2016年全国统一考试大纲考试说明及样题（英语）.doc

2016年全国统一考试大纲考试说明及样题英语I. 关于考试要求的说明一、语言知识要求考生了解和掌握普通高中英语课程标准（实验附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。二、语言运用1. 听力听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。（2）获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。（3）对所听内容作出简单推断话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话语含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或是表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。 2. 阅读理解阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。（2）理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。（4）作出简单判断和推理阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。（5）理解文章的基本结构英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。3. 写作写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：(1) 准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或问接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词组等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。II. 关于考试形式与试卷结构的说明试卷由第I卷和第II卷组成。第I卷包括第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节，为选择题。第II卷包括第三部分的第二节和第四部分，为非选择题。 第一部分 听力（以下红色字体为15版广东省考试院高考英语听说考试大纲）I.命题指导思想 命题遵循选拔性考试的规律与要求，贯彻普通高中新课程的理念，反映本学科课程标准的整体要求，考查考生对英语语言基础知识的掌握和理解程度，注重考查考生在特定的语言环境中运用语言完成任务的能力和综合运用英语语言知识的能力。 II.考试范围与内容 根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的普通高中课程方案(实验)和普通高中英语课程标准(实验)，确定2015年广东省普通高考英语科听说考试考试大纲的内容。 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(以每年颁布的考试大纲为依据)，要求词汇量为3500个词左右。 二、语言运用 听力要求考生听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能： (1)理解主旨和要义; (2)获取具体的、事实性信息; (3)对所听内容做出推断; (4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。 口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能： (1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法; (2)做到语音、语调自然; (3)做到语言运用得体; (4)使用有效的交际策略。 III.考试形式 英语科听说考试的时间约30分钟。采用计算机辅助考试，试卷满分60分。评卷采用人工评卷和计算机评卷相结合的方式。 IV.试卷结构和题型 英语科听说考试的内容、题量、计分和时间安排如下： 英语科听说考试最终计入总成绩的分值=卷面成绩(满分60分)0.25，四舍五入取整数计分。 V.题型说明 A节模仿朗读，要求考生观看一段大约一分钟的片断，然后考生开始模仿训练：先阅读文字稿，再对照文字稿听录音。完成训练之后考生开始模仿朗读：考生对照片断的字幕朗读，要求考生的语音、语调和语速尽可能与片断保持一致。 B节角色扮演，要求考生观看一段大约两分钟的片断，明确自己拟要扮演的角色以及要完成的任务。看完片段之后首先根据中文提示，准备20秒钟后用英语提出三个问题，计算机将回答考生的提问;然后计算机向考生提出五个问题，考生必须根据自己所听的内容(包括片段和计算机的回答两部分)回答问题，回答问题之前考生有10秒钟的准备时间。 C节故事复述，要求考生先听一段大约两分钟的独白，录音播放两遍。考生准备一分钟之后开始复述所听的内容。要求考生尽可能使用自己的语言复述，而且复述内容应涵盖尽可能多的原文信息点。选取的独白其体裁主要以记叙文和议论文为主。VI.样题 广东省普通高考英语科听说考试的样题共八套，详见广东省教育考试院监制的2015年广东省普通高考英语科听说考试考试大纲及样题光盘。 本部分共两节，测试考生理解英语口语的能力。第一节：共5小题，每小题1.5分。要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料仅读一遍。第二节：共15小题，每小题1.5分。要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料读两遍。听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束后，考生有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。本部分所需时间约为20分钟。第二部分 阅读理解本部分共分两节，测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。第一节：共15小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容不少于900词），从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。第二节：共5小题，每小题2分。在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。本部分所需时间约为35分钟。第三部分 语言知识运用本部分共分两节，考査考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。第一节：共20小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第二节：共10小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。本部分所需时间约为30分钟。第四部分 写作本部分共两节，测试考生的书面表达能力。第一节：满分10分。本题给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错即将其改正。第二节：满分25分。要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇100 个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。本部分所需时间约为35分钟。试卷题目数、计分和时间安排如下：部分节题目数量分 数时间（分钟）第一部分：听力第一节57.520第二节1522.5第二部分：阅读理解第一节153035第二节510第三部分：语言知识运用第一节203030第二节1015第四部分：写作第一节101035第二节125总计80+1150120参考试卷普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语样题 本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）。第1卷*至*页，第卷*至*页。考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第卷 注意事项： 1答第卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMost animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系)which is good for both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites(寄生虫)on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals(珊瑚) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as dustmen, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from receiving light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.21. Some birds like to sit on a sheep because .A. they can eat its parasitesB. they enjoy travelling with the sheepC. the depend on the sheep for existenceD. they find the position most comfortable22. The underlined word they in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to .A. birds and parasitesB. birds and sheepC. parasites and sheepD. sheep, birds and parasites23. We learn from the text that corals depend on plants for .A. comfort B. lightC. food D. oxygen24. