沈阳2015新版英语 7B Chapter 1--People around us 语法知识点.doc

初中英语 七年级下学期 教案学案_Module 1 Unit 1 People around usReading一、重点单词的讲解。1. cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的； cheer n.欢呼 v.欢呼，使高兴，加油 Eg：Do you know why he is always so cheerful?你知道他为什么总是如此快乐吗？2. hard-working adj.工作努力的，勤勉的 反义词：lazy adj.懒惰的 Eg：I think Simon is a hard-working student.我觉得西蒙是一个勤奋的学生。3. patient adj.耐心的 反义词：impatient adj.没耐心的 ； patient n.病人 Eg：Dont worry! Be patient, please. 不要担心，请耐心点。4. smart adj.聪明的，机敏的，时髦的 近义词：clever adj.机智的 反义词：foolish adj.愚蠢的 Eg：You are so smart. You can finish that difficult Maths problem in only five minutes. 你真聪明，可以在5分钟之内就解出那道数学难题。5. probably =maybe adv.很可能 Eg：Youre probably right.你很可能是对的。6. forget-forgot-forgotten v.忘记 反义词：remember v.记住，记得 （1）forget 后接人或事、物，表示忘记某人、某事、某物 Eg：He forgot the name of his teacher.他忘记了他老师的名字。 （2）forget后接to do sth. 表示忘记做某事。 Eg：Dont forget to reply to Jane in the morning.上午别忘了给简回复。 （3）forget后接doing sth. 表示忘记做过某事。 Eg：He forgot buying that scarf in Paris.他忘记在巴黎买过这条围巾。7. smell n. 气味 v. 闻，嗅（1）作行为动词，后面直接跟宾语。 Eg：Smell the perfume. Do you like it?闻闻这香水的味道。你喜欢吗？（2）做系动词，后接形容词修饰主语。 Eg：The meat smells nice, but tastes terrible.这肉闻起来不错，但味道很糟糕。8. care n.照顾，照料 v.关心，关注，在乎 Eg：Baby dogs and cats need a lot of care.小狗和小猫需要很多照顾。 The only thing he cares about is money.他只在乎钱。9. miss v.想念，怀念 ，错过，错失Eg：He missed the ball.他没有接到球。10. joke n.玩笑 v.说笑话，开玩笑Eg：I didnt get the joke. 我不明白这个笑话有什么好笑的。11. laugh v.笑；laughter n.笑声Eg：Why are you laughing so happily?为什么你笑得这么开心？12. remain v.仍然是，保持不变 （1）remain常用作系动词，后接名词或形容词做表语。 Eg：We will remain friends forever.我们将永远做朋友。13. strict adj.严格的，严厉的Eg：Shes very strict about things like homework.她对作业之类的事要求非常严格。14. encourage v.鼓励 （1）encourage sb. to do sth. Eg: Our PE teacher often encourages us to do more sport.我们的体育老师经常鼓励我们多做运动。15. support n.支持 v.支持 Eg：Everybody else said I was wrong but Paul supported me.大家都说我错了，只有保罗支持我。16. successful adj.获得成功的 success n.成功 succeed v. Eg：Who do you think is the most successful person in the world?你认为世界上最成功的人是谁？二、课文重点句子的讲解。1、She takes time to help her child.她花时间帮助她的孩子。 （1）take time意为“花时间”，后接动词不定式。take time to do sth Eg：Take time to check your answers before you hand in your test paper, please.交卷之前请花点时间检查你的答案。四花费（spend, pay, cost, take）的用法： 人+spend (spent) +时间/金钱+ on sth./ (in) doing sth.人+pay(paid) +钱+for+物 物+cost (cost) +sb. +金钱It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth.如：I spent 200 yuan on the bag.= I paid 200 yuan for the bag.= I bought the bag for 200 yuan（2）help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事= help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人Li Ping helps me learn English. = Li Ping helps me with my English.help oneself (to) 请自便；请随便吃 with the help of= with ones help在某人的帮助下cant/ couldnt help doing sth. 忍不住，禁不住2. my grandma was a short woman with hair. with 介词 “带有” 表伴随状态、特征。后面跟名词、动名词（动词-ing） 反义词：without“没有 ”3. She was always cheerful. 形容词的用法：形容词修饰名词，放在名词的前面； 修饰be动词、系动词（get, become, appear等）构成系表结构 放在be动词的后面；修饰感官动词（look，smell，taste, sound, feel）放在感官动词的后面 a good cook look beautiful 4、I will never forget the taste, and the smell as well. 我将永远不会忘记那种味道和气味。 （1）as well意为“除之外，也，还”。，和too的意思相近。 Eg：He knows English, and he knows French as well.他懂英语，还懂法语。 （2） 辨析：as well，also, either as well常用于口语，多置于肯定句句末。Eg：I can swim too. also, 置于动词之前，助动词、be动词之后，常用于句中。Eg：He also wants to go. either,常用于否定句句尾。Eg：He doesnt want to go either.他也不想去。5、Grandma took care of my family.（1） take care of= look after= care for(此外，care for还有喜欢的意思) 照顾、爱护 Eg: Nurses take care of patients in hospital.= Nurses look after patients in hospital. 护士在医院照顾病人。 （2）care about 意为“关心，介意” care for 意为“喜欢，为操心” Eg：Einstein who cared little for money never cared about his salary. 爱恩斯坦对金钱不感兴趣，他从不在乎薪水多少。6、She often tells jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others.她常常讲笑话，让我哈哈大笑，但她从不取笑人。（1）tell jokes意为“讲笑话” tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人做（不要做）某事 Eg：Dont tell jokes in class.上课时不要讲笑话。 （2）make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。make后直接跟动词的原形（let/have也是此用法）。 make sth + adj. “使处于某种状态”（此用法还有 leave/keep） Eg：The teacher made the students do a lot of homework.这个老师让学生做很多的作业。 （3）make fun of意为“嘲弄，取笑”与laugh at 意思相近。 Eg：The older children always make fun of him because of his accent. = The older children always laugh at him because of his accent. 大一些的孩子常常取笑他的口音。拓展：1、be made of 由什么制成（看得出原材料）eg：The house is made of wood. 2、be made from 由什么制成（看不出原材料）eg: Wine is made from grapes. 3、be made into 把制成。Eg：Grapes are made into wine. 4、be made in +地方 “产于某地”7、I hope we will always remain friends.我希望我们将永远朋友。（1）hope v. 希望(希望自己)hope to do sth. 希望做某事。不能说:hope sb to do sth eg. I hope to be a teacher when I grow up. 长大后我想成为一名演员。hope + that 从句 I hope (that) youll deal with the problem as soon as possible. 我希望你尽快解决这个问题wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事（希望别人） I wish you to write a letter soon. 我希望你尽快写封信。 （2）remain friends 意为“还是朋友，保持朋友联系” Eg：You must tell me the truth, if we are to remain friends.如果我们还是朋友的话，你必须告诉我实情。8、she is good at Maths be good at sth/doing sth =do well in sth/doing sth 擅长某事/做某事9、His classes are always full of fun. 他的课总是充满了欢乐。 （1）be full of=be filled with意为“充满” Eg：The bottle is full of milk.这个瓶子里装满了牛奶。 （2）fun n. 乐趣，欢乐； funny adj.好玩的，有趣的，滑稽的，古怪的 Eg：His classes are always funny.他的课总是很有趣。 have fun doing sth 做某事玩得愉快10、He uses lots of games in his teaching. 他在教学中运用许多游戏。 （1）teaching n.教学 teach v.教 teacher n. 教师 Eg：Linda wants to go into teaching.琳达想从事教学工作。 (2) lots of = a lot of 许多 后既接可数名词复数=many 也接不可数名词=much （3） in 在此表示“在方面”11、Mr Li is strict about our studies, but he always encourages us and gives us support.李老师对我们的学习要求严格，但他总是鼓励我们，给我们支持。 （1）be strict about/in 对某事要求严格，后面只能接sth. Eg：Our teachers are always strict about our homework.我们老师对我们的作业要求很严格。 （2）be strict with 对某人要求严格，后面只能接人 Eg：He is very strict with his students.他对学生非常严格。 My father is always strict in behavior with me.我爸爸对我的行为举止要求很严格。 (3) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 （4） support n. 支持 support v. 支持 support sb to do sth 支持某人做某事12、He often says,“Never give up and youll be successful.”他常常说：“永不放弃，你就会成功（1）give up 意为“放弃，投降，认输”，可作不及物动词用。 Eg：I give up, tell me what the answer is .我认输，告诉我答案吧。（2）give up sth 放弃某事/某物 give up doing sth 放弃做某事 Eg：In fact Ive given up this idea.