MySQL双机备份(包含不同系统之间).docx

本文实现的是MySQL的双机备份，双机备份可以实现跨系统备份，也可以是同操作系统备份，大致的步骤是一样的，都是按照一下的发放进行。这里我同步的数据库是test1、 环境描述。（模拟）主机：67（A）用户为usera 密码123456主机：51（B）用户为userb 密码123456A的MYSQL 版本为5.1B的MySQL版本为5.5这里说明MySQL之间不同版本之间也是可以进行双机备份的。2、授权用户。A：mysql grant replication slave,file on *.* to usera51 identifiedby 123456;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)B：mysql grant replication slave,file on *.* to userb67 identifiedby 123456;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)然后都停止MYSQL 服务器。Windows下停止MySQL服务器指令是 net stop MySQL,当然服务器的名字可能不一样，一般是MySQL，我也遇到过window8下装MySQL，没有MySQL服务器的情况，因为我没有找到配置MySQL服务器的程序，所以这时候的解决方法我又重新下载了一个MySQL，重新安装，在初始化的设定好服务器配置文件就Ok了，Linux下停止MySQL服务器的方法是service mysqld stop；3、 配置文件。在两个机器上的配置文件（Linux下是f，Windows下是my.ini）里面都开启二进制日志 。(在这里配置文件里的东西大致都是一致的，我没有区分操作系统，在测试的时候是可以通过的。)A：user = mysqllog-bin=mysql-binserver-id = 1binlog-do-db=testbinlog-ignore-db=mysqlreplicate-do-db=testreplicate-ignore-db=mysqllog-slave-updatesslave-skip-errors=allsync_binlog=1auto_increment_increment=2auto_increment_offset=1B：user = mysqllog-bin=mysql-binserver-id = 2binlog-do-db=testbinlog-ignore-db=mysqlreplicate-do-db=testreplicate-ignore-db=mysqllog-slave-updatesslave-skip-errors=allsync_binlog=1auto_increment_increment=2auto_increment_offset=2至于这些参数的说明具体看手册。红色的部分非常重要，如果一个MASTER 挂掉的话，另外一个马上接管。紫红色的部分指的是服务器频繁的刷新日志。这个保证了在其中一台挂掉的话，日志刷新到另外一台。从而保证了数据的同步 。4、重新启动MYSQL服务器。在A和B上执行相同的步骤（如果都是Linux操作系统下都进行如下操作，但是windows下没有mysqld_safe，所以就没办法了，不过Windows下我没有进行以下操作，也可以实现Windows和Linux之间的热备，）rootlocalhost # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &1 4264rootlocalhost # 071213 14:53:20 mysqld_safe Logging to /usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err./usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 366: : -eq: unary operator expected071213 14:53:20 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data4、 进入MYSQL的SHELL。A：mysql flush tables with read lock/G(我测试了一下，不过我的反斜杠是)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql show master status/G(我测试了一下，不过我的反斜杠是)* 1. row * File: mysql-bin.000007 Position: 528（每次启动之后都不一样，但备份之后会自动更新）Binlog_Do_DB: testBinlog_Ignore_DB: mysql1 row in set (0.00 sec)B：mysql flush tables with read lock;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql show master status/G(我测试了一下，不过我的反斜杠是)* 1. row * File: mysql-bin.000004 Position: 595 Binlog_Do_DB: testBinlog_Ignore_DB: mysql1 row in set (0.00 sec)然后备份自己的数据，保持两个机器的数据一致。方法很多。完了后看下一步。5、 在各自机器上执行CHANGE MASTER TO命令。A：mysql change master to - master_host=51, - master_user=userb, - master_password=123456, - master_log_file=mysql-bin.000004, - master_log_pos=595; （保持和上面b的一致）Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)B：mysql change master to - master_host=67, - master_user=usera, - master_password=123456, - master_log_file=mysql-bin.000007, - master_log_pos=528; （保持和上面a的一致）Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)6、 查看各自机器上的IO进程和 SLAVE进程是否都开启。A：mysql show processlist/G（我的是G）* 1. row * Id: 2 User: repl Host: 51:54475 db: NULLCommand: Binlog Dump Time: 1590 State: Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated Info: NULL* 2. row * Id: 3 User: system user Host: db: NULLCommand: Connect Time: 1350 State: Waiting for master to send event Info: NULL* 3. row * Id: 4 User: system user Host: db: NULLCommand: Connect Time: 1149 State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Info: NULL* 4. row * Id: 5 User: root Host: localhost db: testCommand: Query Time: 0 State: NULL Info: show processlist4 rows in set (0.00 sec)B：mysql show processlist/G （我的是G）* 1. row * Id: 1 User: system user Host: db: NULLCommand: Connect Time: 2130 State: Waiting for master to send event Info: NULL* 2. row * Id: 2 User: system user Host: db: NULLCommand: Connect Time: 1223 State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Info: NULL* 3. row * Id: 4 User: root Host: localhost db: testCommand: Query Time: 0 State: NULL Info: show processlist* 4. row * Id: 5 User: repl2 Host: 67:50718 db: NULLCommand: Binlog Dump Time: 1398 State: Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated Info: NULL4 rows in set (0.00 sec)如果红色部分没有出现，检查DATA目录下的错误文件。7、 释放掉各自的锁，然后进行插数据测试。mysql unlock tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)插入之前两个机器表的对比：A：mysql show tables;+-+| Tables_in_test |+-+| t11_innodb | | t22 | +-+B：mysql show tables;+-+| Tables_in_test |+-+| t11_innodb | | t22 | +-+从A机器上进行插入A：mysql create table t11_replicas- (id int not null auto_increment primary key, - str varchar(255) not null) engine myisam;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql insert into t11_replicas(str) values - (This is a master to master test table);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql show tables;+-+| Tables_in_test |+-+| t11_innodb | | t11_replicas | | t22 | +-+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql select * from t11_replicas;+-+-+| id | str |+-+-+| 1 | This is a master to master test table | +-+-+1 row in set (0.00 sec)现在来看B机器：mysql show tables;+-+| Tables_in_test |+-+| t11_innodb | | t11_replicas | | t22 | +-+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql select * from t11_replicas;+-+-+| id | str |+-+-+| 1 | This is a master to master test table | +-+-+1 row in set (0.00 sec)现在反过来从B机器上插入数据：B：mysql insert into t11_replicas(str) values(This is a test 2);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql select * from t11_replicas;+-+-+| id | str |+-+-+| 1 | This is a master to master test table | | 2 | This is a test 2 | +-+-+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)我们来看AA：mysql select * from t11_replicas