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C. Some plants depend on each other for food.D. Some animals live better together.BThe idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but thats exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.Car makers research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise.Physicists have known about the technique for a longtime. Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air. If two sound waves of the same frequency(频率)mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time as the lowest point of the other wave, the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle(周期) ,we can kill the unwanted noise. Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systems(系统)both inside and outside the cars.Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer; this not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less fuel and work better.Some engineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars within a few years. But the carmakers havent decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars.25. Which of the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works?A. By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction.B. By mixing high frequency sound waves with low frequency sound waves.C. By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together.D. By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little later.26. Besides its main use the noise-killing system can .A. make a car lighterB. make a car quieterC. reduce the cost of a silencerD. improve the performance of a silencer27. The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because .A. it is still being tried outB. drivers still have their doubtsC. it increases the cost of car productionD. carmakers are not sure if it is necessaryCDuring the summer holidays there will be a revised schedule(修改过的时刻表) of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged(安排) ,will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.In the summer holidays, buses going to the town centre will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to7:00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm.All students who want to use the library lending services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next weeks student newspaper.28. The main purpose of this text is to .A. tell students of important schedule changesB. tell students of new bus and library servicesC. show the excellent services for studentsD. ask students to renew their library cards29. At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall?A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30C. 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00D. 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:3030. In the summer holidays, the library will have .A. no special hoursB. special hours on weekdaysC. special hours on weekendsD. special hours both on weekdays and weekends31. We may infer that during the summer holidays .A. few students will stay in the universityB. no breakfast will be served on weekendsC. the student newspaper will sell more copiesD. there will be a concert or a film each WednesdayDEVENTSBicycle tour and raceA bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55-kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive (竞争性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside at Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.Cost: 200 yuanTelephone: 4675027Brazilian footballersThe Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guoan Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26. The club has four national team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.Ticket prices: 60,100,150 yuanTime/Date: 4:30 pm, August 26(Sat.)Telephone: 5012372Rock climbingThe Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the HuairouMountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition of climbing. Free for spectators (观众).Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.Time/Dates: 9-12 am, August 26 and 27Telephone: 7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua32. The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about .A. visiting teamsB. famous playersC. things to do for the weekendD. prices to pay for the sports events33. The underlined word leg in Bicycle tour and race probably means .A. race B. practiceC. part of the training D. part of the tour34. What is special about the rock climbing competition?A. A foreign team takes part in it.B. You dont have to pay to watch it. C. You dont have to be a sportsman to take part. D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free.35. If you want to find something to do just for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?A. 4675027 B. 7143177C. 5012372 D. 7144850阅读理解命题分析1长度：阅读材料一般较为简短，最长不超过350个单词。