2013暑假班SSP讲稿二7.12.doc

明晓教育2013暑假班SSP讲稿二 2013-07-12SSP人文知识之美国历史一TimeAffairsPlacesVIPsw Discovery of the New World发现新大陆In 1492Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator (航海家) “discovered” the New Continent.Christopher Columbusw The Colonial Period殖民地时期In 160716071733In 1620The first English colony (殖民地) in the New Continent was founded (建立) at Jamestown, Virginia.The British established (建立) 13 colonies along the east coast of North America among which Georgia was the last.201 Pilgrims (清教徒) sailed to the New World in a ship called “Mayflower”. They arrived in Plymouth.Jamestown, VirginiaNorth AmericaGeorgiaPlymouthw The American War of Independence美国独立战争In December 1773In September 1774On April 19, 1775In 1775In 1776In 1777In September 1783In 1787In 1789Boston Tea Party (波士顿倾茶事件):American colonists (殖民者) dumped tea into Boston harbor to protest (抗议) taxes on tea.The First Continental Congress (第一次大陆会议) was held in Philadelphia.The battle of Lexington broke out and the War of Independence began.The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia and the Congress (国会) founded a Continental Army (大陆军) and Navy (海军) under the command (指挥) of George Washington.The Declaration of Independence (独立宣言) was drafted (起草) by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted (通过) on July 4, 1776.The American troops defeated the British at Saratoga (萨拉托加) in Northern New York, which was a turning point of the war.The Treaty of Paris (巴黎条约) was signed, where Britain recognized the independence of the US.The United States Constitution (美国宪法) was ratified (签署生效).The Federal Government was set up and George Washington became the first American President, while John Adams was elected Vice President.Boston, MassachusettsPhiladelphiaLexingtonPhiladelphiaSaratogaNorthern New YorkGeorge WashingtonThomas JeffersonAmerican troopsGeorge WashingtonJohn Adamsw The American Civil War美国内战 (南北战争)In 186118611865In 1862 and 1863On November 19, 1863In April, 1865In December 1865Abraham Lincoln was elected President.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 and ended in 1865 with the victory of the North.The Federal Government enacted (颁布) Homestead Act (宅地法) and Emancipation Proclamation (解放黑人奴隶宣言).The Union Army (北方军) under the command of Ulysses S. Grant defeated the Confederate Army (南方军) at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Abraham Lincoln made the famous Gettysburg Address (葛底斯堡演说).Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play in Washington, D.C.The Thirteenth Amendment (修正案), which banned slavery (奴隶制) was added to the constitution.Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaAbraham LincolnUlysses S. GrantAbraham LincolnAbraham LincolnExercise:I. Choose the best answer:1. The first president of the United States is _.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Ronald ReaganC. George WashingtonD. Abraham Lincoln2. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Adams3. The American Civil War broke out in _.A. 1775B. 1812C. 1861D. 18654. On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _, which housed the government then. A. New York B. Washington D.C. C. Philadelphia D. Boston5. “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, ”were the words by _.A. Thomas Jefferson B. Abraham Lincoln C. Andrew Johnson D. Theodore Roosevelt6. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was _.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. James MadisonD. Abraham Lincoln7. _ has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party.A. AmericaB. BritainC. EgyptD. China8. ThecapitalofMassachusettsis_. A. Providence B.BostonC.MontpelierD.Augusta9. In the Civil War, Lincoln realized that he could win the support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against _.A. colonizationB. slaveryC. capitalismD. communismII. Fill in the blanks:1. European emigration to the New World got started when the American Continent was “discovered” by _ (who).2. The first Americans were the _ (who). The English colony in America was founded at _ (where), Virginia in 1607. Between 1607 and 1733, the British established _ (how many) colonies along the east coast of North America.3. In 1620, 201 _ (who) sailed to the New World in a ship called “_”. They arrived in _ (where).4. The Declaration of Independence drafted by _ (who) was adopted on _ (date).5. The War of Independence and the Civil WarWar of IndependenceCivil WarTime periods_ _ _Direct cause_ was elected President.Signal of the beginningThe battle of _ marked the beginning of the war.The _ Army started the Civil War.Leader_Turning pointThe American troops defeated the British at _.The _ Army defeated the _ Army at _.Signal of the end“_” was signed.The _ Army captured the Confederate capital Richmond.Major documents_阅读练习 (故事性短文1)(A)I promised to buy my wife a car for her birthday. She had set her heart on a particular colour white. I pointed out till I was blue in the face that white was a very difficult colour to keep clean. But she was so determined that in the end I decided to show the white flag.Being a bit green about buying cars, I guess Im the perfect customer as far as car salesmen are concerned. Take the first place I went to: the manager