2011届高三第一轮词汇复习学案[牛津英语模块八].doc

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用江苏省沭阳高级中学2011届高三第一轮复习英语学案Unit 1 The written word (Module 8)【考点释析】1. This makes them difficult for some people to read, and often, the classics are left to gather dust on shelves. 这使一些人阅读起来有困难，经典文学作品常常被遗忘在书架上尘封。 make + 宾语 + adj. + (for sb.) to doToo many new words make the passage difficult for children to read. 也可以转换成：make + it + adj. (for sb.) to do sth.Too many new words make it difficult for children to read the passage. 2. I dont think that these classic novels would be made into films if they had nothing to do with life today. 我想这些经典小说如果与现代生活毫无关系的话，是不会被改编成电影的。 I dont think that 形式上否定主句，而实际上否定that从句，注意其反义疑问句的构成, 与从句一致。I dont think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，是不是? makeinto 把变成 We can make this room into a study. The success of the film made her into a star overnight 这部电影的成功使她一夜成名。3. He died in 1870 and his tomb reads “By his death, one of Englands greatest writers is lost to the world.他于1870年去世，墓碑上这样写着：“他的去世令世界失去了一位最伟大的英国作家。” read vi. 写着; 内容是 = sayThe sign reads “No admittance”. 告示牌上写着 “禁止入内”。I saw a sign in front of the shop reading / which read “No admittance.”4. Classic novels often have symbols which add interest, tension or deeper meaning to the text. 经典小说中往往有一些象征,这些为原文增添了趣味、紧张、或者更深层次的含义。 add . to 把 加到 上 Would you please add these names to your list? The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。 Add up all the money I owe you. 把我欠你的钱全部加起来。 Abraham Lincolns whole education added up to no more than one year. (总计)5. The fortune sets him free from financial worries.这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧。 setfree (from ) 使.获得自由; 使没有束缚 The angry people overthrew the government and set themselves free from the cruel rulers. 愤怒的人们推翻了政府，自己从暴君的统治下解放出来。 be free from noise / wind / care 不受噪音干扰/无风/无忧无虑6. Excited by his move to London, Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. 搬到伦敦让皮普兴奋不已，他迫不及待地开始了他的新生活。 excited 形容词作原因状语；adj或adj 短语还可以做伴随状语，表状态。 Frightened, she asked me to go with him. Thanks to the police, the little girl returned home safe and sound. (安然无恙地) can hardly/not wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做. I can hardly wait to leave this place behind. 我迫不及待地想离开这个地方。7. Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London. 当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不喜欢。 句型: like / dislike /enjoy / hate + it +when 从句 I like it when she smiles. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人们嘴里吃着东西说话。 Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer8. be bent on sth/doing sth 一心想要做，决心要做 He is bent on winning at all costs. 他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。 She seems bent on making life difficult for me. 她似乎专门和我过不去。9. settle vi/vt 解决(问题)； 定居；(飞鸟) 落在上；停息; The question will be settled tonight. She settled in London after her fathers death. The butterfly settled on the flower. I settled my daughter on the sofa and put a blanket over her.11. abuse vt./n. 虐待，滥用，辱骂 shout abuse at sb 大骂Its strange that the mother should abused her own child. 真奇怪这位母亲竟然虐待自己的孩子What she did was an abuse of her position as manager. 她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。Journalists covering the case have been threatened and abused. 报道此案的新闻记者遭到了恐吓和谩骂。12. resist vt./vi. 抵抗，抵制，反抗 resist doing sth.The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。He tried to pin me down, but I resisted. 他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。Jim couldnt resist making jokes about his baldness. 吉姆忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑。 resistance n. 抵抗，对抗 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的 be resistant to 对有抵抗力 The plant is resistant to cold weather. 13. at the sight of 看到，一看到catch sight of 看到，一看到We all laughed at the sight of his strange clothes. We all laughed when we caught sight of his strange clothes. 我们一看到他奇怪的衣服都笑了。 at first sight 初见，第一次看见 have good eyesight 有好的视力 in sight在视线之内 out of sight在视线之外 14. have a reputation for 以而获得名声He has a reputation for his laziness. 