But用法拾零.doc

But 用法拾零 2004/05/07 08:42 英语辅导报 but一词在英语中占有举足轻重的地位,在练习题或高考题中出现的频率较高。but既可作连词、介词、副词又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法。现对其用法作以归纳。一、but用作连词1.用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、从句相互对照,作但是;然而;可是解。如:She is young but very experienced.她虽然年轻但经验丰富。2.用于表示歉意的话语后,表示有礼貌地拒绝或不赞成。如:Im sorry, but I disagree with you.对不起,我不同意你的意见。3.引导从句,与前面的否定词对应,作无而不解。如:It never rains but it pours.不雨则已,一雨倾盆。I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。二、but用作介词1.与no, nobody, nothing, none, who等词连用,作除之外解,用来排除同类,从整体中除去一部分。如:Nobody knew her but me.除我以外,没有人认识她。Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处。2.but前若有do的某种形式(did,does)时,but后的动词不定式就省略to;若无则带to。如:We had no choice but to wait.除了等待我们别无选择。He did nothing all day long but watch TV.一整天他除了看电视无所事事。3.与last, next及one, two等连用,作倒数第二、第三等解。如:Jack was the last but one to arrive.杰克是倒数第二个到达的。Take the next turning but two on your left.在你左方第三个转弯处转弯。三、but用作副词1.相当于only,意为不过;只,后面跟名词或动词。如:Tom is still but a child.汤姆只是个孩子。2.用在can后意为只能;用在cannot后意为不得不。如:I can but hurry back.我只能赶紧回来。I cannot but admire his bravery.我不得不钦佩他的勇气。3.用在too.to.结构前表肯定意义。如:Im but too glad to go there with you.我非常高兴和你一起去那里。四、but的习惯用语1.but for=without意为要不是;如果没有,相当于虚拟条件句。如:But for the rain (If it didnt rain), we would have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。But for your help, we couldnt have carried out the plan.如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划。2.but that=except that意为若非;要不是,引导虚拟句。如:He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。3.but then=on the other hand意为不过;在另一方面。如:London is a noisy place, but then its also a place where you get the best entertainment.伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。4.nothing but=only意为只;不过是。如:We could see nothing but water.我们只看见一大片水。5.not.but.意为不是而是。连接两个并列成分,后面可跟名词、形容词、副词、短语、从句等。如:My bag is not black but red.我的书包不是黑的而是红的。The letter is addressed not to me but to you.这封信不是写给我的而是写给你的。He failed not because he isnt clever but because he didnt work hard.他失败了不是因为他不聪明而是因为他没努力。6.not only.but also.意为不但而且;既又,连接两个并列成分。如:Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.不但你而且她也必须参加这次会议。He not only teaches us English but also does other things.他不但教我们英语而且还干别的事情。7.not that.but that.意为不是而是。如:Not that the car is out of order