九年级英语12单元知识点总结.doc

本单元语法：过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去”已经发生的动作。Mr.Blacktoldmethathehadseenthemoviethreetimes.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。过去完成时的结构是：肯定由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成否定式：hadnot+过去分词缩写形式：hadnt过去完成时的时间状语：表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语。bythetimebytheendofWehadfinishedourhomeworkbefore10oclock.可能通过when,before等引导的从句表示。WhenIgotthere,thetrainhadleft.过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。Katehadntstudiedhard,soshedidntpasstheexamyesterday.【语法归纳】过去完成时与现在完成时的区别两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。例句：WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。（got是一个过去的“时间点”，电影“开始”在我“到达”之前，是“过去的过去”。因为forfiveminutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构beon的过去完成时形式。）注：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个“过去的时间”作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。例句：Hegottotherailwaystationandsuddenlyrealizedthathehadforgottentobringhisticket.他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。（“忘记”这一动作在“意识到”这一动作之前。）1.bythetime+时间状语从句（1）时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来），主句用将来完成时；（2）时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。bytheendof+时间点（1）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（2）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时；by+时间点（1）+现在的时间点，主句用现在完成时；（2）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（3）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.BythetimeJanegetshome,herauntwillhaveleftforBeijing.Bytheendoflastyear,IhadstayedinXinzhengforsevenyears.Bynow,Ihavefinishedallmyhomework.2.leave与forget的用法:(1)leave“遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；(2)forget“忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟todo(忘了要去做)或doing(忘了做过)。remembertodorememberdoing?leaveleftleftv离开(1)leavesth+地点把某物遗忘在某地(2)leavefor+地点(目的地)离开去某地(3)leaveamessage留言askforleave请假leaveschool(中学)毕业(4)leaveonebyoneself=leavesb.alone把某人单独留下3.when的特殊用法“这时，突然”，用于四种结构1)bedoingsth.whenIwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.2)beonthepointofdoingsth.whenShewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang3)beabouttodosth.whenWewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.4).sb.hadhardly/scarcely/barelydonesth.whenWehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.另：beaboutto忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。4.befullof=befilledwith充满，装满fillwith.Thebasketisfullofapples.=Thebasketisfilledwithapples.5.get/go/come/bebacktoschool=returntoschool意为“回到学校”1)getbackto后接表地点的名词，意为“回到某地”;2)getbackto后面接人,可引申为“回复某人的信件，电子邮件，电话”等；3)getback还可表示“回来，返回，拿回，取回”等含义。4)giveback=return归还6.Myalarmclockdidntgooff!gooff发出响声,(闹钟)闹响Thealarmwentoffjustnow.goover复习goaway离开goby(时间)过去goforawalk出去散步goon继续go+doing去做某事gofishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳7.waitinlinewith意为“与排队等候”standinline站成一排cutinline插队8.evenif/eventhough/though/although都可以引导让步状语从句。Evenif=eventhough“即使、纵然”引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情though“虽然”，引出的从句叙述的是事实。IwilltryevenifImayfail.Thoughitwasverylate,hewentonworking.注though和but不能同时出现在句中。9.alive,living,live与livelylively1）live?“活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：a?live?fish?一条活鱼。Do?you?like?a?live?show?or?a?recorded?show?2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：.My?first?teacher?is?still?living?.English?is?a?living?language?.A?living?language?should?be?learned?through?listening?and?speaking?.He?is?regarded?as?one?of?the?best?living?writers?at?present?.注意：living?前加上?the?,?表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如：The?living?must?finish?the?work?of?those?dead?.?living?还可用于短语，例如：make?a?living?bydoing谋生。3）alive?意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限(本来会死但没有死)，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。例如：He?is?dead?,?but?his?dog?is?still?alive?.?He?wanted?to?keep?the?fish?alive.?Thisisafishalive.4）lively?则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：Jenny?is?a?lively?girl?.?Everything?is?lively?here?.?这儿一切都生机勃勃。He?had?a?strange?way?of?making?his?classes?lively?and?interesting?.?live物定语现场的living人/物定语、表语Makealiving/thelivingalive人/物后置定语、表语、宾补生与死的界限lively人/物定语、表语、宾补生气勃勃的,无活着的意思。10.TheotherplaneswerefullsoIhadtowaittillthenextday.till意为“到，直到”，相当于until.用于肯定句时,主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”。ShewatchedTVtillhermothercameback用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（才）”。ShedidntwatchTVtillhermothercameback.11.showup出席onshow=ondisplay展览showoff炫耀showsb.around带某人参观showsb.sth=showsthtosb向某人展示某物12.playtricksonsb.捉弄某人playjokesonsb.对某人开玩笑laughat嘲笑makefunof取笑13.Manypeoplerantotheirlocalsupermarketstobuyasmuchspaghettiastheycould.as+adj./adv.