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无损检测人员培训大纲NDE Personnel Training Program 编制: 日期:Prepared ByDate (NDE Level III) 审批: 日期:Reviewed Approved ByDate (QC Manager)Accepted By Date (AI) XXXXXX有限公司XXXX Co., Ltd RT Training Course射线检测培训课程大纲培训内容Contents of CourseTraining hours培训课时Level 级A类B类1Radiographic equipment operation and emergency instruction course射线透照设备的操作和应急处理552Basic radiographic physics course射线透照基础物理课20153Radiographic technique course射线透照的技术课1510Total 总计4030Level 级A类B类1Film quality and manufacturing processes course底片质量和制造工艺课20152Radiographic evaluation and interpretation course射线底片的评定和解释课2020Total 总计4035Note:注A- High school graduate or equivalent.A类:高中毕业或同等学历。B-Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.B类:在理工科大学、学院或技术学校至少2年学习的经历。Training Course for Level RTI RT-级人员的培训课程I Radiographic Equipment Operating and Emergency Instructions course一、射线透照设备的操作和应急处理1. Personnel monitoring 人员的监测2. Survey instruments 监测仪表3. Leak testing of sealed radioactive sources 密封辐射源的泄露检测4. Radiation survey reports 辐射监控报告5. Radiographic work practices 射线照相作业规则6. Exposure devices 曝光装置7. Emergency Procedures 紧急处理程序8. Storage and shipment of exposed devices and sources 放射性装置和射线源的储存和装运II Basic Radiographic Physics Course二、射线透照基础物理课1. Introduction 介绍2. Fundamental properties of matter 物质的基本性质3. Radioactive materials 放射性材料4. Types of radiation 辐射的类型5. Interaction of radiation with matter 射线与物质的相互作用6. Biological effects of radiation 辐射的生物效应7. Radiographic Examination 射线检测8. Exposure devices and radiation sources 曝光装置和射线源1) Radioisotope sources放射性同位素2) Radioisotope exposure device characteristics放射性同位素曝光装置特性3) Electronic radiation sources-500KeV and less, low-energy 500 KeV的低能量电子辐射源4) Electronic radiation sources-medium, and high energy 中、高能量的电子辐射源5) Screen to observe the radiation source观察辐射源的荧光屏III Radiographic Technique Course三、射线透照的技术课1. Introduction 介绍2. Basic principles of radiography 射线透照的基本原理1) Geometric exposure principles 曝光的几何原理2) Radiographic intensifying screens射线透照用增感屏3) Radiographic cassettes胶片暗盒4) Composition of industrial radiographic film工业射线胶片的构成5) The “heel effect” with X-ray tubes X射线的倾斜效应3. Radiographs 射线透照1) Formation of the latent image on film底片上潜影的形成2) Inherent unsharpness 固有不清晰度3) Arithmetic of radiographic exposure 射线曝光的计算4) Characteristic (H and D) curve曝光曲线5) Film speed and class descriptions 胶片的感光速度和分类6) Selection of film for particular purpose 特殊用途胶片4. Radiographic image quality 射线透照影像质量1) Radiographic sensitivity射线照相灵敏度2) Radiographic contrast 射线照相对比度3) Film contrast 胶片对比度4) Subject contrast 被检件的对比度5) Definition 清晰度6) Film graininess and screen mottle effects 胶片颗粒度和增感屏的斑点7) Penetrometers 像质计5. Film handing, loading, and processing 胶片取放、拆装和处理6. Exposure techniques-radiography 射线透照和曝光技术1) Single wall radiography 单壁射线照相2) Double wall radiography 双壁射线照相 、Viewing two walls simultaneously双壁双影法 、Offset double-wall exposure single-wall viewing 双壁单影法 、Elliptical techniques 椭圆技术3) Panoramic radiography 全景射线照相4) Use of multiple-film loading 使用多胶片法5) Specimen configuration 透照排列配置的实例7. Fluoroscopic techniques 荧光屏观察技术Training Course for Level RTRT-级人员的培训课程I Film Quality