2012届新课标高三第二轮专题情态动词讲解.doc

高三第三轮专题 情态动词讲解编写：宋桂玲 董芳 审核：罗英 2012.5（一）can和could基本用法1.表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。He could read books in English when he was only five.2.表示客观的可能性 Anybody can make mistakes.3.表示请求建议，用could 比 can语气更委婉 (回答用原形)Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning?4.表示允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉客气。Could/Can I borrow your reference books?重点点击1.否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。You cant be serious! 你怕不是在开玩笑吧！Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? 哎呀，亲爱的，这究竟是意味着什么？2.表示“经过努力后终于能”用be able toThe fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.3.惯用形式“can not (cant)too/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么也不(过分)”，用来加强语气You can not be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过（你越小心越好）。4.can not but do sth. 不得不；只好。I couldnt but choose to wait.我只好选择等待。（二）may和might基本用法表示允许、请求。“Might I？”比“May I？”语气更为委婉和有礼貌。对于“Might I ？”的回答用“ may”；“May I ？”的否定回答常用“ mustnt / cant”重点点击1.惯用形式 may (might)as well动词原形：“不妨做”；“还是的为好”If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况是这样的话，我们不妨试试看。You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。2.表示祝愿may而不用might。采用部分倒装语序：may主语动词原形！May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! 祝愿我们两个民族的友谊源远流长！（三）must和have to基本用法1.must 表示“必须”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not/mustnt，表示“禁止、不准”。 Must I be home before eight oclock? 八点之前我必须回家吗？ Yes, you must.是的，必须的。 No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.不，没必要/不必啦。2.must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中。You must be hungry after the long walk.跑了这么远的路，你一定是饿了。重点点击1.must 还表示主语主观的坚持，有“偏偏， 偏要，一定要”之意If you must know how old I am, I tell you that Im twice my sons age.如果你一定要知道我多大年龄的话，我告诉你我是儿子年龄的两倍。2.must表示推测时的否定式是“cant”翻译为“不可能”Michael _be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. wouldnt D. mustnt（四）will和would基本用法1.用于各种人称，表示意愿或决心。will指现在，would则指过去I will do my best to help you.我愿意尽力帮助你。They said that they would help us.他们说他们愿意尽力帮助我们。2.用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求，would 比 will更委婉。其 回 答 用“will”Will you please give him a message when you see him? 你见到他时给他带个口信，好吗？3.表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“总是”，“惯于”。 will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.鱼儿离开了水会死亡的。He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.他在北京的时候，每逢星期日他常来看我。（五）shall, should和ought to基本用法1.shall用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方（听话者）的意见What shall we do this evening? 我们今天晚上做什么呢？2.should 表示“应该”，表义务，责任，也可表示劝告，建议 You should keep your promise.你应该信守诺言。3.should表示按常规、常理推测，意为“可能”或“应该”They should arrive by one oclock.到了一点钟，他们该回来了。4.提出意见、请求、建议时，可用should表示委婉、谦逊的语气，意为“可”，“倒是”I should think you are mistaken.我倒是认为你弄错了。5.ought to表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，语气比 should强；还可表推测You ought to obey your parents when they are right.父母亲对的时候，你就该服从他们。重点点击1.shall用于第二、三人称表示“警告、命令、允诺、威胁”等You shall fail if you dont work harder.你不更加努力工作，你就不会成功。（警告）You shall have the book when I finish reading.我读完了，你就可以拿走这本书。（允诺）He shall be punished.他一定会遭到惩罚。（威胁）2.Why/How should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。Why should you be so late? 你今天来得怎么这么晚？(六)need基本用法need作情态动词表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替You neednt come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。 Need he come now? 他现在就需要来吗？ Yes, he must. 是的，必须来。/ No, he neednt / he doesnt have to.不必啦。重点点击1.“Must？”一般疑问句的否定回答要用：No, neednt. Must I finish my homework now? 我现在就必须把作业做完了？ No, you neednt.不，不必啦.2.need还可以用作行为动词，其变化和一般的动词相同。若主语为动作承受者时用动词主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。We need to have a rest.我们需要休息一下。The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired.这栋房子需要修理。 (七) can ,may ,must皆可用来表示推测1.在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上“must”语气最肯定. 2.在否定句中只能用“can和may”。所以“cant”（不可能）语气比“may not”（可能不、也许不）更强。3.在疑问句中只能用“can”，不能用“may和must”。Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. willMary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.Michael _be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. mayHe may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?They cant be cleaning the room now. 他们现在不可能在打扫房间。注意：could ,might 表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can ,may。(八)情态动词+have done的用法1.could+have done：过去本可以做而实际上未能做You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 你本来能做得更好的，但你没有尽力。2.cannot+have done：表示对过去行为的否定推测He cannot have been to that town. 他不可能去过那个小镇。3.can+主语+have done：（用于疑问句）表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定Can he have got the book? 他可能得到那本书了吗？4.might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测He may not have finished the work. 他可能没有完成工作。If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.如果我们走另一条路，我们可能更早地到达了。5.must+have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film. 你肯定看过那部电影。You cannot have seen the film. 你不可能看过那部电影。6.neednt+have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本没必要浇花的，因为就要下雨了。注意：didnt need to(have to)do :没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hours ago.我没必要擦窗户。我姐姐两小时前刚擦过。7.should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.考点聚焦（一）情态动词If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might notThe World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow.A. should B. must C. will D. canWe hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. need B. must C. should D. canHelen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. canI think Ill give Bob a ring.You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. shouldThere _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt Whats the name? Khulaifi._I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might一What does the sign over there read?