+assb.can/could=as+adj./adv.+aspossible.尽可能的Wemustdoeverythingaspossible.=Wemustdoeverythingaswellaswecan.14.sellout卖光（用物作主语时，常用于被动语态besoldout）giveout分发=handout分发workout解答出（人）runoutof用完（物）runout用完goout出去findout查明lookout=becareful=takecare当心takeout拿出putout熄灭cutout删除15.findout,lookfor与find(1)findout强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如：Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves.(2)lookfor意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。(3)find意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。16.endupdoingsth.（以）结束；Imustmakegooduseofmysparetime,orIwillendupdoingnothing.endupas最终成为Hestartedasanemployeeandendedupasheadofthefirm.endupsth.表示“结束某事”Thescientistendeduphisspeechatlast.endupwithsth.（以）结束ThestudentsbeganwithspeakingEnglish,butendedupwithspeakingChinese.attheendof在末尾intheend=atlast=finally最后17.marryv嫁娶(1)AmarryB.“A与B结婚”BillmarriedMaryonJanuary1,1994.(2)AandBgetmarried=AandBaremarriedA和B结婚getmarried结婚KateandTomgetmarriedlastyear.(3)marryAtoB“把A嫁给B”Shemarriedherdaughtertoarichman.(4)be/getmarriedtosb与结婚18.hear短语hear可用作及物动词，表示“听到”、“听见”，侧重于听的结果。如：Imverysorrytohearthat.hear后面还可以跟that从句，Ihearthatyouvebeenhereforseveralyears.(2)hearof/about是指间接地“听到”“听说”后接名词性质的词。如：Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前从来没有听说过他。hearof与hearabout的意义相近它们含有“听人说起”，“从书报上看到关于”等意义Iveneverheardofhim.我从来没有听说过他。Haveyouheardabouthimfromanywhere?你从什么地方听到过他吗？(3)hearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfromsb.指“收到的来信”其宾语应是人，而不是信。如：Ioftenhearfrommyparents.我经常收到父母的来信。19.get/bedressed穿衣服wear穿，戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。Youdbetterwearblueorblackpantswithblownshoes.puton穿，戴（强调动作）后接衣服、鞋帽等。Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.dress给穿衣服宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”。dressoneself或getdressed表示给自己穿衣服。Itstimetowakeupandgetdressed!in后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。Hewasinanewblackcoat.Thegirlinredismysister.20.keep用法1.keep+形容词2.keep+sth/sb+形容词3.keep+doing一直做某事4.keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoing.阻止做某事。5.keepapet饲养一个宠物6.HowlongmayIkeepthisbook？keep指借。二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共20小题；共20分）21.Io?thismorning,becausemyalarmclockdidntgooff.22.Luckily,thepeopletrappedintheb?buildingwerehelpedout.23.Hewasntdeadafterthetrafficaccident(交通事故)andstilla?now.24.Mr.Wanga?thatwewellhaveapicnictomorrow.25.Whataf?Iwastobelieveheisagoodman!26.Thebeautifulsceneofthatmountainvillagewillprobablyd?foreverbecauseofpollution.27.Herd?aboutthewildanimalswillchangepeoplestraditionalideaabouttheirbehaviors.28.Afterthebellr?,allthestudentsrushedoutoftheirclassrooms.29.Thedoctorskeptonsavingtheoldmant?hewokeup.30.Perhapshelldresshimselfupasaclowninthec?party.31.Ihavenevero?,butyesterdaymyalarmclockdidntgooff.32.Thechildb?hisfingerswhileplayingwithamatchyesterday.33.Hewasstilla?afterheexperiencedtheterribleearthquake.34.Mr.Wanga?thatwewouldhaveapicnictomorrow.35.Itsreportedthatlotsofpeopleweref?bythehoax.36.IdidnttakephotosoftheUFO,becausetheUFOhadd?beforeItookoutthecamera.37.Manynewd?weremadewiththehelpofacompass.38.Sheoftenwearsapairofearr?.39.Weplayedfrombreakfastt?lunch.40.Afriendonceinvitedmetoac?party.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共20小题；共20分）41.Assheisill,wehaveto?(取消)ourtriptotheWestLake.42.Letshopeourdifficultieswillsoon?(消失).43.Shemadesomanymistakeswhenshegaveaspeechthatshefeltvery?(尴尬的).44.Itisanew?(发现)inscience.45.Theoldladykeptthelittledog?(活着)byfeedingitwarmmilk.46.Tommissedtheearlybusbecausehe?(睡过头).47.ThepresidentofAmerica?(宣布)thatthewarinIraqhadstopped.48.Sheisthepublicinformation?(官员).49.I?(取消)myappointmentwithadentistyesterday.50.Whenspringcomes,iceandsnowwill?(消失).51.Hecouldntanswertheteachersquestion.Hefelt?(尴尬的).52.Manynew?(发现)weremadewiththehelpofcompass.53.Wemustworkhardwhenweare?(活着的).54.I?(睡过头)thismorningsothatIwaslateforschool.55.They?(宣布)thattheyhadfoundthemurdererlastweek.56.Whatdidthe?(官员)saytoyourfather?57.Imafraidwehaveto?(取消)themeeting.58.Whenspringcomes,thesnowandice?(消失).59.Whentheylookedathiminsurprise,hefeltvery?(尴尬的).60.Thereisno?(发现)intheresearchforthecauseoftheearthquake.