EN50126(译文)铁路应用可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安.doc

138PageEN 50126:1999BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 50126:1999欧洲标准Railway applicationsThe specification and demonstration of Reliability, Availability,Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)铁路应用可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性（RAMS）的技术规范和证明The European Standard EN 50126:1999 has the status of a British Standard欧洲标准EN 50126：1999具有英国标准的地位。ICS45.020ICS 45.020NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW除版权法允许外,未经英国标准机构的允许不得复制National foreword序言This British Standard is the English language version of EN 50126:1999.本英国标准为EN 50126：1999的英文版本。The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/9,Railway electrotechnical applications, which has the responsibility to:将有关英国参与工作的准备委托给技术委员会GEL/9，铁路电子技术应用，其职责为：-aid enquirers to understand the text;-协助咨询者理解文本的内容；-present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;-向负责的欧洲的委员会呈交关于解释或变更提议的有关请求，告知英国的关注；-moitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.-跟踪有关的国际和欧盟方面的进展并在英国境内进行公布。A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.关于此委员会中的代表组织的详细目录可以向委员会的秘书处索取。Cross-references交叉引用The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this docment may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.本文中所述的在国际和欧洲出版物中应用的英国标准可以在英国标准机构的标准目录中名为“国际标准对应索引”一节中找到，也可以使用“Find”命令在英国标准机构标准电子目录中查找。A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.一个英国标准并不意味着包括一个合同的所有必要条款。英国标准的使用者应对其正确的应用标准负责。Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.符合英国标准本身并不意味着免除法律责任。Summary of pages 页数小结This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 70, an inside back cover and a back cover.本文件包括一页封面、一页封二、英文标题页、第2至70页、封底衬页和一个封底。The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.本文件中显示的英国标准机构版权声明指示文件最后发布的时间。This British Standard,having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on l5 December 1999英国标准在电子技术委员会的指导下起草，在标准委员会的授权下颁布，于1999年12月15日起生效。Amendments issued since publication自颁布之日起所做修订Amd. No.修订号Date日期Comments备注BS1 12-1999ISBN O 580 35694 9EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50126NORME EUROPEENNEEUROPAISCHE NORM(此句不是英语) September 19991999年9月1CS 29.280:45.020English version英文版Railway applications-The specification and demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)铁路应用可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性（RAMS）的技术规范和证明 BSI 12-1999Applications ferroviaires-Specification et demonstration de la fiabilite, de la disponibite, de la maintenabiliteet de la securite(FDMS)(此句为德语)Bahnanwendungen-Spezifikation und Nachweis der Zuverlassigkeit, Verfugbarkeit, lnstandhaltbarkeit, Sicherheit(RAMS) (此句为德语)This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1998-10- 01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC lnterna1 Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration。本欧洲标准由欧洲电工技术标准化委员会(CENELEC)于1998年10月1日批准实施，欧洲电工技术标准化委员会的成员必须遵守欧洲标准化委员会（CEN）/欧洲电工技术标准化委员会（CENELEC）的国际规章，这些国际规章规定了给予此欧洲标准未经任何改动即作为国家标准的条件。Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.可以通过向中央秘书处或欧洲电工技术标准化委员会(CENELEC)的任何成员申请获得关于上述国家标准的更新列表和目录索引。This European Standard exists in three offlcial versions (English、French、Geman). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions。本欧洲标准有三种官方语言英语、法语、德语。欧洲电工技术标准化委员会(CENELEC)的任何成员将村、标准翻译成本国评议并通知中央秘书处，则翻译后的版本与原官方版本具有同等效力。CENELEC members are the national standards bodies of Austria. Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark. Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxernbourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.欧洲电工技术标准化委员会(CENELEC)的成员为奥地利、比利时、捷克共和国、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国的国家主体。CENELECEuropean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europaisches Komitee fur Elektrotechnische Normung欧洲电工技术标准化委员会Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels中央秘书处：rue de Stassart,36 B-1050 Brussels1999 CENELEC-All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.1999-CENELEC 以任何形式通过任何方式的所有开发权在全世界范围内保留给CENELEC的成员所有。Ref. No. EN 50126:1999Page 2EN 50126:1999Foreword前言This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical and electronic applications in railways.本欧洲标准由CENELEC TC 9X，铁路中电气电子应用技术委员会起草。The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50126 on 1998-10-01.