（试题 试卷 真题）专题16阅读理解之人物传记类（解析版）

专题16 阅读理解之传记类【2013高考试题】（2013新课标卷)A Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, We need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.36.What dose the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are unwilling to take advice.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are quick learners of CRM.37.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_.A. he saved the plane by speaking upB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. his boss landed the plane too lateD. his boss operated on a patient38.In the last paragraph”landing gear up” probably means _.A.following flying requirements.B.overreacting to different opinions.C.listening to what fellow doctors sayD.making a mistake that may cost lives39.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC.The Making of a Good PilotD.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor（2013大纲卷）ADoctor are known to Be terriBle pilots. They dont listen Because they already know it all. I was lucky: 】Became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years Before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, But Becoming a pilot makes me a Better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew Bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned aBout crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew memBers should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read aBout CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in Bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so Busy Because of the Bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a Better pilot - and my Boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, We need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.56.What dose the author say aBout doctors in general? A. They like flying By themselves.B. They are unwilling to take advice.C. They pretend to Be good pilots.D. They are quick learners of CRM.57.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_. A. he saved the plane By speaking upB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. his Boss landed the plane too lateD. his Boss operated on a patient58.In the last paragraph”landing gear up” proBaBly means _.A.following flying requirements.B.overreacting to different opinions.C.listening to what fellow doctors sayD.making a mistake that may cost lives59.Which of the following can Be the Best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC.The Making of a Good PilotD.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor（2013江西卷)第二节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其段落大意，然后从36至55各题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Diane Ray was completely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气)if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 .That was why she was alone on the 39 , wearing an expensive swimsuit. It has taken a massive tantrum to 40 her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house, 41 from the tantrum she had thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving 42 . “Dangerous?” she had said. “You just dont want me to have 43 . Im going and if you try to stop me, Ill scream.” “What are you doing ?” a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know that the man was there 44 he spoke . “Im going diving, ” she answered. “You shouldnt swim that day, ” the man 45 . “There is a storm coming up.” “You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves. “If you go out there youll be 47 ,” the man called after her. She did not bother to reply.Diane slipped into the water and dived 48 until white caps began rolling in and it became harder to 49 against the current (水流). Saltwater hit against her face, making it 50 to breathe. Oh, why had she not listened to advice.Panicking, she began to 51 . Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a 52 voice. “Hold on ! Im coming.” With 53 , she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her. “I hope youve learned a lesson. You put us both in 54 , ” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the 55 . Gratefully, Diane thanked him and ran towards the beach-house.36.A. eitherB. neitherC. nothingD. everything37.A. jumpB. lieC. spinD. sleep38.A. set outB. set inC. gave inD. gave out39.A. beachB. bedC. floorD. ship40.A. allowB. warnC. getD. prefer41.A. changingB. recoveringC. appearingD. traveling42.A. aloneB. awayC. againD. aside43.A. timeB. moneyC. foodD. fun44.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. once45.A. decidedB. intendedC. advisedD. repeated46.A. businessB. swimsuitC. friends D. parents47.A. angryB. sorryC. confusedD. excited48.A. nervouslyB. sadlyC. shylyD. happily49.A. riseB. swimC. stopD. row50.A. difficultB. easyC. comfortableD. suitable51.A. speakB. singC. sniffD. scream52.A. calmB. frighteningC. beautifulD. disgusting53.A. regretB. reliefC. interestD. ease54.A. powerB. safetyC. dangerD. thought 55.A. houseB. waveC. beachD. boat（2013山东卷)BGeorge Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of Americas greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs. Many of Gershwins songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country. In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular. In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works. George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written. 61. Many of Gershwins musical works were _ . A. written about New Yorkers B. Composed for Paul WhitemanC. played mainly in the countrysideD. performed in various ways 62. What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?A. It attracted more people to theatresB. It proved jazz could be serious music C. It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra D. It caused a debate among jazz musicians. 63. What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?A. He created one of his best works B. He studied with Nadia BoulangerC. He argued with French critics D. He changed his music style64. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Many of Gershwins works were lost B. The death of Gershwin was widely reported C. A concert was held in memory of GershwinD. Brain cancer research started after Gershwins death. 65. Which of the following best describes Gershwin?A. Talented and productiveB. Serious and boring C. popular and unhappy D. Friendly and honest （2013重庆卷)BOne of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world. His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website. Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.Let us now have a culture of peace.Federico Mayor Zaragoza, SpainFederico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy(药学)from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999, he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays. Writing is a discovery.Nadine Gordlmer, South AfricaDue to a weak heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages. In 1991, Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature.Jazz is about the only form of art today.Dave Brubeck, USADave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951, he recorded his first album(专辑). Brubecks 1959 album has become a jazz standard. He received a Grammy lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.For more figures CLICK HERE.60.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?A. Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.B. Because they are physically impressive.C. Because their accomplishments inspired him.D. Because they have similar experiences.61.According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza_.A. has won many awards for his work in politicsB. has served as the president of a universityC. has devoted all his life to the field of scienceD. has made achievements in different areas62.Who most probably said “My education has been the library and books” in the interview when reflecting on his/her experience?A. Andrew Zuckerman.B. Federico Mayor Zaragoza.C. Nadine Gordimer.D. Dave Brubeck.63.What is the main purpose of this web page?A. To show Zuckermans awards.B. To publicize Zuckermans project.C. To spread the wisdom of the three people.D. To celebrate the achievements of the three people.【2012高考试题】【2012山东卷】BOne of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task. So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane. Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _. A. came out before minor died B. was edited by an American volunteer C. included the English words invented by MurrayD. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary62. How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary?A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.C. He provided a great number of words and quotationsD. he went to England to work with Murray. 63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?A. He was shut in an asylumB. He lived far from OxfordC. He was busy writing a bookD. He disliked traveling 64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because _.A. they both served in the Civil War. B. They had a common interest in wordsC. Minor recovered with the help of MurrayD. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor65. Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor?A. Brave and determined B. Cautious and friendly C. Considerate and optimisticD. Unusual and scholarly 66. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The history of the English language.B. The friendship between Murray and Minor C. Minor and the first Oxford English DictionaryD. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients 【解析】从文章的最后一句话可以推断Minor很博学，对做学问很投入，但他同时又是一个精神病人。因此用devoted, 【2012安徽卷】CWhen Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “ a ribbon （丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City , Kahlo suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven. Her spine （脊柱）become bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influences on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For mo