黑龙江省宝清县2017高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编选（一）.doc

黑龙江宝清县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解编选（一）（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results.however, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem.effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically; it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise.there are a number of factors that must be in place to make a good team.effective leadership is one of the most important factors of good teamwork.the teams leader should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed.an effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued.communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team.team members must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each others opinions.conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together.the best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts.team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of offending others.instead of avoiding conflict issues, a handson approach that settles them quickly is much better.it is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain objective if possible.the team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork.in order to keep team members positive and committed and motivated, the team leader himself needs to show these qualities.the team turns to the leader for support and guidance.so any negative words or behaviors on the leaders part can be disastrous.regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extremely important to your success and that of your team.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了组建一个良好团队的条件。1effective leadership is important partly because _ait creates a positive working environmentbit makes a leader feel supported and valuedcit helps a leader to develop lots of skillsdit depends on interpersonal relationship of a team答案a细节理解题。根据文中第二段第二句话“the teams leader should.preserve a positive working environment”可知一个好的领导能够营造一个积极的工作环境，故选a。其他三项文中并没有提到。2the underlined word “articulate” probably means _ahide bexpress cfeel dplan答案b词义猜测题。画线词所在句的前一句说的是交流对于一个团队来说很重要，画线部分后面又说到表达计划和目标，所以这个部分应该是说表达自己的情感，故选b。3when conflicts arise among team members, the team leader should _aworry about the team membersbignore the team members voicescwork out their differencesdtry to avoid conflict issues答案c细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段第五句可知，一个团队领导应该“sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences.”故选c。4to become a good team leader, you have to_aset up a good teambbe positive and committedclook for support from the teamdavoid natural disasters答案b细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段倒第三句话可知，如果想让队员积极，奉献，有动力，队长必须也有这些精神，也就是队长也要积极，奉献，有动力，故选b。5which is the best title for the passage?afootball and teamworkbcommunication and teamworkchandle conflict in a teamdwhat makes effective teamwork答案d题目判断题。根据文章大意，组建一个良好团队的条件，也就是在讲如何成立一个有效的团队。故选d。社会生活型阅读理解(一)- ive spent over a year in india, and in those 365 plus days, ive learned a lot about getting around indian cities. my biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesnt mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what youre doing. below are the best ways to get around the city of delhi, india, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺诈)taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of delhi and chances are, if you arrive in delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, youll be swarmed by indian taxi drivers. at the delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two delhi traffic police taxi booths. one is inside the airport, and one is outside. the key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around indian cities, in part because its how the locals often travel. autorickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in old delhi. if you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. autorickshaw rates around delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance.if you really want to travel around delhi like the locals, take a public bus. indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. they are, however, very cheap. a bus trip wont set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. since indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.the train is a great way to get around within the city of delhi. fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. all departure announcements are in both hindi and english, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.1the author is trying to _ in delhi through this text.agive some advice of travellingbexpect us to travel aroundcshow his/her experiencesdexplain the difficulties of travelling2to avoid being cheated, you ought to _ if you want to take a taxi at the delhi airport.apay more to the drivers to keep safebshow your ticket to the drivercgo to a policerun boothdgo out of the airport3the author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to _asave some moneybenjoy the comfortable tripcgain a unique experiencedhelp the local rickshaw drivers4what can we infer from the passage?ayou wont have to pay much if you travel around by bus in india.bit will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.ca rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.dyoull have to speak english if you travel around in india.5which may be the topic that follows?ahotel recommendations in delhi.bweather conditions in delhi.cfood and drink in delhi.dcar rentals in delhi.(一)【要点综述】 本文作者就在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。1a细节理解题。通读全文我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的几个问题。因此，本文的写作目的是要给读者提出建议。2c细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句我们可以知道，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。3c细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句我们可以知道，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。4b推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句我们可以知道，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。5d推理判断题。由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍关于德里交通方面避免受骗的几个建议。因此，在所给的几个选项当中，只有d项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面接着讨论的最有可能是汽车租赁业务。社会生活型阅读理解(一)- (二)life is to be enjoyed. theres no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back thats even better. when people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoking, and manage stress better, they find that they feel so much better that it reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. the latest studies show that when you exercise and eat right：your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep. two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new neurons (神经细胞) to grow that it actually increased the size of peoples brains!your face receives more blood flow, so your_skin_glows more and wrinkles less. you look younger and more attractive. in contrast, an unhealthy diet, chronic emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly. smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your arteries (动脉) to narrow down, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle earlier. this is why smokers look years older than they really are.your genes change. in may, a study was published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences showing that changing your lifestyle changes your genes.your telomeres (染色体端粒) get longer. telomeres are the ends of our chromosomes (染色体) that control how long we live. as telomeres become shorter, then cells age more quickly, thus shortening our lives.besides, one of the most interesting findings in the study was that the mothers awareness of stress was more important than what was really occurring in their lives. the researchers gave the women a questionnaire and asked them to rate on a threepoint scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them. the women who were aware that they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres compared with those who felt more relaxed. on the contrary, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normalappearing telomeres.in other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed; if you feel fine, you are fine.1which of the following are good for lengthening ones life, according to the passage? eat healthy food drink plenty of water take exercise get up early go to sleep early release ones stressabcd2the underlined words “your skin glows” in paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to “_”ayour skin becomes white as there is plenty of sunshinebyour skin becomes smooth as there is much blood in itc your skin looks pink as you are healthydyour skin becomes soft as you exercise enough3in the authors opinion, when you exercise and eat right, you will experience some changes except _abrains becoming clevererbfaces having fewer wrinklescarteries turning narrowerdgenes being changed4from the last but one paragraph we learn that _amothers will have more damaged telomeres if they raise a disabled childbmothers dont know how to handle stress effectivelycsome women were asked to fill out a questionnaire about educating childrendmothers positive attitudes are the key to managing their stress5the best title for the passage would be “_”aeat better, live betterbfeel better, live longercless stress, fewer diseasesdsmoke more, age sooner(二)【要点综述】 本文是一篇调查报告，讲述了生活方式对健康的重要性。1a细节理解题。根据文章第一段“when people eat more healthfully，exercise，quit smoking，and manage stress better”可知答案。2c词义猜测题。根据前文信息“your face receives more blood flow”可知，glow 在文中的意思为“脸色红润”。故选择c项。3c推理判断题。根据文章第三段“smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your arteries(动脉) to narrow down”可知，尼古丁使动脉变窄。故c项错误。4d推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句话以及后面的调查结果可知，母亲们对压力的态度对成功应付压力起着重要的作用。故d项正确。5b主旨大意题。综合文章第二至五段可以看出，当心情好时，新的神经细胞不断生长、动脉变宽、基因改变、染色体端粒变长，因此人的寿命也会相应地变长，所以选择b，其他选项都是片面的。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some peoples immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found. the study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress. “it turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author george slavich, at the cousins center for psychoneuroimmunology at the university of california, los angeles, said in a ucla news release. “for example,” he explained, “we sometimes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, its threatening and sad. in this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”the findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. we have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but its been unclear exactly how these effects occur. as we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” slavich said. increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune systems natural response to potentially harmful situations