事实上我已经放弃了这个想法。 He told me to give up smoking.他建议我戒烟。（3）Never give up！是祈使句。相当于Dont give up forever.永不放弃。（4）引号中的整个句子是并列句。And 前的分句用祈使句表达条件，and后的分句表达结果。常常引用if引导的条件句进行改写。本句可改写为：If you never give up, you will be successful.练习：快一点，你就可以赶得上早班车。 Be quick, and you can get the early bus.=If you are quick, you can get the early bus.二、新课教学1. 知识点1. cheerful 高兴的，快乐的 例：Do you known why she is so cheerful?近义词happy，glad2知识点2. hard-working adj.复合形容词，peace-loving，life-long，so-called，part-time例：She is a hard-working student. I got a part-time job.3.知识点3.patient 两个意思，名词是“病人”，形容词是“耐心的”例：As a doctor, you should be patient to your patients. Dont worry, be patient, please4.知识点4.probably 可能地，adv.例：You are probably right. I will probably go home.区别于：possible英音：psbl美音：psb! 形容词 a. （1）.可能的，但是可能性小Ill do everything possible to help you. 我将尽一切可能帮助你。 Is such a thing possible? 这种事可能吗? （2）.有可能的F+thatIts possible that he will not accept the invitation. 他有可能不接受邀请5知识点5.forget（注意中度音节的位置）忘记，反义词是？ Remember（1）Forget+n 例：I forget your name, so please tell me again.（2）forget+to do 忘记还没有做的事情例：I forget to give him the book.(3) forget+doing 忘记做过的事情例：He forgot buying this scarf in Paris.6.知识点6.smell （1）作为名词“气味”，I dont like the smell of bananas.（2）作为行为动词，直接跟宾语，Smell the perfume, do you like it?(3) 作为系动词，直接加形容词的词，The meat smells nice, but tastes terrible. 类似sound, look, taste, feel。7.知识点7.care 照顾，关照。（不及物动词）例：If you dont care, who cares?短语 care about， care for8.知识点8.remain 仍然 保持不变Remain 常作为系动词，后面跟名词或形容词作表语例：We will remain friends forever. I asked her questions, but she remained silent.背记课文中的句子“I hope we will remain friends”.9.知识点9. miss 想念，错过例：I miss my classmates in my primary school. He missed the train.10.知识点10.encourage 鼓励名词加ment 短语：encourage sb to do sth例：He encourages me to study harder.11.知识点11.as well意为“也”。通常放在句末，相当于too。例：I can speak Chinese and I can speak English as well. 辨析：as well, also, too和eitheras well副词短语，多用于口语中，用于句末，前面通常不用逗号隔开also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末，常用于肯定句中too多用于口语中，位置常在句末，前面常有逗号隔开either用于否定句中，常用于句末。在肯定句变成否定句时，其中的also，too，as well都要变成either。 Eg：.He can swim _. He _ wants to go there. Im a boy,_. He does not want to go,_.12.知识点12 take care of 意为“照顾，照料”，相当于look after，其中care做名词。 take good care of 相当于look after.well,表示“照顾好.”例:Can you take care of the baby? 语法冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠词的用法：1用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean2表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 3用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar4表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs5用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.6上文提到的事物，再次提到I have a pen,the pen is very beautiful.7用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder. in the eas8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the FrenchIII. 零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.4与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land1、 Learning the new words and useful phrases(1课时) 课后作业:在抄写本上抄写新单词和短语每个2遍.二、Let the Ss translate the passage”people around us” in groups.