他因懒惰而出名。 当have a reputation结构后用的是“being +形容词”时，for可以用of代替。She has a reputation of being generous. 她因慷慨大方而博得好评。15. transformvt./vi. 使改变,使改观,使变形 transformation n. C,U 变化,改观 transform sb. / sth. from into 把.从.变成It was an event that would transform my life. 这是能彻底改变我一生的事.The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown girl into a star.这部电影几乎使她一夜之间从一个无名女孩变成了明星. 16. tend (vi.) to + 动词原形 有的倾向; 易于 （= have a tendency to do）He tends to get angry when people oppose his plan. 当人们反对他的计划时，他很容易生气。It is said that women tend to live longer than men. 据说女性通常要比男性活得更长久。I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous. 我紧张时总爱唠叨。 tend (vt.) 照料, 护理 well-tended gardens Doctors and nurses tended the injured. 医生和护士护理受伤者。17. compare A to B 将比作. comparewith 比较,对比The writer of the poem compares his lover to a red rose.那首诗的作者把他的爱人比作一朵红玫瑰.It is interesting to compare their situation with ours. 把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思.Compared with Pan Changjiang, Yao Ming is tall. (注意句子主语和分词之间的逻辑关系)Comparing Pan Changjiang and Yao Ming, you will find Yao Ming is tall.【短语记忆】1. 很受欢迎；受到好评be well received2. 过时的电影old-fashioned films3. 与无关have nothing to do with4. 在占有一席之地have a place in 5. 获奖电影an award-winning film6. 被拍摄成电影be made into films7. 被搬上舞台be performed on stage8. 做出一个突然决定make an abrupt decision9. 迫不及待地做. can hardly wait to do10. 养成了的缺点develop the shortcoming of 11. 一心要做be bent on doing sth.12. 对善良、友好be kind and good to13. 被认为是. be seen as14. 一大笔钱a large sum of money15. 对有偏见be prejudiced against/have prejudice against16. 结识. make the acquaintance of17. 撵走，抛出，扔掉 throw out of18. 被抓住 get caught19. 用旧袜子做成球 make a ball out of old socks20. 在有天赋 have talent for 21. 一看到 at the sight of22. 伤心地叹了口气let out a sad sigh23. 一个负债累累的贫困家庭a poor family with many debts24. 一夜间全国闻名become famous nationwide overnight25. 靠维持生计earn ones living by doing sth.26. 趋向于更加感情化tend to be more emotional27. 是的典型特征be typical of28. 民谣中常见的主题a common theme of ballads29. 由组成consist of / be made up of30. 某一种生活方式 a certain way of lifeUnit 2 The universal language (Module 8)【考点释析】1. I witnessed the first of only eight performances of witnessed vt. 当场见到 目击 n. 目击者, 见证者 The police are looking for those who have witnessed the fight that took place last week.警察正在寻找那些目击上周发生的打架事件的人。 witness sbdoing sth. 目击某人正在做；doing sth.是宾语补足语。 witness sb/sthbeing done 目击正在被；being done是宾语补足语。 witness to sth. 某事的目击者Millions of people all over the world witnessed ShenZhou being launched into space.全世界数百万人目睹了神舟七号被发射升空的场景。Will you act as (a) witness to the agreement between us? 您做我们协议的见证人好吗？2. star （line 3） n./vi./vt. (starred, starring) 主演 Sb. star in a film.= A film star sb. The film If you are not the one starred the famous film star Ge You. = The famous film star Ge You starred in the film If you are not the one.电影非诚勿扰由著名影星葛优主演。3. cast (cast, cast ) (line4) vt. 扔；投；抛； vt. 为选派演员；分派角色给cast a stone 扔石头cast the net 撒网cast a long shadow 投下长长的影子 The young director is casting his first film. He wants to cast Pan Changjiang as the role of a beggar. 这个年轻导演在为他的首部电影选派角色，他想让潘长江演一个乞丐。4. dare 的用法 (line 21) 用作情态动词，表示“敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中。She dare not say what she thinks. 她不敢说出自己的想法。How dare you say such a thing? 你怎么敢说这种事？If you dare call me that name again, you will be sorry. 要是你再敢叫我那个名字，你会后悔的。 用作及物动词，后接带to的不定式，可以用于各种结构。用于否定句时，其后的to可以略去。The girl did not dare (to) go home to face her stepmother. 女孩不敢回家面对她的继母。I dont know how she dares to wear that dress. Ive never dared to go back to look. 5. threaten vt. 恐吓；威胁；预示的凶兆 (line27) threat n. 威胁；恐吓He threatened to make the photo public. 他恐吓说要把那张照片公开。The robbers threatened the old couple with a gun. 那些强盗用枪威胁那对老夫妻。The heavy black clouds threaten a storm. 乌云密布预示着暴风雨将到来。6. aloud (line31) adv. 出声地（发出声音，不一定高） loudly adv. 大声地；吵闹地（暗含喧闹之意）； loud adv./adj. 大声地/的；响亮地/的（-er, -est）Its necessary to read aloud English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是必要的。Their baby screamed the loudest. 他们的孩子哭叫起来声音最大。The little woman is always speaking in a loud voice. 那个小老太太总是大声地讲话。