高考英语阅读理解基础训练精品题（105）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练精品题（105）及答案阅读理解-deven plant can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. but unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. a decade ago, adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist stephen paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. the goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide （杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest （害虫）problems.even better, paleys remote scanning services company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. the data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.the bad news is that paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. farmers resisted the new technology and long - term backers were hard to find. but with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, paley hopes to get back into operation. agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “this technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the united states, ” says george oerther of texas a & m. ray jackson , who recently retired from the department of agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. but only ff paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.16plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are_.a. sprayed with pesticides b. facing an infrared scannerc. in poor physical condition d. exposed to excessive sun rays17in order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to_.a. estimate the damage to the crops b. measure the size of the affected areac. draw a color-coded map d. locate the problem area18farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by_.a. resorting to spot-spraying b. consulting infrared scanning expertsc. transforming poisoned rain d. detecting crop problems at an early stage19the application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties _.a. the lack of official support b. its high costc. the lack of financial support d. its failure to help increase production20infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of_.a. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceb. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsc. the forceful promotion by the department of agricultured. full support from agricultural experts 全解全析4145 cdacb 本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。16c。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段第2行“an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by cropsthe data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were runningfevers”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项c符合题意。17d。推理判断题。本题要求判断使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二自然段第4行“showing where plants were running feversfarmers could then spot spray，”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项d（确定有问题的地域）为最佳选项。18a。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段最后一句“farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would”（采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50至70的杀虫剂），选项a符合题意。19c。推理判断题。依据文章第三自然段的第1句“the bad news is that palelys company closed down in 1984，after only three yearsfarmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find”，从中可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“but only if palely finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago”从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项c正确。20b。细节理解题。依据文章第三自然段第2行“but with the renewed concern about pesticide on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，palely hopes to get back into operation”，可知b项（出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心）符合题意。阅读理解-b“benjamin franklin,” walter isaacson tells us at the beginning of his long (but never boring) new biography, “is the founding father who winks at us.” by that, isaacson explains, he means franklin is the most humanand most modernof the men who shaped the american republic. we admire washington, jefferson and adams, but they remain creatures of the 18th century. the man we encounter in “benjamin franklin”funny, pragmatic and selfaware seems like one of us, or at least someone wed like to be.unlike washingtons cherry tree, franklins kite was real. his experiments with electricity made him one of the great scientists of his day. he was a middleclass businessman whose success as a printer and a journalist allowed him to retire at 42and he devoted the rest of his life to his country. he was diplomat who persuaded the french to back the american revolution and the author of the first great american autobiography. he was an excellent swimmer. there was almost nothing he couldnt do well, except write poetry. but what truly distinguished franklin was his talent of being great and human at the same time. he owned slaves as a younger man, but in his last years became an abolitionist(废奴主义者).when he fathered an illegitimate(私生的) son, he acknowledged his fatherhood and took the responsibility of raising the boy.he seems strange today in the joy he took in compiling and creating all those self- improvement maxims he published in poor richards almanac(年鉴) “early to bed, early to rise” and so on. generations of lazy boys could have been happier without that. but he was no hypocrite(伪君子). isaacson tells us franklin practiced what he preached, and often laughed at himself while he did so.by a happy accident, this is the second excellent biography of franklin to appear in two years, after edmund s.morgans inspiring “benjamin franklin.” 6. what type of literature does this passage belong to?a.research paper.b.book review.c. biography. d.short story.7. the underlined word “maxims” in paragraph 3 probably means_.a.proverbs b.standardsc.requests d.orders8. with the fact that franklin shouldered the responsibilities of raising his illegitimate son, the author wants to prove that_.a.franklin had made a big fortune in his business before he got devoted to politiesb.franklin might be the only parent to support the child at that timec.franklin was a great man who seems human to usd.franklin was improving his character when he got on in ages9. the underlined word “himself” in paragraph 3 refers to_.a.richards almanac b.walter isaacsonc.anyone of the readers. d.benjamin franklin10. in which part of a magazine can we most probably find this article?a.society and the arts. b.current affairs.c.business report. d.advertisement.