本草案的文本已经提交正式表决并在1998年10月1日以EN 50126为编号获得CENELEC的批准。The fol1owing dates were fixed:下列的日期是确定的：- latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2000.04.01- 通过发行与国家标准一样的出版物或者经过认可， EN在国家等级上执行的最后日期 (dop) 2000-04-01- latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2000.04.01- 国家标准与EN冲突时被撤销的最后日期 (dow) 2000-04-01Annexes designated normativeare part of the body of the standard.标明“标准的”的附录是标准的一部分。Annexes designated informativeare given for information only.标明“提供信息的”的附录仅用于提供信息。ln this standard, annexes A to E are informative.在本标准中，附录A到E用于提供信息。Page 3EN 50126:1999Contents目录Page页码Introduction引言5511Scope.范围6622Normative references.标准化参考文件7733Definitions.定义8844Railway RAMS.铁路RAMS12124.14.1Introduction引言12124.24.2Railway RAMS and quality of service .铁路RAMS和服务的质量.12124.34.3Elements of railway RAMS铁路RAMS的元素.13134.44.4Factors influencing railway RAMS影响铁路RAMS的因素.15154.4.14.4.1General .概述15154.4.24.4.2Categories of factors.因素的分类15154.4.34.4.3Management of factors.因素的管理19194.54.5The means to achieve railway RAMS requirements .实现铁路RAMS要求的方法.20204.5.14.5.1General概述20204.5.24.5.2RAMS specificationRAMS技术规范20204.64.6Risk风险21214.6.14.6.1Risk concept.风险构思21214.6.24.6.2Risk analysis.风险分析21214.6.34.6.3Risk evaluation and acceptance 风限评估和验收22224.74.7Safety integrity .安全完整性23234.84.8Fail-safe concept安全故障概念252555Management of railway RAMS.铁路RAMS的管理.25255.15.1General.概述25255.25.2System lifecycle.系统寿命周期26265.35.3Application of this standard .本标准的应用323266RAMS lifecycle.RAMS寿命周期34346.16.1Phase 1: Concept阶段1：构思.34346.26.2Phase 2: System definition and application conditions.阶段2：系统定义和应用条件.35356.36.3Phase 3: Risk analysis.阶段3：风险分析.38386.46.4Phase 4: System requirements阶段4：系统要求.39396.56.5Phase 5: Apportionment of system requirements.阶段5：系统要求的分配.43436.66.6Phase 6: Design and implementation.阶段6：设计和执行44446.76.7Phase 7: Manufacturing.阶段7：制造.46466.86.8Phase 8: Installation阶段8：安装.47476.96.9Phase 9: System validation (including safety acceptance and commissioning) 阶段9：系统确认（包括安全验收和调试）48486.106.10Phase 10: System acceptance阶段10：系统验收.50506.116.11Phase 11: Operation and maintenance阶段11：运行和维护51516.126.12Phase 12: Performance monitoring阶段12：性能监测.52526.136.13Phase 13: Modification and retrofit阶段13：修改和更新.53536.146.14Phase 14: Decommissioning and disposal.阶段14：停止使用和废弃.5454Annex A (informative) Outline of RAMS specification-example.附录A（提供信息） RAMS技术规范的纲要示例5656Annex B (informative) 附录B（提供信息）RAMS计划.6060Annex C (informative) 附录C（提供信息）铁路参数的示例.6464Annex D (informative) 附录D（提供信息）一些风险验收原则的示例.6666Annex E (informative) 附录E（提供信息）在整个寿命周期内RAMS过程内的责任7070Page 4EN 50126:1999Figures图：Figure 1: Quality of Service and Railway RAMS图1：服务质量和RAMS1313Figure 2: Inter-relation of Railway RAMS elements图2：铁路RAMS元素之间的相互关系1313Figure 3: Effects of Failures Within a System图3：在系统内故障的影响1414Figure 4: Influences on RAMS图4：对RAMS的影响1515Figure 5: Factors Influencing Railway RAMS图5：影响铁路RAMS因素1717Figure 6: Example of a Cause/Effect Diagram图6：原因/效果图的示例1919Figure 7: Certified Products in Safety Systems图7：安全系统中证明过的产品2424Figure 8: System Lifecycle图8：系统寿命周期2727Figure 9: Project Phase Related Tasks (Sheet 2 of 2)图9：与任务有关的工程阶段（共2页，第2页）2929Figure 10: The “V” Representation图10：“V”表示3131Figure 11: Verification and Validation图11：验证和确认3232Figure 12: RAMS Engineering and Management Implemented within a System Realization Process图12：在系统实现过程中执行的RAMS工程和管理3434Tables表Table 1: RAM Failure Categories表1：RAM故障分类2020Table 2: Frequency of Occurrence of Hazardous Events表2：危险事件出现的频率2121Table 3: Hazard Severity Level表3：危险严重性等级2222Table 4: Frequency- Consequence Matrix表4：频率后果矩阵2222Table 5: Qualitative Risk Categories表5：定性风险分类2323Table 6: Typical Example of Risk Evaluation and Acceptance表6：风险评估和验收的典型示例2323Table B.1: Example of a Basic RAMS Programme Outline表B1：基本RAMS计划纲要的示例6161Table C.1: Examples of Reliability Parameters表C1：可靠性参数的示例6464Table C.2: Examples of Maintainability Parameters表C2：可维护性参数的示例6464Table C.3: Examples of Availability Parameters表C3：可用性参数的示例6464Table C.4: Examples of Logistic Support Parameters表C4：后勤支持参数的示例6565Table C.5: Examples of Safety Performance Parameters表C5：安全性能参数的示例6565Introduction前言This European Standard provides Railway Authorities and the railway support industry, throughout the European Union, with a process which will enable the implementation of a consistent approach to the managements of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety, denoted by the acronym RAMS. Processes for the specification and demonstration of RAMS requirements are cornerstones of this standard. This European Standard aims to promote a common understanding and approach to the management of RAMS.