(1课时) Unit1 people around us Reading My grandmaMy grandma was a short woman with grey hair. She was always cheerful. She was a very good cook. Her dishes were probably the best in the world! I will never forget the taste, and the smell as well.我奶奶是一个个头很矮的妇女，头发灰白。她总是很快乐。她是一个很好的厨师。她做的饭菜可能是世界上最好的！我永远都不会忘记那口味和那香味。Grandma took care of my family. She was really kind and patient. She died tow years ago and I miss her very much.奶奶照顾我们全家。她非常和蔼、有耐心。她两年前去世了，我非常想念她。 -BenAliceAlice is my best friend. She is a tall girl with glasses. She often tells me jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others.艾莉丝是我最好的朋友。她是一个个头很高的女孩，戴着眼镜。她经常讲笑话使我笑，但她从不取笑别人。Alice is a smart girl. She is good at Maths.We often study and play table bennis together. I hope we will always remain friends.艾莉丝是个聪明的女孩。她擅长数学。我们经常一起学习、打乒乓球。我希望我们永远是朋友。 -Joyce Mr LiMr Li is my Maths teacher.He is tall and thin. His classes are always full of fun. He uses lots of games in his teaching.李老师是我的数学老师。他高高的、瘦瘦的。他的课总是充满乐趣。他在教学中使用许多游戏。Mr Li is strict about our studies, but he always encourages us and gives us support. He often says,”Never give up and youll be successful.”李老师对我们的学习要求很严格，但他总是鼓励我们、支持我们。他经常说：“永不放弃，你就会成功。” -Amy 课后作业:熟读课文,完成课本P4-5的练习。 课后反思：三、Learn the important points in the passage(3课时)1. 知识点1. cheerful 高兴的，快乐的 例：Do you know why she is so cheerful?近义词happy，glad拓展：-ful是一个形容词的后缀，某些动词或名词之后加-ful 构成形容词，表示具有某种性质。 Help-helpful(有帮助的) thank-thankful(感激的) Care-careful(仔细的) use-useful(有用的)2知识点2. hard-working adj.复合形容词，peace-loving，life-long，part-time例：She is a hard-working student. I got a part-time job.3.知识点3.patient 两个意思，名词是“病人”，形容词是“耐心的”例：As a doctor, you should be patient to your patients. Dont worry, be patient, please4.知识点4.with 介词，在文中表示“具有；带有”，构成介词短语作后置定语。 A house with a small garden 一座带有一个小花园的房子; the man with long hair 留长发的那名男子。5.知识点5.cook v.烹调、煮、烧 n.厨师 此处作可数名词，意为厨师。 Cooker 炊具6.知识点6.forget（注意中度音节的位置）忘记，反义词是？ Remember（1）Forget+n 例：I forget your name, so please tell me again.（2）forget+to do 忘记还没有做的事情 例：I forget to give him the book.(3) forget+doing 忘记做过的事情 例：He forgot buying this scarf in Paris.7.知识点7.smell （1）作为名词“气味”，I dont like the smell of bananas.（2）作为行为动词，直接跟宾语，Smell the perfume, do you like it?(3) 作为系动词，直接加形容词的词，The meat smells nice, but tastes terrible. 类似sound, look, taste, feel。8.知识点8.as well意为“也”。通常放在句末，相当于too。例：I can speak Chinese and I can speak English as well. 辨析：as well, also, too和eitheras well副词短语，多用于口语中，用于句末，前面通常不用逗号隔开also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末，常用于肯定句中too多用于口语中，位置常在句末，前面常有逗号隔开either用于否定句中，常用于句末。在肯定句变成否定句时，其中的also，too，as well都要变成either。 Eg：.He can swim _. He _ wants to go there. Im a boy,_. He does not want to go,_.9.知识点9. take care of 意为“照顾，照料”，相当于look after，其中care做名词。 take good care of 相当于look after.well,表示“照顾好.”例:Can you take care of the baby?10.知识点10. miss 想念，错过例：I miss my classmates in my primary school. He missed the train.11.知识点11. make fun of 意为“取笑某人”等于“laugh at sb”“play jokes on sb”例：Dont make fun of your classmates. 12 .知识点12.She is good at Maths. be good at 意为“擅长；在.方面做得好”，at后跟名词，代词或动名词。 与do well in意思相近。 例： Im good at Chinese. =I do well in Chi