高考英语基础——时态.doc

选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库高考英语基础时态过去进行时1）表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作I was watching TV at seven last night.She was writing a composition from 7 to 9 this morning.He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternoon.The students were still singing when the teacher stepped in.While we were watching TV, she was talking on the phone.2)用在条件或时间状语从句中表示过去将来正在进行的动作She told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.Mother reminded the boy not to interrupt his father if he was working.3) 表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动作They were leaving for New York a few days later.She was departing the next month.(=plan to depart)He told her he was leaving soon.4) 与forever, continually, always, constantly等连用，表示某种感情色彩He was always changing his mind.他老是改变主意。（不满）My mother was constantly praising her.我母亲总是表扬她。He was fighting with the whole world.他在同整个世界作对。What a happy time they were spending!他们多么快活啊！注:过去进行时和一般过去的区别过去进行时可以表示过去反复做的动作，而一般过去时表示只做一次的动作。例如：She was waving her hand.她不断地挥手。She waved her hand.她挥了挥手。The frog was jumping up and down. 青蛙不断地跳着。The frog jumped up and down. 青蛙跳了一下。She was nodding.她不停地点头。She nodded.她点了点头。leave, arrive, start, die等过去进行时表示“快要完成，即将”，而一般过去表示“已经完成”。例如：The train was stopping.火车快要停了。The train stopped.火车停了。She was dying.她快要死了。She died.她死了。现在完成进行时1）现在完成时表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作,该时态语气很强,常译成”足足” “一直”Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come。Jim has been seeing about a driving licence for you.Since she left home, I havent been sleeping at all well. （可用否定式）表示某种感情色彩。I have been wanting to see you for a long time.Whos been telling you such nonsense?Too much has been happening these days.(多事之秋)。You have been deceiving me .(气愤)。You have been giving me everything.(感激).现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较。1）现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性：现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性，有时表示临时性质。例如：I have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了。I have been thinking it over. 我一直在考虑这件事。She has put coal on the fire.她已经在炉子上加了煤。（这件事已结束）。She has been putting coal on the fire.她刚才在炉子上加煤。（一直在做这件事），Her father has taught maths for ten years.（是否延续下去，视上下文而定）。Her father has been teaching maths for ten years.(并将延续下去)。2) 现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙。I have been wanting to hear from you for long.(亲切，礼貌)I have wanted to hear from you.Henry has been doing his work regularly.（表扬）Henry has done his work regularly.过去完成时1) 表示在过去某个动作在某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况,They had got everything ready before I came. 。I could see from her face that she had received some good news. By the and of last week she had written two papers.2)过去完成 时常用在有hardly, scarcely, no soonerthan等副词的句子中,表示“刚刚就，不等就”She had hardly (scarcely) gone to bed when the bell rang.她刚刚睡铃就响了。No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.3)intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think 等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。 I Had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasnt in.= we meant to have told herI had intended to invite her to the party.= I intended to have invited her She had hoped to take a taxi. = She hoped to have taken a taxi.动词性质和时态关系实意动词可分为两类,动作动词（动态动词 和 状态动词 （静态动词）动作动词又可分成如下四类:1) 瞬间动词 begin bring catch open close die end find get lose put start discover break fall borrow join lend hit tap knock take out瞬间动词不能延续，一般不能用于进行时态, 如用进行时，则表示反复性。这些动词也不能用于完成时态中的未完成用法的肯定句。The door is opening. (wrong)He is discovering a new animal. (wrong)She is knocking at the door. (repeatedly)I have put the book on the desk. (right)I have put the book on the desk for hours.(wrong)I havent borrowed any books from the library for a month. (right)I have borrowed this book for a week. (wrong)2) 状态改变动词get grow turn become 状态改变动词也不能延续，一般不用于进行时，如用进行时，则表示渐渐变得.这些动词也不能用于完成时态中的未完成用法的肯定句.It got dark. It was getting dark.My hair has turned grey.My hair is turning grey.We have become friends. (right)We have become friends for years. (wrong)3) 位移动词Come go arrive reach leave enter march approach move 位移动词也不能延续,一般不能用于进行时,如用,则表示将来。这些动词也不能用于完成时态中的未完成用法中的肯定句。John is arriving in Shanghai this summer.The manager is coming to inspect the factory.4) 表示持续动作的动词drink eat read write play talk work stay wait snow持续动词既可用于进行时又可用于完成时He is reading now.He has read it before. He has been reading since morning.He has left Suzhou. (right)He has left Suzhou for a week. (wrong)He hasnt left Suzhou for 20 years. (right)- Has Mr. Brown come yet? (right)- Yes. He has come for 5 minutes. (wrong)状态动词 （静态动词）状态动词可再分为四类：1）to be 和含有to be意义的动词apply to =be true ofcompare =be like =be as good ascost =be equal in value todepend on = be dependent ondeserve = be worthy ofdiffer from = be different fromMatter = be of importanceResemble = be likeStand for = be a substitute forWeigh = be of a certain weightseem appear prove look sound=be nearly/almostThis rule is applying to everyone. (wrong)此类状态动词不能用进行时，但能延续。可用于完成时态的肯定句和否定句。Mary is resembling her mother. (wrong)How much are you weighing? (wrong)The world is belonging to the youth.(wrong)She has been a teacher for a year.(R)He hasnt been a coach for two years.(R)2) to have 和含有to have意义的动词own possess holdTo be 一样，不可能于进行时，但可用于完成时。I have a book. I am having a book. (W)I am having breakfast. (R)I have had the recorder for 5 years. (R)His father is owning a plantation. (W)3) 表示生理感觉的动词hear see feel smell taste等表示感觉的动词,当它们表示被动含意时,不能用于进行时;当它们表示主动含意时,feel,taste,smell 可以用于进行时,see和 hear 分别以其相应的动词look at 和listen to 的进行体代替。I (can) feel a pin in it somewhere.Im feeling this cushion.I (can) taste peper in it. It tastes hot.Im tasting the soup.I (can) smell gas. It smells awful.Im smelling the flower.I (can) see a bus in the distance.I am looking at the bus in the distance.I (can) hear what he is saying.Im listening to what he is saying.4) 表示心理或情感状态的动词Forget remember think know mean believe Agree want wonder realize understand hope wish suppose此类动词一般不可用于进行时,但可用于完成时。Are you realizing what I said? (W)I am believing that we have met before.(W)Exercises1. Tell the difference.He wrote a letter last night.He was writing a letter last night.She hoped to get full marks.She had hoped to get full marks.They have played football this morning.They have been playing football this morning.2. Make corrections if necessary.I have been thinking of you all these days.How are you thinking of the performance?Has Tom arrived yet?He has come for ten minutes.I have joined the League for three years.The coat is costing me 50 yuan.I am forgetting my English.选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 (按ctrl 点击打开)选校网（）是为高三同学和家长提 供高考选校信息的一个网站。国内目前有2000多所高校，高考过后留给考生和家长选校的时间紧、高校多、专业数量更是庞大，高考选校信息纷繁、复杂，高三 同学在面对高考选校时会不知所措。选校网就是为考生整理高考信息，这里有1517专业介绍，近2000所高校简介、图片、视频信息。选校网，力致成为您最 强有力的选校工具！产品介绍：1.大学搜索：介绍近2000所高校最详细的大学信息，包括招生简章，以及考生最需要的学校招生办公室联系方式及学校地址等.2.高校专业搜索：这里包含