长对话解题技巧.doc

长对话解题技巧听力长对话（Long Conversations）的长度一般在820句之间，字数在100250字之间。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的内容更深入，难度也更大，短对话的答案一般是“显而易见”，而长对话的答案有时更依赖于推理和判断。长对话必然有一个中心议题，对话双方都围绕该中心而展开话题。因此把握住对话的中心思想是选对正确答案的关键。对话的中心思想建立在每篇对话的场景里，对长对话场景的准确判断就显得格外重要，考生如果能够准确判断对话的场景（situation），就基本上能把握对话的中心思想。在长对话的题型分析中，对经常涉及的几种情况可做归类，如学习类、生活类、工作类等。下面列举几个常见的典型场景题型。学习类学习类场景往往是长对话的重点。内容大致可分为上课场景、选课场景、考试准备场景等。场景人物一般是学生之间或学生与教学秘书和老师之间。场景内容一般包括学生之间对选课的讨论，对老师的谈论，对课程的难易程度和对选某一门课的好处和坏处的讨论。具体来说，学生选课会从几个方面来考虑：学习目的。出于自己的喜好、学分要求（creditrequirement）、证书/文凭/学位需求（certifcate/diploma/degree）、职业生涯（career）等各方面考虑，学生会选择各种各样的课程，考题也可就此展开。科目。在考试中出现过的学科五花八门，考生可积累记忆各学科名称，如有环境科学（environmental science）、微生物学（microbiology）、医学（medicine science）、统计学statistics）、新闻学（journalism）、计算（computing）等。时间。选课时学生需考虑时间是否适合自己，是否会影响正常课程或者工作时间表（work schedule）。价钱。在这里可以考查到数字这个考点。课程分类：课程可以分为全日制班（full-timecourse）和业余制班（part-timecourse），晚班（night class）和双休日班（weekend class）；还可以分为普通课程（extensive course）和强化课程（intensive course）；从大学课程的设置来看，有主修课和辅修课（major & minor course），专业课程和公共课程（specialized & general course），必修课和选修课（compulsory/required & selective/optional course）。常用的词汇和词组有required, compulsory, elective, optional, course, prerequisite course(预修课程), preliminary course(预备课程), drop a course(退修课程), extensive, intensive等。生活类生活类场景一般包括休闲娱乐场景，租房场景，餐厅或食堂场景等。以租房场景为例，场景人物一般是房东和住户。场景内容一般涉及住户与房东的相处甚至讨价还价，对房子的评价，包括价格、地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。做这类题时考生应该注意住户一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的过程往往很不容易。常用的词汇和词组有roommate, dormitory, deposit,live on/offcampus, utilities, heatingcosts, temporary accommodation,landlord, apartment, sublet, dishwasher, messy, aleakyfaucet(漏水的水龙头), tenant, afford等。工作类工作类场景一般包括办公室工作场景，讨论工作任务和计划场景，工作面试场景等。以应聘（面试）场景为例，场景人物一般是聘方人员和应聘者。场景内容一般涉及对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。做这类题时考生应该注意应聘者对自己情况的介绍，如教育背景、特长等，聘方人员对工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间的介绍。常用的词汇和词组有teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training(岗前培训), permanent employment, stipend, bonus, part-time job等。长对话应试技巧长对话结合了短对话的考点类型与段落题的篇章特点，其题型完全类似于段落题的分类。一般会有一道题整体把握全文大意，重在考查对话主题、对话人物关系或对话地点场景等。按照题型分类，长对话主要有细节题和推理判断题。长对话大部分都是细节题，命题点常常是对话中所谈论的某个时间、地点、原因、事件等。推理题在长对话中所占比例较小，每一套题中可能涉及两、三道题。推理题是相对较难的一种题型，需要考生对某个细节有深层次的理解。由于推理不是凭空想象，而是建立在细节基础上合乎逻辑的推断，因此考生有必要捕捉对话的细节，找到与需要推理的相关部分，及时做笔记，还要综合问题加以分析，这样才能选出正确的答案。核心技巧：1、视听基本一致（听什么选什么）；2、第一句、第一回合对应第一题答案；3、选项答案为短语或单词可以直选；4、问答式对话中，答句经常出题；5、请注意对话的主旨。要听好长对话，还要做到以下几点：1.预测读选项信息，能迅速把握它们的内在联系，从而预测所听对话材料的基本内容，并且从各个问题间的内在联系提炼出对话的中心思想，更好地理解各检测点的细节。一篇长对话通常有三至四个题目，每个题目四个选项。考生浏览完四个题目的选项后，基本上就能够推测出文章的主题和谈论的内容。这对于接下来的听力理解很有帮助。下面两点值得考生特别关注；第一，要注意重复的词语。这些词通常会给考生一些线索，帮助考生回忆起在题目中听过的名称；第二，要注意各个选项中的不同点，注意一些不同的名字、地点及动词，这些不同之处将会帮考生确定这道题中哪些是要听的关键。预测时，考生可把每个选项中的关键词先划出来，以便开始选题时节省反应时间，快速选出正确答案。【典型例题】(2006年6月)22. A) Shes worried about the seminar.B) The man keeps interrupting her.C) She fnds it too hard.D) She lacks interest in it.23. A) The lecturers are boring.B) The course is poorly designed.C) She prefers philosophy to English.D) She enjoys literature more.24. A) Karens friend.B) Karens parents.C) Karens lecturers.D) Karen herself.25. A) Changing her major.B) Spending less of her parents money.C) Getting transferred to the English Department.D) Leaving the university.看完这四道题后，考生可以从22题里面的单词seminar，23题里面的单词lecture和course及24题里面的单词major等猜测出该长对话的题材与文化教育有关，内容可能涉及学生对某个专业或科目的兴趣问题。