2019届高考英语一轮题型练Unit1Lifestyles（含解析）北师大版必修1.docx

Unit 1 Lifestyles李仕才一、阅读理解AIf you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news-if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”“Food,” he said, “isnt just material to be burned-its a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easilyB. They need more energy to be activeC. They can look younger than they areD. They will live a longer life like humans2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break downB. They make proteins in the cells slowlyC. They will produce high quality proteins moreD. They may need more time to repair themselves3.Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by _.A. telling a storyB. listing basic dataC. making comparisonsD. experimenting on mice4.What does the text mainly deal with?A. Food decides how long you liveB. Can you slow down your aging process?C. Eating less may help you live longerD. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。 B(2017石家庄高三调研检测)The Bazaar of Bad DreamsAuthor: Stephen KingUS author Stephen King is wellknown for creating contemporary horror, supernatural fiction and science fiction stories.His latest book delivers a generous collection of stories with hidden connections.The master storyteller also includes insight into why and how he came to write them.Magnus Chase and the Gods of AsgardAuthor: Rick RiordanA troubled kid named Magnus Chase has lived alone on the streets of Boston since his mothers mysterious death.His life changes when he meets Uncle Randolph, a man his mother warned him about.Randolph reveals that Chase is the son of a Norse god.Chase is then tasked with searching for a lost weapon to save the world from monsters.Little Victories: Perfect Rules for Imperfect Living Author: Jason GayThere are always moments in our lives when we feel doomed to be imperfect.In this collection of humorous essays, The Wall Street Journals columnist Jason Gay tells us that，when we mess things up, we should just give ourselves a break and celebrate the things we did right.Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words Author: Randall MunroeHave you ever been puzzled by complex terminology(术语)? Has it prevented you from learning about science? This fascinating book provides simple explanations and line drawings to explain essential science concepts.The books author is the man behind the popular science blog, What If.【解题导语】本文是四本书的简介。1What do the first two books have in common?AThey are not about real life.BThey are both science fiction.CThey are both collections of stories.DThey are both humorous.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“supernatural fiction and science fiction stories”和第二段的“monsters”可推知，前两本书都不是有关真实生活故事的书。2Whose book is your best choice when you feel dissatisfied with life?AStephen King. BRick Riordan.CJason Gay. DRandall Munroe.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三本书Little Victories：Perfect Rules for Imperfect Living并结合题干可推知，如果对生活不满意，那就去读Jason Gay写的这本书，其主题就是在不完美中发现完美。3Which may attract those who have difficulty learning about science?AThe Bazaar of Bad Dreams.BMagnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard.CLittle Victories: Perfect Rules for Imperfect Living.DThing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This fascinating book provides simple explanations.science concepts.”可推知，Thing Explainer：Complicated Stuff in Simple Words这本书能够帮助解决学习科学的一些障碍，故选D。4What does Randall Munroe differ from other authors?AHe inspires readers to live a perfect life.BHe writes blog posts on popular science.CHe is wellknown for supernatural fiction.DHes written a story about the son of Norse god.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“The books author is the man behind the popular science blog, What If.”可知，Randall Munroe与其他作家的不同之处在于他在网上写与大众科学相关的博客。CEveryone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the bodys metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (动脉). The monkeys blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Ketas heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _.A. heisstillverymuchaliveB. hecannotavoidfinaldeathC. hismostimportantorgansaredamaged foreverD. he still has the possibility of getting back to life2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _.A. cooltheorganismB. delaythecomingofbiologicaldeathC. slowdownthebodysmetabolismD. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life3.The text mainly talks about _.A. clinical death and biological deathB.an experiment on a monkeyC. the meaning of deathD. the process before death4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _.A. Keta was impoliteB. Keta was healthyC. Keta was illD. Keta was crazy【文章大意】本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段内容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选D。3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科学家们想办法延长临床死亡；第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要论述了临床死亡和生理死亡，选A项。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.”（她的行为无异于健康动物的行为），可推知划线部分句子说明Keta是健康的，故选B项。D(2017海南五校高三模拟)How many girls in this world fall behind? The answer is hardtoo many to count.This is why the phrase “Go Get It Girl” popped_up in my head one day.This would be my project.Thus begins the journey of my Gold Award project, the largest and most important step of Girl Scouts(女童子军)Go Get It Girl is a girls selfempowerment (自主授权) project centered on a website called . It focuses on areas including education, health, and financial literacy.The education section includes information on applying to college and maintaining good grades.The health section contains information on basic health and selfrespect.Lastly，the financial literacy section has all the information a girl needs to manage her money properly.As part of my project，I was able to work oneonone with girls in elementary，middle，and high school; I gave a speech at a local high schools College Night.I spoke to Hispanic girls and their parents about applying to college.In addition, I worked with an organization called Cool Girls, Inc.Cool Girls is an organization focused on the advancement of girls in all aspects of their development.I worked at the afterschool program, Cool Girls Club.The girls I worked with were primarily minorities, and Cool Girls truly helped them to rise above any current difficulties in their lives.To provide inspiration for the girls who visit , I interviewed successful women in my community, including a doctor and business owner.The project has been a lot of work, and its not over yet.It will never be over, hopefully, because I will always look for ways to help girls.【解题导语】本文介绍了作者所从事的帮助女孩的项目以及具体的项目内容等。1. What does the underlined phrase “popped up” in Paragraph 1 refer to?ATook root. BGained popularity.CMade its way. DAppeared all of a sudden.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“This is why the phrase.in my head one day.Thus begins the journey of.”可知，该短语的意思为“突然出现”。故选D项。2What does the writer mainly tell us in the first paragraph?AWhy the writer started “Go Get It Girl”BWhy many girls fall behind.CHow Girl Scouts is founded.DWhat Girl Scouts refers to.A解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“This is why the phrase.”以及下文的内容可知，该段主要介绍了作者从事该项目的原因。故选A项。3. What can help a girl learn how to make both ends meet?AEducation. BCool Girls Club.CFinancial literacy. DCollege Night.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lastly，the financial literacy section has all the information a girl needs to manage her money properly.”可知选C项。4Why did the writer interview successful women in the community?ATo finish the Gold Award project as soon as possible.BTo offer good ideas to girls visiting .CTo promote the local community construction.DTo seek financial support for the project.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To provide inspiration for the girls who visit ，I interviewed.”可知，作者采访社区内的成功女性是为了给浏览的女孩们提供灵感。故该题选B项。二、七选五Coming facetoface with your inadequacies(缺点)can be painful，to say the least._1_ It even makes you question yourself.Your kneejerk reaction may be to get defensive or even dismiss the critique entirely.But handling negative feedback with grace will not only make you look gracious，but it could ultimately help you grow as a person.Heres how to do it.1Be objective about the criticismBefore you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other persons opinion，take a step back and look at it objectively.Next time you get a bad review，dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate._2_2Avoid unnecessary conflictIf you decide that the point is valid，it may be hard to take.In your discomfort，you may feel the urge to criticize the other person angrily and defend yourself._3_3Be open to the idea of change_4_ And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance” that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most.4Ask questio