北京地区成人本科学位英语复习资料—词汇.doc

学位英语复习资料1第二部分 词汇第一节 形近词和近义词1、abroad adv. 到（在）国外【搭配】from abroad 从国外回来；go abroad 到国外去【用法】表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。如：She often goes abroad on business.她经常到国外出差。【辨析】abroad, aboard, broad 和board单词 意思 例句abroad adv. 在国外或海外 He often goes abroad.aboard adv. 在船（或飞机，车）上broad adj. 宽广的 He has very broad shoulders.board v. 上（船，飞机，车） The passengers are boarding the plane now.2、accept v. 接受【辨析】accept 和receive：accept 表示“接受”，而receive 表示“接到，收到”。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt accept it.例（1）He is an honest official and never B any gifts from people who sought his help.A. received B. accepted C. expected D. took up解析句意：他是一个诚实的军官，从来不接受任何向他求助的人的礼物。expect 期望；take up 开始从事，着手处理。（2）So far(迄今为止) I havent A any instructions as to(关于) what to do next.A. received B. accepted C. achieved D. recovered解析句意：迄今为止，我没有收到下一步工作的指令。achieve 获得；recover 恢复。3、accident n. 意外或偶然发生的事故【搭配】by accident 偶然地（= by chance）【辨析】accident, incident 和event指意外或偶然发生的事故，尤指不幸的，损害性的事故。accident如：There have been fewer traffic accidents lately. 最近很少发生交通事故。用于表示突发事件或偶发事件，政治上也可以指“事变”。（即小事件，大事变）incident如：Were there any excitingincidents during your journey? 旅行中有什么惊喜吗？指具有重要意义的历史事件，也可引申为重大事件，还可指“比赛项目”，其复数可指时event 事，时局。如：Which events have you entered for? 你参加了什么项目？例 C of cheating customers with false goods should no longer exist.A. Events B. Accidents C. Incidents D. Happenings解析用假产品欺骗顾客的事件不应当发生。4、accuse v. 指责，指控【搭配】accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事【辨析】accuse, charge 和sue：三个单词都有“指责，指控”的意思，但与之搭配的介词不同。accuse sb. of sth. 如：His boss accused him of carelessness.charge sb. with sth. 如：The policecharged the driver with reckless driving.sue sb. for sth. 如：Smithsued his neighbor for damaging his house.例（1）The customer accused the cook C using canned potatoes.A. for B. with C. of D. against解析句意：顾客指责厨师使用罐装土豆。（2）He was accused C stealing from the shop.A. with B. in C. of D. at解析句意：他被指控在商店盗窃。（3）The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and B him of speeding.A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived解析句意：警察把他拦下，指控他超速驾驶。charge sb. with 指控某人；blame sb. for 为某事责备某人；deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某事。学位英语复习资料25、acquire v. 取得，获得【辨析】acquire, require 和 inquireacquire 取得；获得；学到（知识等） 如：acquire knowledge 获得知识inquire 打听，询问 如：inquire a persons name 问一个人的姓名require 需要 如：We require more help.我们需要更多的帮助。例Mr. Smith gradually D a knowledge of the subject.A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired解析句意：Smith 先生逐渐获得了关于这门课的知识。achieve 取得（胜利、成功等），实现（目标、目的等）；attain 达到（目的等），取得（成就等）。6、act n. 行为，动作；v. 行为，举动【搭配】act on 按照行事【辨析】act, action 和deed动作，行为。一般强调一个具体的、简单act 的动作。常用短语：put on an act 装腔作势如：Act, not words, is what we need. 行动，而非空话，才是我们所需要的。行动，行为。与act 同义，但多指抽象、反复性行为。常用词语：take action 采取行动action如：Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过言辞。n. 行为，事迹。一般指永久性行为及其结果，特别是好的行为和事迹。deed 常用短语：in name, but not in deed 有名无实如：Lei fengs deeds will live forever. 雷锋的事迹将流芳百世。例（1）You should act B the advice of your doctor.A.to B. on C. at D. as解析句意：你必须按照医生的建议去做。（2）We all know that D speak louder than words.A.movements B.performances C.operations D.actions解析句意：我们都知道行动胜过言辞。movement 运动；performance 表现，表演；operation 操作，运转。7、addition n. 加；增加；加法【辨析】in addition 和in addition to这两个词组都可表示“除了，此外”等意思，用来表示两个事物或动作之间的增补关系。但两者的语法功能和用法不同。in addition 是一介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as well，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，一般位于两个句子中间或位于句末。位于两句中时，常用一逗号与句子隔开。如：There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newly-built hotelsthere.in addition to 是一短语介词，其后接名词或代词等作其宾语，意义大体相当as well as 和 besides。