2.分清主次，捕捉信息与生活中的情形相似，双方对话的时候常有主次之分，如一方询问，另一方作答时，关键信息多出现在作答一方，考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要，方法也简单易行。由于篇幅的增加，考生要在短时间内记住这么多的内容难度非常大。所以考生在听录音的时候养成做笔记的习惯至关重要。笔记主要记下长对话中的关键词和关键信息，这对于提高正确率大有帮助。我们来分析一段对话。例题：2008年12月长对话1W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview spot is Peter Wilson (人名，重要). Peter works for Green Peace (特殊表达，文章主题词). So, Peter, welcome.M: Thanks a lot. Its good to be here.W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something about Green Peace and your job there.(寒暄，为了迷惑考生，此处进入正题)M: Sure. Well, Ill start by telling you roughly what Green Peace is all about. I actually work in London for the Green Peace organization(人物职业，22题考点1). Weve been goingfor afew decades and were a non-violent, non-political organization. Wereinvolvedin anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system. Im the action organizer and arrange any protests.(人物职业重复，22题考点)W: Right! A pretty important role, Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?M: Well,recently weve beeninvolvedin anti-nuclear campaigns.(问答关系，23题考点2)I, personally arranged for the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlantic Ocean. Weve got a few small Green Peace boats that we harass(特殊词汇，首次出现，24题考点2) the dumping ship with.W: Say? Hold on, Peter.Ithought yousaid your organization was non-violent. What do you mean by“harass”?(重复核心词，也是问题所在。问答关系。)M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear wasteinthe sea.(针对问题harass的具体回答，24题考点3) Wetalktothe men andtryto change, you know, yell at them to stop. We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible.W: Well, people may think differently of your methods, but theres no doubt youre doing a great job.(转折词but+态度判断词great，25题考点) Keep it up and good luck (继续态度判断). And thanks for talking with us.W: Thanks for having me.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What is the mans chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?A) Organising protests.B) Recruiting members.C) Acting as its spokesman.D) Saving endangered animals.23. What has Green Peace been involved in recently?A) Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations.B) Anti-nuclear campaigns.C) Surveying the Atlantic Ocean foor.D) Removing industrial waste.24. How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?A) By harassing them.B) By appealing to the public.C) By taking legal action.D) By resorting to force.25. What is the womans attitude towards the Green Peaces campaigns?A) Doubtful.B) Reserved.C) Indifferent.D) Supportive.【解析】做题的时候一定要和短文一样对题目的出题位置有明确的把握，位置感很重要。一般而言，对话时，开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题，而对话中段往往才是重点。问答式的考点（一问一答中Question针对问题发问，回答是正确答案考点，所以回答是重点），分层次的考查(Top-Down Level)，建议请求的运用。特别明显的是对话的开头部分一直在纠缠Green Peace如何以及Peter怎么样，所以只考查了一道题目，第二道题目直到对话的中部才出现，因为两个人直到那时才从Green Peace的基本介绍转到Peter的工作和日常事务这个话题上来。此外，这则对话还秉承了passage的一个重要的考查方式，就是在对话的开头部分一定会出题目。考生往往很难在一个段落刚开始的时候集中注意力，所以这时候考查的题目难度就显得很高。另外，24题的考法是长对话中最典型的一种，就是针对动作行为进行发问，考点在于考生需要听明白人物发出的动作是什么，原文的动词harass和选项的harass一模一样，属于最简单的考法，而且原文重复两次，因此考生即便是不知道harass是什么意思也能选对。25题的考法是一贯的长对话结尾题，往往以态度判断和结论作为考查对象，此题选项均为态度词，很容易判断，另外，注意到选项呈现“三负一正”的格局，因此答案是显然的。所以在做题时，考生既要注意其中的细节，又要注意整体的把握，并能够迅速抓住要点，分清主次关系。3.