主谓一致.doc

主 谓 一 致主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：I often help him and he often helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。 二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；e.g. The crowd were surrounding the government official.人群包围了这位政府官员。主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Maths is my favourite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。四、注意的规则1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下三种情况：1）and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：He and I both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。Time and tide for no man. 岁月不待人。2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。A.表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter iron and steelB.配套事物：a knife and forka watch and chaina needle and threadThe knife and fork on the desk.3）连接的并列主语被each, every，many a 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl in the class diligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。注意： each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。Each of us something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说2.主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：The teacher, together with his students, planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树.3. 如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What he is doing very important.他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。4. 不定代词all, some, any, none等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。All the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All the apple rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。None of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。None of the money left. 一点钱也没剩下。5. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。6. 名词如people，cattle，police，trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；而形复义单的名词如news;以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics, politics, 国名如the United States; 报纸名如the New Times; 书名如Great Expectations(远大前程)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The scissors sharp.No news good news.Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens in 1860.7. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有 family, class, army, crowd, team, group等。His family going out. 他们全家要外出。His family all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。8. 有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, fish等。如：Not every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。Not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效9.表示一类人的“the +形容词(分词)”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。a. The rich often live in large cities in China.b. The lost been found.10. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，其谓语动词常用单数。如：a. Ten years is not a long time.10年的时间并不长。b. Two hours enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。11. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, 百分制以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。如：A part of the students arrived.部分学生已到了。A part of the apple been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。12. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。（here）There a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.=There two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.=There several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.13. 用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also，notbut等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。a. Neither you nor I wrong.Neither I nor you wrong.b. Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.Not only the teacher but also the students listening to the music.14.a number of +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.这个周末许多学生将去野炊。The number of the students in our school is more than 3000.我们学校学生的数量超过了3000.15.population单独使用时，谓语动词用单数；但如果与数字搭配在一起时，谓语动词用复数。The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本的人口多得多。Seventy percent of the population of China are peasants.中国百分之七十的人是农民。Step 3 PracticeIChoose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.1.Our family (is/are) not poor any more. 2.He has to worry. His family (is/are) waiting for him. 3.The class (is/are) more than forty in number.4.The class (have/has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.5.Not only you but also he (is/are) wrong. 6.Neither you nor he (is/are) right. 7.There (is/are) two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. 8.Here (is/are) a map and a handbook for you. Step 4 Consolidation1.On the wall two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth;is B. Two fifth;areC. Two fifths;is D. Two fifths;are3.There a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. Has4.All but one in the accidentA. was killed B. were killedC. will be killed D. are killed5.Zhangs family rather big, with twelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. Was6.Nobody but Jane the secret.A. know B. Knows C. have known D. is known7.When and where to build the new factory .A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided8.A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered9.Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after anotherA. is B. are C. am D. Be10.A woman with