2题材：比较丰富，有日常生活、科普、人物传记、历史、地理等。3体裁：较为广泛，有记叙文、说明文、应用文等。4来源：广泛，各类书籍、报纸杂志、活页宣传材料等。阅读理解考查能力分析阅读理解能力是指对文章整体和局部信息的理解和掌握情况。1整体信息：文章的主旨要义；作者的态度、意图；上下文的逻辑关系等。2局部信息：分散于文中的特定信息。阅读理解解题步骤1通读全文，掌握大意2问题先行，阅读随后3仔细审题，重点再读4全面理解，归纳推理5分析验证，确定答案阅读理解解题策略1细节理解题查读法。多注意who，what，when，where，why，how问题。 (1)直接信息题：从题干中找关键词快速通篇阅读定位与关键信息词相关的信息句仔细核对，比较内容找到答案。(2)间接信息题（语意转换题）：四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，而是借助于同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等对原文信息进行适当转换。2主旨大意题(1)分类：主题类标题类作者意图类(2)主题句定位： 用浏览法( skimming)。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句、尾句即可。主题句大多出现在文首、文末或中间，主题句首尾呼应也较为常见。(3)正确选项特点：通常不含细节信息或意义绝对的词；能概括文章的全部内容。(4)干扰项的特点：主题变大断章取义以偏概全无中生有似是而非3推理判断题 (1)细节推断：运用泛读( scanning)方法，迅速确定推理依据的位置或范围。(2)综合推断：综合考虑上下文，把握作者的写作思路，通过作者阐明的问题或观点，推断因果关系、文章发展脉络、作者的深层观点等。4词义猜测题(1)通过上下文信息猜测；(2)通过定义猜测；(3)通过同位关系猜测；(4)通过转折或对比关系猜测；(5)通过因果关系猜测；(6)通过句法功能猜测；(7)通过构词法猜测。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 36 This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too far from the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall. 37 He decided to turn his little school house into a dormitory(宿舍楼) for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the school house was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. 38 This was the first hostel(青年招待所).Today, young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other. When young people arrive at the hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. 39 Often, at the evening meal, a group of boys and girls from various parts of the country or world will happen to meet at the same hostel. They may put their food together and prepare a dinner with many kinds of dishes. Sometimes a program will be organized after the meal with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period. 40 For this reason, a few weeks spent hosteling can be just as useful a part of ones education as classes in school.A. In 1970, a young German school master had an idea which changed this situation.B. People can stay in the hostel if they brought enough equipment with themC. One can learn a lot about other places, just by meeting people from those places.D. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearbyE. For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe seldom left their cities to see the beauties of the countryside.F. More and more young people went to the hostel for summer holidays.G. This card will permit them to stay in a hostel all over the world for very low prices.七选五命题分析1体裁：多是说明文和议论文。2设空类型：段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节理解类、段落总结类。3考查重点：句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，主题归纳。七选五解题五步骤1找全文主题句，整体把握2找各段主题句，做好铺垫3查看七选项，找关键词，注意衔接标志，筛选代入4全文检查：内容完整，语意通顺，逻辑关系合理5查看被排除选项，进一步确定排除理由七选五解题四技巧1句意判断法2词汇锁定法3关联逻辑法4设题位置法第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research 42 her. They want to see how civilized(驯化) she can 43 . Alreadyshe can do many things a human being does.For example, she has been learning how to exchange 44 with people. The scientists are teaching her 45 language. When she wants to be picked 46 , Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 47 she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.Washoe has also been 48 to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a 49 with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 50 . After she considered the 51 ,she got a tall box to 52 . The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a 53 pole. Then she climbed onto the 54 , grasped(抓取) the pole, and 55 down the food with the pole.Washoe 56 like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard 57 in the lab, she goes home. 58 she plays with her toys. She 59 enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to 60 more about people by studying our closest relativethe chimpanzee.41. A. foolishB. simple C. special D. ordinary42. A. for B. on C. to D. by43. A. experience B. change C. develop D. become44. A. actions B. views C. messages D. feelings45. A. human B. sign C. spoken D. foreign46. A. out B. at C. on D. up47. A. when B. until C. since D. while48. A. trained B. raised C. ordered D. led49. A. hole B. zoo C. room