The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。7. direct （line40） vt./vi. 给某人指路；指导；指挥；担任导演Can you direct me to the station? 你告诉我到车站怎么走好吗？The officer directed them to advance. 指挥官命令他们前进。Id rather act than direct. 我愿意当演员，不愿意当导演。8. condemn vt .判刑；处刑；声讨；谴责 (Part E)Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.大部分人都愿意把暴力行为视为恶行加以谴责。 be condemned to death 被判死刑 sb. be condemned for因被判刑/谴责9. anchor vt. 使固定，系牢 be anchored in 扎根于之中Make sure the table is anchored. 务必要把桌子固定好。 Her novels are anchored in everyday experience. 她的小说取材自日常生活经验。10. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 be essential for/ to sth be essential to do sth It be essential that sb (should) do sth. Money is not essential to happiness.钱对于幸福而言并不是必要的。 Experience is essential for this job.经验对于这份工作来说是必要的。 It is essential that we (should) separate the two groups. 将这两组隔开是完全有必要的。11. decline vt./ vi. 拒绝；谢绝；变小/弱/少； n. (力量、权力、数量的) 消减 I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她加入我们，可是她婉言拒绝了。His health is declining. 他的健康状况越来越差。 decline to do sth.拒绝做 on the decline 在消减；在衰退The spokesman declined to comment on this issue.发言人拒绝对此问题加以评论。 The population of Shuyang is on the decline. = The population of Shuyang is decling.= There is a decline in the population of Shuyang. 沭阳的人口数量在减少。12. draft vt. 草拟；起草（文件）；选派；抽调；征召；征募； n. 草稿，草案 draft a contract/ treaty起草一份合同，条约 He was drafted into the army. 他被征召入伍。 This is only the draft of my speech.这只是我的演讲稿。13. appeal vi. 恳求，呼吁；吸引；上诉 n. 恳求，呼吁；吸引力；兴趣；上诉 appeal to sb 吸引某人；投合某人的心意； appeal to sb for sth. 为某事而向某人呼吁 appeal to sb to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事，恳求某人做某事； appeal to the law 诉诸法律The idea appealed to Mary. 这主意正合玛丽心意。The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. 警察呼吁群众不要惊慌。She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高级法院上诉。These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.这些学科对于大部分学生来说已经失去了吸引力。 appealing adj. 有吸引力的14. break up 解散；解体；分手Their marriage broke up ten years ago.他们的婚姻十年前就解体了。She told me she had broken up with her boyfriend.15. 省略1) 在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中, 常省略与主句相同的主语和be动词。Errors, if (there is) any, should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利环视四周，似乎在寻找什。She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力。2) 在when (或if, where, wherever, whenever, as soon as, than等) + possible/necessary中可理解为中间省略了it is (或was)。Answer these questions, if (it is) possible without referring to the book.如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。When (it is) necessary, you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。 3). 强调句式 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的剩余部分” 有时承接上文，可以把句式中的 “that + 句子的剩余部分” 省略。Where did you find him? It was in the lab where we did experiment (that I found him).【短语记忆】1. towards the end of his life 在他生命的最后时期 2. be set in Japan以日本为背景3. couldnt be better不可能更好 (最好)4. shortly afterwards过后不久5. fall in love with sb爱上某人6. take on a classic love triangle呈现出经典的三角恋7. be drunk with power醉心于权力8. exercise control over对实施控制9. break ones promise收回承诺10. by sunrise在日出之前11. be desperate to do sth.不顾一切地去做12. torture sb.折磨某人13. win her affection赢得她的爱情14. a moving final duet一段感人的终曲二重唱15. fall silent突然静下来16. stage the opera把这歌剧搬上舞台17. combine the very best of A and B结合A和B的优点18. transform into把变成19. the key components关键要素20. a review of an opera一个歌剧评论21. take a brief look at简要地回顾一下22. play an important role in起着重要作用23. be anchored in起源于24. an essential part of的必备部分25. be replaced by流行趋势被取代26. be intended for被用于27. start out performing开始表演28. racial discrimination种族歧视29. regain his earlier charm恢复早期魅力30. break up解散31. masses of大批、大量、很多Unit 3 The world of colors and light (Module 8)【考点释析】1. In the Louver Museum is the famous Mona Lisa painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. 卢浮宫里有意大利画家列奥纳多达芬奇著名的油画蒙娜丽莎。 表示地点的介词或副词短语作状语放在句首时，句子要用完全倒装。把整个谓语部分提到主语前面。East of the city is a tree of 300 years.城市的东面有一棵三百年的树。2. range vi. （在一定范围或幅度内）变动；变化 range fromto；range betweenand 从到/在和之间变化Their conversation ranged widely.他们谈话所涉及的范围很广。 