如：In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.8、adopt v. 收养，采纳，采用【辨析】adopt 和 adaptadopt：收养。如：Since they have no children, they decided to adopt a little girl.采纳，采用。如：He adopted our suggestion.adapt：使适应（用于短语adapt sb. to sth.）。如：I have adapted myself to the college life.例As they havent a child of their own, theyre going to D a little girl.A. accept B. receive C. adapt D. adopt解析句意：因为他们没有自己的孩子，他们打算收养一个小女孩。9、advise v. 建议【搭配】advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；advise doing sth. 建议做某事【注意】后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do 的形式。【辨析】advise sb. to do sth. persuade sb. to do sth. 和try to persuade sb. to do sth.“劝说某人干某事”，其结果可能是劳而无功。advise sb. to do sth.如：She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldnt listen.学位英语复习资料3她劝她的父母戒烟，但他们不听。persuade sb. to do “说服某人干某事”，其结果是成功的。sth. 如：Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last. 汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟了。try to persuade sb. “尽力说服某人干某事”，相当于advise sb.to do sth。to do sth. 如：I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed. 我尽力劝他继续学习，但没有成功。10、affect v. 影响【辨析】affect 和effectaffect 影响（动词），如: Smoking affects health.effect 效果，影响（名词），如：Government policy will not have any effect on us.【短语】have effect on sth. 对有影响，对起作用；cause and effect 因果关系例（1）The disease C his mind so that he lost his memory.A. effected B. impressed C. affected D. hurt解析句意：这种病影响了他的思维，因此他失去了记忆力。（2）Once out of the earths gravity, the astronaut is A by the problem of weightlessness.A. affected B. effected C. inclined D. reflected解析句意：一旦失去了地球的重力，宇航员将会受到失重的影响。incline 有倾向；reflect 反映，体现。11、ago adv. 以前，以前【辨析】ago 和before（1）ago 表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”，意思是“距今以前”，需和过去时或过去进行时连用。before泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”，意思是“距过去某时以前”，常和完成时连用，尤其在间接引语中。如：I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before.（2）如果不具体表明多少时间以前，只用before 不用ago，意为“从前、以前”。before 仍以副词的形式置于被修饰语后。如：Have you seen this film before? 你以前看过这部电影吗？12、alike adj. 相同的，相像的；adv. 相同地；同样地，相等地adj. 相同的，相像的如：My mother and I are alike in many ways.adv. 同样地，相等地如：The twins were dressed alike.I learned a lot from teacher and students alike.【辨析】alike, like 和likely（1）alike 形容词，“相像的”（作表语）。如：She and her mother are alike in appearance.（2）like 介词，相像的。 如：He looks like his brother.（3）likely 形容词，可能的（常用短语be likely to do）。如：He is likely to be absent from school today.13、alive adj. 活的【用法】表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。【注意】可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive 把某人活埋【辨析】alive, live, living, lively 和lovely（1）alive 活的（表语形容词）。如：To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live. 一个人不是为了活才生，而是为了生才活。（2）live 活的（不死的），有生命的（作定语）；直播的（节目）。如：Mother bought some live fish yesterday. 昨天妈妈买了几条活鱼。Live programme 直播节目（3）living 活着的（在世的，现存的），（尤指）现在的。如：He is one of the greatest living composers in the world. 他是在世的最伟大的作曲家之一。（4）lively 活泼的。如：He is always a bright and lively child. 他是一个聪明活泼的孩子。学位英语复习资料4（5）lovely adj. 可爱的，秀美的；令人愉快的，美好的。如：You look lovely in blue. 你穿蓝衣服看起来很漂亮。14、all adj./pron. 全部【辨析】above all 和after all，in all，at all“首先、最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中。above all如：But above all tell me quickly what I have to do. 可首先快些告诉我该做什么。after all “毕竟、终究、终归、到底”，可位于句首、句中或句末。“总共”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。in all如：There are 25,000 people in all. 这儿共有25,000 人。用于否定句，“丝毫；根本”。at all如：He doesnt like you at all. 他根本不喜欢你。例（1）I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. B , shes a big girl now.A. Above all B. After all C. First of all D. For all解析句意：我想我们应该让Maria 和他的男朋友一起去宿营。毕竟她现在已经长大了。