名词的数的用法.doc

2、 名词的数的用法 1. 可数名词的复数 1)规则变化 构成方式 例词一般情况加-scake orange student 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加-shbox watch class以辅音字母加y结尾的去y加-iesparty family baby以元音字母加y结尾的加-sboy toy day以f(e)结尾的去f(e)+ -vesleaf thief knife直接+sbelief proof roof以o结尾的+eshero potato tomato+sphoto piano radio【巧学妙记】 巧记f(e)结尾的名词之复数变化 直接+s：证据显示，悬崖、海湾、屋顶、农奴相信首领。 (proof, cliff, gulf, roof, serf, belief, chief) 去f(e)+ves：小偷妻子扫叶忙，架后发现亡命狼，命刀一下砍两半，留作晚上做羹汤。 (thief, wife, leaf, shelf, life, wolf, knife, half) 巧记以o结尾名词复数加-es的单词 黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆、西红柿。 (Negro, hero, mango, potato, tomato)2) 不规则变化 构成方式 例词改变名词中元音字母man foot tooth改变名词词尾child mouse(老鼠)单复同形Chinese deer yuan某国人的复数Japanese Englishman German 合成词的复数以man/woman作第一部分的，都变，否则，后变man doctor woman doctor girl classmate apple tree中间无连字符或间隔的，后变girlfriend boyfriend storyteller中间有连字符或间隔的，前变passer-by looker-onson-in-law复合词中无名词的，最后动词后+sgrow-up has-been(过时的人)hang-up(麻烦，问题)只有复数形式trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, stockings, socks形复实单maths, physics, politics, news【巧学妙记】 各国人变复数：中日瑞不变, 英法荷变，其余s加后面。 Chinese, Japanese, Swiss单复数同形；Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman中man变为men； 其余各国人，如German, American, Indian等均在后面直接加-s。 单复数同形：中日养(羊)鱼鹿有方法。 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, fish, deer, means . (注：fish表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是fishes)3) 集体名词的复数变化 形单实复的：人们在路上驱赶家禽与牛群，遇上警察民兵在维护治安，却见旁边一僧人在为死去的害虫祈祷(people, poultry, cattle, police, militia, clergy, vermin) 可单可复的：family, class, crew(船员), audience(听众), government, group, team等。当这些名词指整体时，视为单数；指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。 Her family is going to move. Her family are football fans. 2. 不可数名词的复数 不可数名词的复数有两种表达方式: 1) some, any, no, a bit, a little等修饰语+不可数名词 some water/milk 2) 基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词(数词决定量词单/复数形式) a glass of water two glasses of milk three boxes of pears 中考常考不可数名词：information, weather, news, advice, fun等。【小试牛刀】写出下列名词的复数形式1.teacher _ 2.wish_ 3.name _ 4.orange_5.number _ 6.apple_ 7.bus_ 8.eraser_9.photo_ 10.tomato_ 11.country_ 12.friend_13.knife_ 14.foot_ 15.boy_ 16.mouse_17.toy_ 18.factory_ 19.family_ 20.monkey_ 将下列词组译成英语：1. 一群孩子_ 2. 两箱子苹果_3. 一副眼镜_ 4. 三张纸_5. 四瓶橘汁_ 6. 五杯茶_五、名词的格的用法名词的格名词+/s结构所有格一般词尾+sthe boys father, Jacks books 复数 名词以s结尾的+the teachers office, the twins dad不以s结尾的+sthe childrens toys 所有 关系各自的各自+sJapans and Americas problem共有的最后+sLucy and Lilys room表“某人家、店铺”，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, my unclesthe teachers of结构 所有格无生命的事物常用of结构表示所属关系the window of classrooma picture of the wall 名词的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用of结构a long story of a 50-year-old manthe struggle of the poor 双重所 有格名词+of+名词所有格This is an article of Lu XunsHe is a friend of mine his/hers名词+of+名词性物主代词 特殊 情况一些表距离、时间等无生命的东西的名词所有格ten minutes walk three days holidaytodays newspaperfor: a ticket for the movie a check for 1500to: the key to the door answers to the questions小试牛刀1. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours2. The mother over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary3. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks4. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friendB. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father5. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers一、写出下列词的复数1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _ 4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _ 7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_ 10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _ 13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、单项选择( ) 1.We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news( ) 2.Look at the flowers! They are in different _: red, yellow, pink A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names( ) 3.Id like _ grapes and pears. Oh, I only need _ orange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few( )4. What would you like to drink? _, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread ( ) 5.-You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? -Oh, sorry. Its a(n) _ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business( ) 6.We should not eat _ meat. A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( ) 7.I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( ) 8.This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters( ) 9. When autumn comes, _ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down. A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves ( ) 10.-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you? -OK. Lets go and buy some A. orange B. bread C. chocolate( ) 11.Hurry up. There is _ time left. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few( )12.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _. A.work B. news C.job D. ideas ( ) 13. You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information( ) 14. The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service( ) 15. Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! - How nice!. A. look B. noise C. voice( )16.June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens( ) 17.-Would you like some _? -No,thank you.Im not hungry at all. A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread( ) 18. -Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? -Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. has ( )19.Why are you still waiting in line? -Ive missed my _ . A. place B. order C. turn D. time( )20.It was very hard for me to make a_but J decided to leave my job. A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech1. In the streets there are_ of different colours and sizes.A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis2. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the medical college.A. woman doctors B. womens doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctors3. Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises.A. girl students B. girls students C. girls students D. girls students4. The waitress brought us_.A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. glass of juice5. The news reporter has collected_ about the private schools in the city.A. lots of informations B. a lot of information C. much of information D. many informations6. This is_ to students of English. A. a useful advice B. useful advice C. one of useful advices D. a piece of useful advice7. It was freezing cold outside, so we made_ in the office. A. fire B. the fire C. a fire D. some fire8. We need plenty of _ and fresh _.A. the sun, airs B. suns, airs C. suns, air D. sun, air9. They were happy with their_ in their studies.A. great progresses B. great progress C. many progresses D. lot of progress10. Finally Billy got _ as a waiter in a cafA. a job B. a piece of job C. a work D. a piece of works11. Sorry, my husband is not in. Would you leave a message? All right. Please give me _.A. a few papers B. some pieces of papers C. some paper D. a paper12. Bob dropped_ of milk on the ground and cut his finger on some broken_.A. a glass, glass B. a glass, glasses C. the glass, glasses D. glass, glass13. He took down _ while he was listening to radio English.