rolled out the red carpet when he saw me coming. He started by showing me the most expensive models he could find, some of which made me turn green with envy. But as soon as I mentioned the sort of car I had in mind, he started to give me black looks. I cant describe the language he used when I gave some idea of the price I was thinking of. What a snob! I was annoyed and left immediately.In the following weeks, I visited several car dealers, but each time ended up empty-handed. Once in a blue moon, I thought, do you come across a genuine bargain? Some dealers are dishonest. At one dealer, for example, I caught one of the salesmen red-handed, just as he was gluing back a chip of paint that had fallen off.By the sixth weekend of looking I was feeling rather blue. But every cloud has a silver lining. We finally found a car that Saturday.My wife and I were driving in the countryside when out of the blue we saw a notice advertising cars for sale in a farmyard.In the farmyard we saw a man sitting deep in thought. He was the farmer and “salesman.” I was the first customer the man met since he put up the ad. Neither of us wanted to let the golden chance slip. He quickly dispensed with all the red tape, and very soon we had it in black and white that the car belonged to us. The car is white, and more importantly, its quite a good car.True or False1. The author finally agreed to buy his wife a white car for her birthday.2. In the first car store the author went in, the manager was very polite and hospital to the author after he explained what kind of car he wanted to buy.3. The author saw with his own eyes a car dealer modifying a car.4. It was the wife who had discovered the ad selling cars in a farmyard.5. The author and the farmer signed a contract before the car belonged to the couple.(B)Leola Starling of Ribrock, Tennessee, had a serious telephone problem. But unlike most people she did something about it. The brand-new Ribrock Plaza Hotel opened nearby and had acquired almost the same phone number as Leolas.From the moment the hotel opened, Leola was besieged with calls not for her. Since she had the same phone number for years, she felt that she had a chance of persuading the hotel management to change its number. Not surprisingly, the management refused. The phone company was not helpful, either. A number was a number, and just because a customer was getting someone elses calls 24/7 didnt make it responsible. After her pleas fell on deaf ears, Leola decided to take matters into her own hands. At 9 oclock the phone rang. Someone from Memphis was calling the hotel and asked for a room for the following Tuesday. Leola said, “No problem. How many nights?”A few hours later, a secretary from Dallas wanted a suite with two bedrooms for a week. Leola said the Presidential Suite on the 10th floor was available for $600 a night. When the secretary decided to take it and asked if the hotel wanted a deposit, Leola said, “No, that wont be necessary. We trust you.”The next day was a busy one for Leola. She booked an electric appliance manufacturers convention, a college prom, a reunion of the veterans from World War II, and .Soon, the hotel became a disaster area. People kept showing up for weddings, reunions, and birthday parties and were all told there were no such events. Leola had her final revenge when she read in the local paper that the hotel might go bankrupt. Her phone rang, and an executive from Marriott said, “Were prepared to offer you $200,000 for the hotel.”Leola replied. “Well take it, but only if you change the telephone number.”Choose the best answer:1. What happened to Leola after a hotel opened nearby?A. She was bothered by many calls from the hotel.B. She was bothered by many calls for the hotel.C. She was forced to move out of this area.D. She was forced to change her phone number.2. From the phone companys response to Leolas request, we could see that the phone company was .A. irresponsible B. customer-oriented C. arrogant D. mean3. What did Leola do after her request was rejected by the hotel and the phone company?A. She volunteered to answer the wrong calls for the hotel.B. She filed a lawsuit against both the hotel and the company.C. She directed the wrong calls to the hotel.D. She took revenge by answering the wrong calls on behalf of the hotel.4. What happened to the hotel in the end?A. It was going to be closed.B. It was going to be bankrupt.C. It apologized to Leola.D. It changed its phone number.5. What can we learn from the story?A. Similar phone numbers might bring great trouble.B. Ignoring a small problem might bring about serious consequence.C. Phone numbers are very important for a hotel.D. A problem can be solved in different ways.SSP人文知识之美国历史二w Economic Development经济发展In the early 20th centuryIn 1902In 1903The years between the Civil War and the start of the 20th century are thought of as the Gilded Age (镀金时代). It was an era (时代) of industrial development (工业发展).Henry Ford began to mass-produce (大批量生产) a kind of car.The Wright Brothers designed the first plane and flew for 12 seconds, traveling 120 feet.Henry FordThe Wright Brothersw The Great Depression and the New Deal大萧条与新政On October 24, 1929In 1932The first blow (打击) to the stock (股票) market came. It lasted for 4 years from 1929 to 1933.Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President and put forward (提出) the New Deal to get America out of the Depression. Main contents of the New Deal: Relief, Recovery and Reform (3R)Franklin D. Rooseveltw World War II and the US美国与二战In December 1941The bombing of Pearl Harbor brought America formally to war with the Allies (同盟国) against the Axis Powers (轴心国). The US, the Soviet Union (苏联) and Britain met three times during the war (the Tehran Conference, the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference). The war ended the Depression.Pearl Harborw The Beginning of the Cold War 冷战的开始On March 12, 1947In 1947On April 4, 1949On October 5, 1949The US put forward “the Truman Doctrine (杜鲁门主义)”, which marked the beginning of the Cold War.The US the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan. decided to offer Western European countries economic aid, which was later called “the Marshall Plan (马歇尔计划)”.the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan. the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.The North Atlantic Treaty (北大西洋公约) was signed and the NATO (北约) was founded. The ratification (签订) of the treaty marked the beginning of US efforts in setting up a military alliance (军事联盟) around the Soviet Union.The German Democratic Republic (德意志民主共和国) was set up. The Cold War had spread over the whole Europe.Harry Trumanw The Civil Rights Movement民权运动In December 1955In 1956In 1963Rosa Parks, a black worker in Alabama (阿拉巴马) refused to give her seat to a white passenger and was arrested. The boycott (联合抵制) led by Martin Luther King, Jr. started.The Supreme Court (最高法院) declared (宣布) Alabamas segregation (隔离) laws unconstitutional (违反宪法的).Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered a speech: I have a dream.(Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and was assassinated in 1968.)Montgomery, AlabamaWashington, D.C.Rosa ParksMartin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.w The Vietnam War (19611973)越南战争In 1961In 1973In 1975President David Eisenhower launched the Vietnam War, which was the longest war the US had fought.The US and North Vietnam signed a cease-fire agreement (停火协议).The National Liberation Front Forces (民族解放阵线部队) captured Saigon and the two parts of Vietnam became a unified (统一的) country.SaigonDavid Eisenhowerw Watergate Scandal水门事件On the night of June 17, 1972In August,1974Police arrested (逮捕) five men who broke into Democratic offices at the Watergate Complex (水门大厦).Nixon resigned (辞职), who is the first President to do so in the US history.Washington, D.C.Nixonw Sino-US relations中美关系In 1972On January 1, 1979President Nixon visited China.China and the US established diplomatic relations (外交关系).BeijingNixonAmerican Presidents:1. George Washington, 1789 1797 2. John Adams, Federalist, 1797 1801 3. Thomas Jefferson, Democratic-Republican, 1801 1809 4. James Madison, Democratic-Republican, 1809 1817 5. James Monroe, Democratic-Republican, 1817 1825 6. John Quincy Adams, Democratic-Republican, 1825 1829 7. Andrew Jackson, Democratic, 1829 1837 8. Martin Van Buren, Democratic, 1837 1841 9. William Harrison, Whig, 4.3.1841 4.4.1841 10. John Tyler, Whig, 1841 1845 11. James K. Polk, Democratic, 1845 1849 12. Zachary Taylor, Whig, 1849 1850 13 Millard Fillmore, Whig, 1850 1853 14. Franklin Pierce, Democratic, 1853 1857 15. James Buchanan, Democratic, 1857 1861 16. Abraham Lincoln, Republican, 1861 1865 17. Andrew Johnson, Republican, 1865 1869 18. Ulysses S. Grant, Republican, 1869 1877 19. Rutherford Hayes, Republican, 1877 188120. James Garfield, Republican, 1881 1881 21. Chester Arthur, Republican, 1881 1885 22. Grover Cleveland, Democratic, 1885 1889 23. Benjamin Harrison, Republican, 1889 1893 24. Grover Cleveland, Democratic, 1893 1897 25. William McKinley, Republican, 1897 1901 26. Theodore Roosevelt, Republican, 1901 1909 27. William H. Taft, Republican, 1909 1913 28. Woodrow Wilson, Democratic, 1913 1921 29. Warren Harding, Republican, 1921 1923 30. Calvin Coolidge, Republican, 1923 1929 31. Herbert C. Hoover, Republican, 1929 -1933 32. Franklin Roosevelt, Democratic, 1933 1945 33. Harry S. Truman, Democratic, 1945 1953 34. Dwight Eisenhower, Republican, 1953 1961 35. John F. Kennedy, Democratic, 1961 1963 36. Lyndon B. Johnson, Democratic, 1963 1969 37. Richard Nixon, Republican, 1969 1974 38. Gerald R. Ford, Republican, 1974 1977 39. Jimmy Carter, Democratic, 1977 1981 40. Ronald Reagan, Republican, 1981 1989 41. George Bush, Republican, 1989 199342. William Clinton, Democratic, 1993 2001 43. George W. Bush, Republican, 2001 200944. Barack Obama, Democratic, since 2009Exercises:I. Fill in the blanks:1. 两位遇刺的美国总统_ _2. 唯一一位辞职的美国总统 _3. 最年长的美国总统 _4. 最年轻的美国总统 _5. 任期最长的美国总统 _6. 任期最短的美国总统 _7. 唯一一位演员出生的美国总统 _8. 唯一一位数学家出生的美国总统 _9. 就职演说时间最长的美国总统 _10. 就职演说时间最短的美国总统 _II. Choose the best answer:1. The Gilded Age refers to the United States _.A. in 1820sB. in early 20th centuryC. in 1950s D. in late 20th century2. The first Pilgrims came to America on the ship _.A. CodpeedB. DiscoveryC. MayflowerD. Susan Constant3. The decision of establishing the United Nations was made at _.A. the Tehran ConferenceB. the Yalta ConferenceC. the Postam C