“for all + 名词”意为“尽管”，如：For all his wealth, he was unhappy. 尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。（2）It isnt so much whether he works hard; The question is whether he works C .A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all解析句意：问题不在于他是否努力工作，问题是他究竟现在还工作不工作。15、almost adv. 几乎，差不多【辨析】almost 和most，mostlyalmost adv. 几乎 如：It was almost dark when he reached there. 他到那里的时候，天差不多黑了。adj./n. 大多数的，大部分的如：Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。I was in Shanghai most of the time. 我大部分时间在上most 海。adv. 十分，非常，很（用来修饰副词，形容词或动词）如：Guilin is a most beautiful city. 桂林是座非常美丽的城市。mostly adv. 通常，在多数情况下 如：She is mostly out on Sundays. 她星期日通常外出。16、alone adj. 独自一人的【辨析】alone 和lonely（1）alone“独自一人”，没有感情色彩，只作表语。（2）lonely“孤独；寂寞”，能作定语和表语。如：When she is alone, she feels lonely. 剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。【辨析】alone 和onlyalone, only 均可表“只有”，但alone 须置于被修饰词之后，only 往往置于被修饰词前。如：He alone can remember the story. 只有他才能记起这段经历。(= Only he can remember the story.)【辨析】altogether 和all together“完全”（=entirely）或“总的说来”（=on the whole）altogether 如：He was not altogether satisfied. 他不完全满意。Altogether, he was satisfied. 总的说来，他是满意的。“一起”或“总共”all together 如：Lets sing the song all together. 我们一起唱歌吧。All together fifty people have registered. 总共有五十个人登记了。17、although conj. 尽管【辨析】although，though 和as三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although 用法较正式，语气较强；though 较常用；as 则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：（1）状语从句由although, though 或as 引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however 等并列连词，但可有yet 或still 等副词。although 与though 常可互换。如：Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。学位英语复习资料5（2）as 表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as 之前。though 也可这么用。如：Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。如：Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.虽然他是个孩子，但他会说两门外语。（3）though 可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although 却不能。如：They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。（4）although 只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(= as if)”，不能说even although 或as although。如：I believe you are on dutyeven though youre in plain clothes.尽管你穿着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。18、amaze vt. 使（某人）惊讶【短语】be amazed at 对感到惊奇【辨析】amaze 和amuse（1）amaze 使某人惊讶。如：I am amazed at his excellent performance at the party last night.（2）amuse 给某人以娱乐。如：I bought some books to amuse myself on the train.例（1）When he was set free after twenty years in prison he was amazed A the changes he found.A. at B. in C. on D. to解析句意：入狱二十年后被释放时，他惊讶于这个世界的变化。be amazed at“对感到惊奇”。（2）Life on earth is A varied and complex.A. amazingly B. amusedly C. amazedly D. amusingly解析句意：地球上的物种复杂多变的令人惊讶。19、among prep. 在中间【辨析】among 和between：（1）among 在中间（三者或三者以上之间）。如：Our house is hidden among trees.（2）between 在两者之间。20、answer n./v. 回答【用法】及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to 搭配，answer to 的答案【辨析】answer，reply 和respond：用作动词，都可表“回答，答复”。（1）answer 是常用词，后可接letter（回信），question（回答问题），doorbell（开门），telephone（接电话），advertisement（应征广告）等。（2）reply 意为“回复”，较正式，只作不及物动词，可与to 连用。如：He has replied to my letter. 我的信件他进行了恢复。（3）respond 意为“回应”，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to the question. 他很快就回答了问题。另外，respond 还可表“对反应，响应”。21、apply vt./vi. 申请，运用，应用【辨析】apply for 和applytoapply for “申请，请求”，如：I want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。applyto “把应用到”，如：We should apply a theory to practice. 我们应当把理论应用于实践。22、arise vi. 出现，发生，起源于【辨析】arise, rise, raise, arouse 和rousearise vi. 起源于（和from连用），出现如：Accidents usually arise from carelessness. 车祸通常源于粗心。rise vi. 上升如：Black smoke rose from the chimney. 