文化与文明比较.ppt

Culture Civilization 英语92朱惠敏21109206 culture thecustomsandbelieves art wayoflifeandsocialorganizationofaparticularcountryorgroup acountry group etc withitsownbelieves art music literature etc thoughtofasagroup civilization astateofhumansocietythatisverydevelopedandorganized asociety itscultureanditswayoflifeduringaparticularperiodoftimeorinaparticularpartoftheworld Culture fromtheLatinculturastemmingfromcolere meaning tocultivate Cultureistraditionallytheoldesthumancharacter itssignificanttracesseparatingHomo 人属 fromaustralopithecines 更新纪灵长动物 andManfromtheAnimals Theconceptfirstemergedin18th and19th centuryinEurope Itconnotedaprocessofcultivation 种植 orimprovement 完善 asinagricultureorhorticulture 园艺 Inthenineteenthcentury itcametoreferfirsttothebetterment 改善 orrefinement 改进 oftheindividual especiallythrougheducation Originanddevelopment Inthetwentiethcentury culture emergedasaconceptcentraltoanthropology 人类学 theevolved 进化了的 humancapacitytoclassifyandrepresentexperienceswithsymbols 符号 andtoactimaginativelyandcreatively 2 thedistinct 截然不同的 waysthatpeoplelivingindifferentpartsoftheworldclassifiedandrepresentedtheirexperiences andactedcreatively AncientEgyptianart 1 400BCThePersian波斯Hasht BeheshtPalaceDifferentcultures CivilizationThewordcivilizationcomesfromtheLatincivilis meaningcivil 民间 andrelatestotheLatincivis meaningcitizen andcivitas meaningcity ThewordcivilappearedinEnglishmeaning oforrelatedtocitizens In1704 civilizationwasusedtomean alawwhichmakesacriminalprocessintoacivilcase Civilizationwasnotusedinitsmodernsensetomean theoppositeofbarbarism 野蛮 ascontrastedtocivility meaningpolitenessorcivilvirtue 公民德性 untilthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury Themapofworldcivilization MidtownNewYorkCity Citiesareahallmark 特征 ofhumancivilization TheGreatPyramidofGizaisthemostrecognizablesymboloftheAncientEgyptiancivilization TheGreatWallofChina builtfromthe5thcenturyBC hasbecomethesymboloftheChinesecivilization comparison Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs values arts music customs behaviors andartifacts 人工制品 thatthemembersofsocietyusetocopewiththeirworld andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning 文化是人类生活的反映 活动的记录 历史的积沉 是人们对生活的需要和要求 理想和愿望 是人们的高级精神生活 她包含了一定的思想和理论 生存的方式和方法 Civilizationisacomplexsocietythathascities socialclasses andgovernment Cultureisjustoneaspectofcivilization It spossibleforaculturetoexistwithoutcivilization butacivilizationcannotexistwithoutculture Inaddition acivilizationcanencompass 包含 morethanoneculture 一个文明可以孕育出多种文化C