听时迅速抓住考点听音的主要任务就是抓住考点，首先，长对话后设的34个小题一般均匀地分布在对话的每个回合中，这样，考生在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后，剩余的部分就可不做详听，让紧张的神经稍做放松，有利于将精力集中于下面的考点。其次，考点的位置多是对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分，这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯，即在发言伊始多采用开门见山的方法，而在发言结尾处又总括强调。以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your frst book?W: I wrote my frst story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and Ive been writing ever since. (22题考点)M: Why did you choose to be an author?W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be fnding out what you love doing most and step two would be fnding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing. (23题考点)M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?W: My frsttwo novels werefor adults.I supposeI might write another one, butI neverreallyimagine a target audience whenIm writing. Theideas come frst, soitreally depends ontheideasthat grasp me next. (24题考点)M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?W:Ive noidea wheretheideas camefrom. AndI hopeIll never fnd out.(25题考点)It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.另外，重复率较高的词也多成为考点，对话的核心内容理应会得到说话人的强调，最为有效的强调方式莫过于重复，而且重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。因此对那些对话双方多次提到的词语或内容应进行重点记忆。23. A) Marketing consultancy.B) Professional accountancy.C) Luxury hotel management.D) Business conference organization.24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs.B) Knowing some key people in tourism.C) Having been to the country before.D) Being able to speak Japanese.25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.B) It will involve lots of train travel.C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.D) It will give her more chance to visit Japan.【听力原文】M: Miss Jones, could you tell me more about your frst job with hotel marketing concepts？W: Yes, certainly.I was a marketing consultantresponsiblefor marketingten UK hotels.(23题考点) Theywere all luxury hotels in the leisure sector, all of a very high standard.M: Which markets were you responsible for?W: For Europe and Japan.M: I see from your resume that you speak Japanese. Have you ever been to Japan?W: Yes, I have. I spent a month in Japan in 2006. I met all the key people in the tourist industry, the big touroperators, and the tourist organizations. As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage. (24题考点)M: Yes, of course. Have you had any contact with Japan in your present job?W: Yes,Ive had alot. Cruises have become very popular withtheJapanese bothfor holidays andforbusiness conferences. In fact, the market for all types of luxury holidays for the Japanese has increased alot recently.M: Really? Im interested to hear more about that. But frst tell me, have you ever traveled on a luxury train,the Orienting Express for example.W: No,I havent. ButIvetraveled onthe Glacier Expressto Switzerland, andItraveled across China bytrain about 8 years ago. I love train travel. Thats why I am very interested in this job. (25题考点)23. What did the woman do in her frst job?24. What gave the woman an advantage during her business trip in Japan?25. Why is the woman applying for the new job?【答案与解析】23. A)细节题。问题询问女士的第一份工作。答案在对话的开头，关键词为“marketing consultant”。故选A)。24. D)细节题。问题询问女士认为自己在日本公司的优势。关键句是“As I speak Japanese, I had a verybig advantage.”故选D)。25. B)细节题。关键句是“I love trai