黑烟从烟筒中冒出。raise vt. 举起如：He is too weak to raise the heavy box. 他身体虚弱，举不起这个重盒子。arouse vt. 引起，导致如：His behavior aroused the interest of the neighbors. 他的行为引起了邻居的兴趣。rouse vt. 唤醒学位英语复习资料6如：My mother will rouse me from my sleep every morning. 妈妈每天叫我起床。例（1）The problem has C simply because you didnt follow my instruction.（1992）A. raised B. risen C. arisen D. aroused解析句意：问题已经出现了，仅仅因为你没有遵循我的指导。（2）Problems will B if you do it this way.A. rise B. arise C. raise D. arouse解析句意：如果你这样做事，将会出问题。（3）Voices were B as the argument between the two motorists(司机) became more bad-tempered.A. spoken B. raised C. developed D. increased解析句意：随着两个司机的争吵愈演愈烈，双方都提高了嗓门。raise (= lift up) ones voice 提高嗓门,高声叫喊。（4）Though A in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts ofsmall-town life.A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated解析句意：尽管在旧金山长大, 但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。本句中Though raised in San Francisco 是省略的让步状语从句。raise (= bring up) 抚养；grow 种植；cultivate 耕作；培养（友谊等）。（5）The story of the homeless orphan(孤儿) has A sympathy from the public.A. aroused B. attracted C. defended D. adopted解析句意：无家可归的孤儿的故事唤起公众的同情。23、as adv. 同样地，一样地；prep. 作为；conj. 像一样【辨析】as (so) far as 和as (so) long as（1）as (so) far as 的意思是“就而言（所知）”。如：As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers(下岗工人) have found their new jobs.就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。as (so) far as sth. is concerned 是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”。如：As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。（2）as (so) long as 意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。如：There is nothing that we cant do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。例 C we need air and water, so we need criticism and self-criticism.A. Even though B. So long as C. Just as D. Now that解析句意：正如需要空气和水，我们还需要批评和自我批评。even though“即使”；so long as“只要”；just as“正如”；now that“既然”。24、assist vt. 帮助，协助【短语】assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事助记 词根sist = stand（站立）【辨析】assist, consist, insist 和persist（1）assist 帮助（其原意为站在一旁，搀扶）。（2）consist 由组成，构成；包括，包含（常与of 连用）常用短语：consist of 由组成，包括如：Indonesia consist of more than 7000 islands. 印度尼西亚由7000 多个岛屿组成。= Indonesia is made up of more than 7000 islands.= Indonesia is composed of more than 7000 islands.（3）insist 坚持，坚持认为；坚决要求；一定要。后面可接介词on常用短语：insist on 坚决要求；也可直接连用that 引导的名词从句。如：He insisted on my going there with him.He insisted that I should go there with him. 他坚决要求我跟他一起去。25、persist v. 坚持，固执常用短语：persist in (doing) sth. 坚持做某事学位英语复习资料7如：The kind nurse persisted in reading books to the boys in the hospital. 善良的护士坚持不懈的给医院的孩子们读故事书。26、resist v. 反对，抵制例He D the temptation to buy a coat that he could not afford.A.challenged B.obstructed C.contradicted D.resisted解析句意：她不受诱惑，不去买她买不起的外衣。 resist 此处意指(= keep oneself back from)“忍住”，resist temptation 不受诱惑，afford 买得起。27、assume v.（毫无根据地）认为，臆断助记 词根sume = take（带走）【辨析】assume, consume 和resume（1）assume （毫无根据地）认为，臆断如：I assume that you have gone. 我以为你已经走了。（2）consume vt. 消耗，消费，用掉如：She consumes much of her time in studying. 她把很多时间用在学习上。（3）resume vt. 恢复，重新开始如：Negotiations are expected to be resumed soon. 预期不久就能恢复谈判。例（1）In Shanghai, people C thousand tons of watermelon every summer.A. swallow B. eat C. consume D. exhaust解析句意：在上海，每年夏天人们消耗成千上万吨的西瓜。swallow 吞咽；eat 吃；exhaust 筋疲力尽。（2）Since we are unable to finish the task in the morning. Lets stop now and B working at 3 oclock inthe afternoon.A. assume B. resume C. consume D. repeat解析句意：既然我们上午没法完成任务，现在收工，下午三点再复工。28、assure vt. 保证，使确信【辨析】assure, ensure 和insure（1）assure“使（某人）确信”，一般用作：assure sb. of sth.或者assure sb. that，后面不能直接跟that 从句。如：He assured me that it was true. 