【参考答案】610、bacda 阅读理解-cmany private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. there are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. we have no duty to save them simply because they exist.but many promising institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. they are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising cost or increase income significantly. raising tuition doesnt bring in more income, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. they lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. even a very good college is a very bad business.it is such colleges, promising but threatened, that i worry about. low enrollment is not their chief problem. even with full enrollment, they may go under. efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. there is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently (固有地) better than public schools. there are many examples to the contrary. anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. it is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. in an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous, in an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.11.according to the authors opinion schools are bad businesses because of _.a. mismanagementb. too few studentsc. too many studentsd. the nature of schools12. the author used the phrase “go under” (sentence 3, para. 3) to mean _.a. get into difficultiesb. have low enrollmentc. have low tuitiond. bring in more money13. we can reasonably conclude from this passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support _a. public institutionsb. private schoolsc. uniformity of educationd. high quality of education14. which of the following statements is not true?a. high-quality private schools deserve to be saved.b. if the tuition is raised, the enrollment goes down.c. there are many cases to show that public schools are better that private schools.d. private schools have more money than public schools.15. which of the following ways could possibly save private schools?a. raising tuition.b. full enrollment.c. national awareness and support.d. reduction of rising cost.【参考答案】1115、dabdc阅读理解-dthey may be just passing your office, computer bag slung (悬挂) over one shoulder. or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. they look like innocent passers-by. in fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets.drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. a recent study in the uk, sponsored by rsa data security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. security experts patrolled (巡逻) several streets in the city of london seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation.of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting（加密） them. such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few pieces of software that can be freely down-loaded from the internet.the data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users.most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of precautions to protect their data. nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data being passed over the network.raymon kruck, business development manager at check point software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. people see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls.companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in. switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. then there are other basic steps a company can take, says mr. kruck, such as changing the passwords on the network from the default (默认) setting.companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public internet. they should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the presence of a hacker.16. according to the study sponsored by rsa data security, two thirds of the subjects _.a.had their corporate data stolenb.depended on wireless computer networksc.were exposed to drive-by hackingd.were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking17.which of the following is not considered in the study?a.the number of wireless hacking incidents.b.the number of wireless computer networks.c.the way in which data are sent and received.d.the way in which data are hacked and stolen.18.most wireless network technology comprises _.a.data encryption programsb. password security programsc.illegal-user detectiond. virus-intrusion detection19.raymond kruck most probably agrees that wireless network security involves _.a. wireless signal administrationb.changes in users awarenessc.users psychological healthd.stronger physical walls20.without firewalls, companies using wireless networks _.a.cannot operate normallyb.should turn to passwordsc.will be easily attacked by hackersd.can still spot the activities of hackers【参考答案】1620、caabd阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aa couple of years ago, before a trip to china, nicole davis and her us womens volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence (显著、突出) of coach “jenny” lang ping in her native country.“i was pushed over by chinese journalists while i was just trying to put my luggage on the bus,” said davis.known as the “iron hammer” for her punishing spikes(扣球),lang made it possible for china to dominate in the sport in the early 1980s. she was a key player on chinas 1984 olympic gold medal winning team.when the us team arrived for the olympics, lang, 48, who is from beijing, had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans.then came the greatest moment to lang：while the us team was playing in a packed gym, at least 8,000 chinese fans unfurled an american flag.“that really says it all,” davis said. “they look at her as an icon(偶像)im sure its hard for them to see her coaching another country, but they love her so ly that her success is their success.”the loyalty of the chinese fans was tested on friday, when china lost a match to the us.“its a pity that china lost the match, but im still glad that lang pings team won, since she is the pride of chinas volleyball,” said liu chengli, a spectator. “we also cheered for langs victory.”lang said she just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet. “it doesnt matter if we play china or any other team. its the same.” lang said.davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among chinese because the sport was l