She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from cook to baby-sitter.（注意分词形式）她曾经干过许多不同的工作，从厨师到保姆。3. distribute: 分发；分配；传播；散布；发行 分销 distribute sth. among/ to sb. 把分发给某人The Red Cross and some other organizations distributed food to the earthquake victims.红十字会和其他一些机构将食品分发给地震灾民。 Many companies distribute our products in European countries. 许多公司在欧洲国家经销我们的产品。 distribution n. 分发；分配；分布；经销；分销 distributor n. 销售者；分销者4. appetite n. 食欲；胃口欲望；爱好 She has completely lost her appetite since the operation.手术以后，她彻底地失去了胃口。 The walk has given me a good appetite.散步使我胃口大开。 have an appetite for 喜爱；渴望Its natural that everyone (should) have an appetite for the beauty. 人人都爱美，这是很自然的事。 to ones appetite 合某人的胃口；投某人所好 A lot of businessmen and officials in Taiwan gave Wu Shuzhen valuable jewelry and money, which was exactly to her appetite.台湾的许多商人和官员送给吴淑珍珍贵的首饰和钱，这正是投其所好。5. explore vt. 探索；探究；探测exploration n.explorer n. 考察者；探测者 The mainland of China will link up with Taiwan to explore the nearby sea for oil. = The mainland of China will link up with Taiwan in oil exploration. 中国大陆将与台湾合作探测附近的海域寻找石油。6. abandon vt. 放弃；丢弃；遗弃 They had to abandon the match because of the rain. 因为下雨，他们只好终止比赛。 Many young couples abandoned their little children to their grandparents and went to cities for jobs. 许多年轻夫妻把小孩丢给爷爷奶奶，自己进城打工。7. Tourists paid him small fees for these early works, and considering his later fame, they got a real bargain. 旅游者付给他很少的钱，购买他这些早期作品，鉴于他后来的名望， 旅游者的确买到了便宜货。 pay sb. some money for sth付钱给某人买下某物； considering his later 就而论；照说来；鉴于；考虑到；在句子中作状语。Considering his age, the child reads very well. 就他的年龄来说，这个小孩读得很好。= Taking his age into consideration, the child reads very well. bargain n. 交易；合同；协议；廉价货； v. 讲价；谈条件 At that low price the coat is really a bargain. 按那样低的价钱出售，这衣服是便宜的。Finally I made a bargain with them. 最终我和他们达成协议。 bargain with sb. about / over / for sth. 与某人就某事/某物讨价还价She bargained with the shop owner till he sold her the fruit cheaply.她和店老板讨价还价，直到他把水果便宜地卖给了她。8. In 1983, he was admitted to the Beijing School of Art.1983年，他被北京美院录取。 admit vt. 1) 承认 admit (to) (doing) sth admit that-clause admit sth./ sb. to beHe admitted having told a lie./ that he had told a lie./ the lie that he had told.他承认撒了谎。She admitted (to) being too strict with her children. 她承认对孩子过于严厉。2) 准许进入；准许加入（俱乐部，组织）；接纳（入学） admit sb./ sth. into / to sth. sb. be admitted to/intoThey have all been admitted to/into college. 他们全被大学录取了。 admission n. 承认，供认，入场费9. It was while at the New York School of Art that he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.正是在纽约艺术学院里，他在绘画中尝试使用不同的材料，比如布或塑料等。 这是一个强调句型，被强调的是while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式。Its today that hes going. 他是今天走。It was here that he chiefly differed from me. 他和我的主要不同就在这儿。 experiment with sth. 用做实验 experiment on sth. 在身上做实验Many people dont like the idea of experimenting on animals.许多人不赞成在动物身上做试验。He wanted to experiment with different materials in his paintings. 他想在画中尝试用不同的材料。10. Cut up some strawberries for eyes, peaches for ears, and a mushroom for a nose. 把草莓切碎做眼睛，桃子做耳朵，蘑菇做鼻子。 cut up 把切成小块；切碎；剁碎 You should cut up your meat before eating it. 你应该把肉切开再吃。 cut down 砍倒 cut in 插嘴，打断 cut back on 减少；削减 cut off 中断，停止；割掉；剪掉 cut short 中断；停止11. Next put the glue where you want to put the string.然后，在你想要放绳子的地方涂上胶水。 where 引导一个地点状语从句，修饰谓语动词put。 You can put the books where you want to (put them). Where there is a will, there is a way. where 还可以引导名词性从句。 I dont know where he works. (宾语从句) Where he lives is a secret.(主语从句) My difficulty is where I can get enough funds to start the project. (表语从句) Many college graduates are facing the same problem where they can find jobs. (同位语从句) where 还可以引导定语从句 He still lives in the town where he was born. (限制性定语从句) Drivers should be more careful near schools, where there are likely to be many students. (非限制性定语从句)【短语记忆】1. talented artists有天赋的艺术家2. develop different styles of painting创造了不同的绘画风格3. be represented as被描述成4. fly to Paris飞往巴黎5. a lady with a mysterious smile带着神秘微笑的夫人 6. make a lot of scientific discoveries作出许多科学发现7. in the field of astronomy在天文学领域8. range fromto从到；在和之间变化ra