money in doing good deeds, correspondently, it is appropriate to acquire rewards.In spite of above-mentioned statements, the majority still consent that it is dispensable to reward people of doing good. Take Mr. Leifeng as an example, he spent his whole frugal life in aiding and assisting others without any return. Up to the present, people commemorate him in every 5th March. He declined rewards and awards but achieved regards and respects. Therefore, doing good deeds should be based on ones beautiful mind, which is a sort of virtue out of self-consciousness. Meanwhile, doing good deeds incarnates mans social liabilities and obligations.Weighing the pros and cons, I am inclined to approve the latter viewpoint. Although reward accepting can hardly be accounted for a blunder, I still deem that doing good deeds without reward should be consistently a favorable custom in the country. I hold this truth as self-evident that ask not what others do for you, ask what you do for others.文章进行词汇升级之前，最多在考官的面经过细致的升级和改革之后，本文在实际考试中的打分至少可以得到14分。当然文章可以做得更好，但是需要的是大家能够脱离既定的模版进行写作，否则进行无数次的词汇升级，哪怕是把单词上升到GRE考试的高度上，写出来的文章也不能做到有血有肉。在这样一个写作模版流行的时代，我更希望同学们能够记住一个我自己创造的单词：demodelization。我解释的意思就是去模版化。模版不能说没有用，它在我们考试的时候帮助我们节省了宝贵的时间去思考文章的核心，只要往里面进行拼凑就可以了。可是却丧失了达到作文考察的根本目的：对于已经获取知识的合理运用。因此我们在写作文的时候，第一个考虑的就是将自己所写的文章进行词汇的但方面升级，另外一点就是应该让自己的文章尽量脱离模版来完成。模版不是万能，单词也不是万能，合理的利用所学知识才是永远的万能。1） 也许 perhaps _写作也许使用塑料袋会给我们消费者带来很大的方便。2） 谁逐渐意识到 gradually know _写作人们逐渐意识到环境保护的重要性。3） 应该should do sth. _写作我们应该尽自己的一份力量去提高公众的环保意识。4） 尽力去做什么 try to do sth. _ 写作我们应当努力减少使用一次性塑料袋造成的污染。5） 建议 suggest, advise _ 写作建议人们到超市购物时自带购物工具。6） 谈到、涉及到 talk about sth. _写作当说到环境污染染的时候，我们每个人都有责任去保护环境。7) 非常地 very _写作一次性塑料袋曾经被广泛使用，那时环境污染非常严重。8) 重要的important_写作如果我们每个人都减少一次性塑料袋的使用，这对环境保护非常重要。9) 不同的原因 different reasons_写作造成环境污染的原因是多方面的。10) 举例来说 for example _写作造成环境污染的原因是多方面的，例如人们到处乱扔塑料袋。11) 我认为 I think _写作我认为，限制一次性塑料袋的使用具有重大意义。12) 大多数人 most people the majority of the population13) 我相信 I believe from my standpoint, from my perspective14) 必须 must it is a must for us to15) 知道 know be aware of16) 因为 becausein that17) 最后 at lasteventually18) 然而 buthowever19) 如果 ifprovided that20) 各行各业的人 all kinds of peoplepeople from all walks of life21) 引起，导致 lead tocontribute to22) 人 peopleindividuals23) 好的 gooddesirable, benefitial24) 怀的 badundesirable25) 很多many numerous26) 越来越more and more a increasing/mounting number of27) 很veryextremely28) 方面sideaspects29) 表明 showdemonstrate, indicate30) 利用 useutilize31) 因此/结果sotherefore32) 部分 partproportion33) 提高 improveenhance34) 改变 changetransform35) 强调/重视 emphasize attach great importance to36) 培养 developcultivate37) 破坏 destroyundermine38) 解决 deal with tackle39) 普遍的 everywhereuniversal40) 明显的obviousapparent41) 在当今社会in the modern societyin the current society42) 经常 oftenfrequently43) 使 makeenable an error occurred while processing this directive 【育路四级考试培训网】1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3。dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg： An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。eg:Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.5.a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that替换think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7.affair ,business ,matter替换thing8.shared替换common9.reap huge fruits替换get many benefits )10.for my part ,from my own perspective替换in my opinion11.Increasing(ly),growing替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.eg：sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely替换very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable . 替换 unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in18.capture ones attention替换attract ones attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22. There are several reasons behind sth替换.reasons for sth23.desire替换want.24.pour attention into替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that替换remember26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27. interaction 替换communication28.frown on sth替换be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible相信大家都有这样的感受,明明是背了很多的单词,可写作文时,总是用一些高中或小学的词汇.(又称垃圾词汇),为了更好的克服这样的情况,我总结了一些常用的替代语,希望对大家有所帮助:垃圾词汇1:help典型例句:Ill help you .替代语 accomodate E.g: Ill endeavour to accomodate you.垃圾词汇2: helpful典型例句:Sth is helpful (to sb)替代语 conducive E.g Sth is conducive to sb鉴于有些作文多关于道德和品格塑造,再给出两个有用的短语:time-honored 时代赋予的do credit to our forbears 继承先辈的优秀传统垃圾词汇3:show典型例句:as it shows in the picture替代语 betray垃圾词汇4:think典型例句:i think - -替代语deem垃圾词汇5:ugly典型例句:xxx is ugly替代语 hideous垃圾词汇6:by the way典型例句:by the way,.替代语 incidentally,.垃圾词汇7: because典型例句:xxx because xxx替代语 in that/in as much as E.g: xxx because xxx垃圾词汇8: consider典型例句: We must consider xxx替代语: allow for E.g : We must allow for xxx垃圾词汇10: much典型例句: there has been a much increase in the world population替代语:there has been a drastic increase in the -垃圾词汇11: about典型例句:it is about 250 times of that替代语 it is approximately -垃圾词汇12: buy替代语purchase一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of无数innumerable ; countless许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample非常多(大)的tremendous依序列举list in sequence时间词过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived不合时宜的anachronism可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time一再time after time ; again and again初始的preliminary前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities目前so far ; by far一次就可完成的事one-time event正/反意见(opinion)骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite归咎blameon ; put the blame on ; is to blame瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of不会犯错的infallible意见不和clashes of opinion一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of我们想念we are convinced that; we are certain that.我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive有意义的meaningful; fulfilling他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this在大家同意下by common consent of否定deny; withhold; negate承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use使受益benefit; do good to; is good for; is of great benefit to想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking想出come up with找出come up with; find out利用use; take advantage of夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over对很了解have a deep knowledge of对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority对有信心have confidence in说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter接受之美意embrace the offer of累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble连系tact; get in touch with; contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility等于is equivalent to; equal选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out发出deliver; give out; hand over绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way禁止进入is kept out; is barred from小看make little of坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tellfrom依靠count on; depend on忽视neglect; give too little care to存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account考虑到in consideration of用尽力气exhaust ones strength; use up ones strength开动initiate; set going准备brace for; prepare for在于lie in; rest on; rest with主动take the initiative不算exclusive