完形填空Tenyearsago,26-year-oldCivalMillswasjustdaysawayfromfinishinghishospitalinternship(实习期)inSouthAfrica.Hewaslookingforwardtoabrightfuturein71?.Butlater,hemetacar72?.Whenhefinallywokeup,hediscoveredthathewasunabletomovea73?.Hehadlocked-insyndrome(闭锁综合征)heiscompletelyconscious(神志清醒的),yetunabletomoveanymuscleexcepthis74?.AllIcouldhearwasthesoundofthedifferentmachineskeepingme75?.AndwhenIfellasleepIhad76?dreams,Dr.Millssaid.Inthedecadeyears,althoughDr.Millshasnotcompletely77?fromthecondition,hehasmadeaprogress.Hefirstlearnedto78?byusinghiseyemovementstotypewordsonaspellingchart.79?firstsentencewas,Iloveyou,Mum.Aftertwoyearsoftreatment,heregainedmovementinhisleftthumb,whichheusedtofinishhisfirstbookThisTooShallPass.Now,aftermany80?ofphysicaltreatment,Dr.Millscanturnhishead.Hesrecentlycompletedanotherbook.Ifyoulosehopeyouhavelostyourchanceforabetterfuture,Dr.Millssaid.71.A.musicB.artC.medicineD.writing72.A.saleB.accidentC.showD.repair73.A.handB.footC.legD.muscle74.A.mouthB.eyesC.noseD.ears75.A.slowB.aliveC.happyD.strong76.A.goodB.terribleC.amazingD.old77.A.recoveredB.borrowedC.comeD.learned78.A.seeB.communicateC.changeD.lock79.A.HerB.HisC.MyD.Our80.A.daysB.weeksC.monthsD.years六、阅读理解AWhenDanielwokeupyesterdaymorning,hefoundhewasabitlateforschool,sohestartedrunningtocatchthebus.Momentslater,hesawadog,butnotitslead.Hetrippedovertheleadandfelldown.Hejumpedupquickly,wentonrunningandgotonthebus.Afterawhileanoldcoachbrokedowninthemiddleoftheroad,andthedrivercouldntmoveit.Itwaseightoclock,themiddleoftherushhour,soitsooncreatedaterribletrafficjam.Thebusdrivertriedtogoroundthecoach.Unfortunatelyataxiwascomingintheoppositedirection.Thedrivertriedtostopthetaxi,buthecouldntpreventtheaccidentthetaxicrashedintothefrontofthebus!Luckilynobodywashurt.WhenDanielfinallygottoschooloutofbreath,thesciencelessonhadbeenonforfiveminutes.Danielsaidsorrytotheteacherandsatathisdesk.Hereachedoutforhisschoolbagno,itwasnowheretobefound.Whereismyschoolbag?Danielwaspuzzled.Suddenlyherealizedthathehadleftitonthebus.Badluck!81.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtrippedmean?A.扔掉B.拣起C.绊,绊倒D.跨越82.Whatistheorderoftheaccident?Ataxiwascomingintheoppositedirection.Thebusdriverwentroundthecoach.Anoldcoachbrokedown.Thetaxicrashedintothebus.A.B.C.D.83.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnUnluckyDayB.AHappyDayOutC.ATrafficAccidentD.AStrictTeacherCLetstrydoingthefollowingexperiment.WhattoDo:Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutchest(胸部)level.Pickupastick,suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss,tryagain,stillkeepingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifitseasiertodo.Howitworks:Intheexperiment,youhavetojudgehowfarawaythepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus(聚焦)itself.Usingonlyoneeye,mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry,butthebrainstillgetssomeinformationaboutdistancethoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsomethingwithbotheyes.Infact,yourbrainhasmorethanonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample,toseeanythingclearly,youhavetomakebothofyoureyespointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject,youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookatthetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsinformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformation,thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis,whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.88.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.89.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge?.A.howbiganobjectisB.howhighanobjectisC.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis90.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone.C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.91.Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer(推断)?.A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyesB.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynearC.within3or4steps,theneareranobjectis,themoreclearlywecanseeitD.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformationaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeyeDEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedontalwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearethesame.Sometimesfriendsdontgetalongwell.Thatdoesntmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeup(和解)andgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Itispossiblethatwewillevenseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.Theresmoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylivelongerthanpeoplewhodont.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.92.Thefirstparagraphtellsus?.A.nobodyneedsfriendsB.wealwaysneedfriendsaroundC.makingfriendsisaneedinpeopleslivesD.weneverneedtobealone93.?WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PeoplearenothappywhentheirfriendsleavethemB.PeoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveawayC.PeoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentwaysD.Peopleliketomakenewfriendsiftheygettoknowthem94.Thepassagemainlytellsus?.A.thatpeopleneedsfriendsB.thatpeopleareallfriendsC.howtogettoknowfriendsD.hownameaplaceB.根据短文内容和所给中文提示,写出空白处各单词的正确形式。ThebooksaboutGregMortensonwillbeoneofyourfavorites.Theywilltakeyouonagreatadve