一No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.A. will B. may C. shall D. mustIn crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage.A. can B. may C. must D. willCould I have a word with you, mum?Oh dear, if you _.A. can B. must C. may D. shouldWhat do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cantSome aspects of a pilots job _be boring, and pilots often _work at convenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; mustYou be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cantC. mustntD. needntTheres no light onthey _be at home.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldntIve take someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to beB. will be C. mustnt be D. could beThe weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have takenAs you worked late yesterday, you _have come this morning.A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. needntI told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.A. could B. must C. might D. shouldIm sorry. I _at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shoutedGuess what! I have got A for my term paper.Great! You _read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. must B. should C. must have D. should haveHe _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cantWhere is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.You it in the wrong place.A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have putShe have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntThank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managedHe paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need高考链接2009年1. (全国卷I)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall2. (全国卷II) I cant leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 3. (北京卷) One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. should D. can4.（上海卷）It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should5.This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might6.（重庆卷）Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 7.（安徽卷）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would8.（安徽卷）But for their help，we the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished9.（福建卷）But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won10.（湖南卷） Its the office! So you know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 11.（江苏卷）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed12.（辽宁卷）The traffic is heavy this day, I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. can B. must C. need. D. might 13.（四川卷） I dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might 14.（浙江卷）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt2010年1.(全国I) Just be patient .You_ except the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 2.(全国II) Im afraid Mr.Harding _ see you now . hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 3.(安徽卷) Jack descried his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4.(北京卷)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can5.(北京卷)The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died6.(福建卷)Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow7.(湖南卷)If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow8.(湖南卷)You_ buy a gift , but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to9.(江苏卷)I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 10.(江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused11.(江西卷)I have told you the truth I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will12.(辽宁卷)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may13.(山东卷)I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt14.(陕西卷)If we _ _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken15.(陕西卷)May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt16.(四川卷) I take the book out?Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need17.(天津卷)Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt18.(天津卷)John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told19.(重庆卷)You park here! Its an emergency exit.A. wouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt20.(浙江卷) “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would21.(浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved22.(上海卷)Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt2011年1.(新课标卷) They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. will B. can C. must D. should2.(大纲卷) If you smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. may3.（北京卷）I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not4.（北京卷）Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been5. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying6.（天津卷）I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come7.I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.A. cant B. mustnt C. darentD. neednt8.（江苏卷）I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen9.（福建卷）Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .A. will B. must C. may D. can10.（福建卷）Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended11.（安徽卷）What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced12.（浙江卷）Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt13.（四川卷）The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. can B. may C. must D. should14.（重庆卷）Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should15.（陕西卷）I_ through