他让我相信这件事是真的。（2）ensure“保证”，后面可以接双宾语，也可以接that 从句。如：We cant ensure you a good post. 我们不能保证给你个好的职位。（3）insure“给上保险”。如：My house is insured against fire. 我的房子保了火险。29、attend v. 出席，照顾，注意，留意，专心于【用法】表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral 等词。【注意】attend to 可以表示处理、照料等。【辨析】attend, extend, intend 和tend：（1）tend：倾向，易于。常用短语：tend to do 易于如：He tends to catch cold in winter.他在冬天的时候很容易感冒。（2）attend：参加。如：When I was 18 years old, I attended college. 我十八岁的时候上了大学。（3）extend：延伸，扩展。如：The river extends eastward. 这条小河向东延伸。（4）intend：想要，打算。如：What do you intend to do next? 下一步你打算做什么？30、attribute vt. 把归于【搭配】attributeto 把归于词根tribute：贡物、礼物【辨析】attribute, distribute 和contribute（1）attribute：把归于。如：Tom attributed his failure to bad luck. 汤姆把他的失败归因于坏的运气。学位英语复习资料8（2）distribute：分发。如：The Red Cross distributes the blanket to the victims of the flood-striken area.红十字会把毛毯发给洪水灾区的灾民们。（3）contribute：捐助，捐献。常用短语：contribute to 导致，有助于如：His carelessness contributed to the car crash(车祸). 他的粗心导致了车祸。31、await v. 等待【辨析】await 和waitawait 是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions.我等待着你进一步的指示。wait：“等、等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate.我会在大门口等你。32、award vt. 授予（奖品，奖金等）；n. 奖金，奖品【辨析】award 和rewardaward 意为“授予（奖品，奖金等）”，后面可跟双宾语。可用作award a prize to sb.或者award sb. sth.reward 意为“报酬，酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。可用作reward sb. with sth. 以某物酬谢某人。例（1）She was A the top prize in the competition.A. awarded B. rewarded C. received D. accepted解析句意：她在竞赛中获得一等奖。receive“收到”；accept“接受”。（2）Such noble deeds of the doctors and nurses cant be only A with money.A. rewarded B. awarded C. praised D. valued解析句意：医生和护士的高尚行为不能仅仅用金钱来报答。praise“表扬”；value“评价，重视”。（3）A university is an educational institution which B degrees and carries out research.A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents解析句意：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。grant (= consent to give or allow what is asked for)同意（给予），答应（请求），如：The firm granted him a pension. 公司同意给予他退休金。present sb.with sth. 赠送，如：Our class presented the school with a picture. 我们班给学校送了一幅画。（4）Although social work does not aim at(为了，目的是) gaining profits, people usually find it D inother ways.A. payable B. worth C. grateful D. rewarding解析句意：虽然社会工作不是为了获取利益，但人们通常发现会有其它方式的回报。payable 可支付的，可获利的；worth 值得的；grateful 感激的；rewarding 值得的；有报酬的，报答的。（5）It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to D .A. awards B. results C. prizes D. rewards解析句意：人们普遍认为小孩学东西是因为他们的某种行为是有回报的。33、bear vt. 承受；承担；忍受；经得起如：You should bear responsibility(承担责任) for what you did. 你应当为你的所作所为负责。【辨析】bear, endure, stand 和put up withbear = stand，put up with 忍受，容忍（多指忍受疼痛或麻烦等）如：I cant bear it.endure 也是忍受，容忍的意思，但多表示忍受困难痛苦等。34、beat vt. 打败；vi. 心跳【用法】表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。【注意】heart beat 表示心跳。【辨析】beat 和winbeat 表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作宾语。（beat sb.）win 作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.他赢得了赛跑的胜利。例（1）When the Greeks had C the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens.A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit解析句意：希腊人打败波斯人后，一位士兵从马拉松跑回雅典去报信。hit 击，击中：hit a man on thehead（打在人的头上）。strike(= hit ,give a blow at blows to)打，击。strike a man on the chin（打在某人的下巴上）。win 赢得，用作此义时，后不能接某人，可以说win a match, a victory, the first prize 等。（2）The room was so quiet that she could hear the B of her heart.学位英语复习资料9A. hitting B. beating C. tapping D. knocking解析句意：房间里如此安静，以至于可以听到她的心跳声。beating 此处是动名词，指“心跳”。35、before conj. 在之前【注意】It be + 一段时间+ before在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。【辨析】before long 和long before（1）before long = soon，表示“不久以后”。如：I hope y