本欧洲标准为欧盟范围内的铁路管理部门和铁路支持工业提供了一个能够用来管理可靠性、可利用性、可维护性和安全性的一个不间断应用方法，这就是RAMS的贡献。RAMS要求的规范和证明是这一标准的基础。这一欧洲标准的目的在于提高共识，达到对RAMS的管理。This European Standard can be applied systematically by a railway authority and railway support industry, throughout all phases of the lifecycle of a railway application, to develop railway specific RAMS requirements and to achieve compliance with these requirements. The systems-level approach defined by this European Standard facilitates assessment of the RAMS interactions between elements or complex railway applications.本欧洲标准可以由铁路部门和铁路工业在铁路应用全过程的任何阶段系统地进行应用，以制定铁路具体的RAMS要求并做到符合这些要求。本欧洲标准所定义的系统层上的方法有助于评定复杂的铁路应用元素间的交互作用。This European Standard promotes co-operation between a railway authority and railway support industry, within a variety of procurement strategies, in the achievement of an optimal combination of RAMS and cost for railway applications. Adoption of this European Standard will support the principles of the European Single Market and facilitate European railway inter-operability.本欧洲标准可以在一系列的采购策略之内促进铁路部门与铁路支持工业之间的合作，以达到RAMS与铁路运行成本之间的最佳结合。采用此欧洲标准将支持欧洲单一市场体系并有助于欧洲铁路的跨区可操作性。The process defined by this European Standard assumes that railway authorities and railway support industry have business-level policies addressing Quality, Performance and Safety. The approach defined in this standard is consistent with the application of quality management requirements contained within the ISO 9000 series of International standards.这一欧洲标准所定义的过程假设铁路管理部门与铁路支持工业具有商业级的政策解决质量、性能和安全。本标准中定义的方法与ISO9000系列国际标准中定义的质量管理要求的应用是一致的。Page 6第6页EN 50126:19991 Scope1 范围1.1 This European Standard:1.1 本欧洲标准 defines RAMS in terms of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety and their interaction; 按照可靠性、可利用性、可维护性和安全及其交互作用对RAMS进行了定义； defines a process, based on the system lifecycle and tasks within it, for managing RAMS; 在系统寿命周期和其中的任务的基础上，定义了管理RAMS的过程； enables conflicts between RAMS elements to be controlled and managed effectively; 使得RAMS元素间的冲突得以有效控制和管理； defines a systematic process for specifying requirements for RAMS and demonstrating that these requirements are achieved; 定义了一个指出RAMS要求并证明已经满足这些要求的系统过程； addresses railway specifics; 提出铁路的详细说明书； does not define RAMS targets, quantities, requirements or solutions for specific railway applications; 不为具体的铁路应用定义RAMS目标、数量、要求或解决方案； does not specify requirements for ensuring system security; 不为确保系统安全而提出要求； does not define rules or processes pertaining to the certification of railway products against the requirements of this standard; 不定义关于铁路产品按照此标准进行的认证的规则或过程； does not define an approval process by the safety regulatory authority. 不定义安全管理机构的批准过程。1.2 This European Standard is applicable:1.2 本欧洲标准： to the specification and demonstration of RAMS for all railway applications and at all levels of such an application, as appropriate, from complete railway routes to major systems within a railway route, and to individual and combined sub-systems and components within these major systems, including those containing software; in particular; 适用于所有铁路应用及这些应用的所有层次上的RAMS的规范和证明， 包括从整条铁路线路到铁路线路的主要系统，到这些主要系统中的单个或组合的子系统和部件，特别是包括那些系统中的软件； to new systems; 适用于新系统； to new systems integrated into existing systems in operation prior to the creation of this standard, although it is not generally applicable to other aspects of the existing system; 适用于集成到那些在本标准制定之前投入运行的系统中的新系统，尽管本标准并不完全适合于现有系统的方方面面； to modifications of existing systems in operation prior to the creation of this standard, although it is not generally applicable to other aspects of the existing system. 适用于对那些在本标准制定之前投入运行的系统所进行的修改，尽管本标准并不完全适合于现有系统的方方面面； At all relevant phases of the lifecycle of an application; 适用于一个应用的寿命周期的所有有关阶段； For use by Railway Authorities and the railway support industry. 适用于铁路管理 部门和铁路支持工业使用。NOTE Guidance on the applicability is given in the requirements of this standard.注：适用性的指南在本标准的要求中给出。Page 7EN 50126:19992 Normative references2 标准参考This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For date