and Manufacturing Processes Course一、底片质量和制造工艺课1. Review of basic radiographic principles 射线透照基本原理的复习2. Darkroom facilities, techniques and processing 暗室设施、技术和底片处理1) Facilities and equipment 设施和设备2) Film loading 胶片的拆装3) Protection of radiographic film in storage 储存胶片的保护4) Processing of film-manual 底片手工处理a. Developer and replenishment 显影液及其补给b. Stop bath 停显液c. Fixer and replenishment 定影液及其补给d. Washing 冲洗e. Prevention of water spots 水渍的预防f. Drying 干燥5) Automatic film processing 底片的自动处理6) Film filing and storage 底片的归档和储存7) Unsatisfactory radiographs-causes and cures 不合格底片产生的原因及纠正方法a. High film density 黑度过高b. Insufficient film density 黑度不足c. High contrast 对比度过高d. Low contrast 对比度不足e. Poor definition 清晰度不足f. Fog 灰雾g. Light leaks 漏光h. Artificial 人为缺陷8) Film density 底片的黑度a. Step wedge comparison film 阶梯试块黑度比较片b. Densitometers 黑度计3. Indications, discontinuities, and defects 显示和缺陷1) Indications 显示2) Discontinuities 不连续性a. Inherent 本身固有的b. Processing 加工过程造成的c. Service 使用中产生的3) Defects 缺陷4. Manufacturing Processes and associated Discontinuities 制造工艺及由此产生的不连续1) Casting processes and associated discontinuities 铸造工艺及由此产生的不连续2) Wrought processes and associated discontinuities 锻造工艺及由此产生的不连续3) Welding processes and associated discontinuities 焊接工艺及由此产生的不连续a) Submerged arc welding (SAW) 埋弧焊b) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 手工电弧焊c) Gas metal arc welding(GMAW)熔化极气体保护焊d) Flux corded arc welding(FCAW)药芯焊丝电弧焊e) Gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)钨极气体保护电弧焊f) Resistance welding 电阻焊g) Special welding processes-electron beam, electroslag , electrogas , etc 特殊焊接方法,电子束焊,电渣焊5. Radiological safety principles review 辐射安全防护的复习II Radiographic Evaluation and Interpretation course二、射线底片的评定和解释课1. Radiographic Viewing 射线透照底片的观察1) Film-illuminator requirements 评定照明装置的要求2) Background lighting 背景照明3) Multiple-composite requirements 综合观察4) Penetrometer placement 透度计(或像质计)的放置5) Personnel dark adaptation and cisual acuity 6) Film identification 底片的辨认7) Location markers 标记的位置8) Film-density measurement 底片黑度的测定9) Film artifacts 胶片的伪缺陷2. Application techniques 使用的技术1) Multiple-film techniques 多胶片法a. Thickness variation parameters 厚度改变参数b. Film speed 胶片的感光速度c. Film latitude 胶片曝光的时限2) Enlargement and projection 放大和投影3) Geometrical relationship 几何关系a. Geometrical unsharpness 几何不清晰度b. Penetrometer sensitivity 透度计(像质计)灵敏度c. Source-to-film distance 射线源至胶片的距离d. Focal spot size 焦点尺寸3. Evaluation of castings 铸件底片的评定4. Evaluation of weldments 焊件底片的评定1) Welding method review 焊接方法的复习2) Welding discontinuities 焊接产生的不连续性3) Origin and typical orientation of discontinuities 不连续形成的原因和典型部位4) Radiographic appearance 射线底片的显示5) Welding codes/standards-applicable acceptance criteria 使用的合格标准-焊接规程/标准6) Reference radiographs or pictograms 参考的射线底片5. Standards, codes and procedures for radiography 射线透照的标准、规范和规程1) Acceptable radiographic techniques and equipment 适用的射线透照方法和设备2) Procedure for radiograph parameter Verification 射线透照工艺参数的验证规程3) Radiographic reports 评片报告Training Course for Level RTRT- 级人员的培训课程1. Principles/Theory 原理/理论1) Nature of penetrating radiation 穿透辐射的性质2) Interaction between penetrating radiation and matter穿透辐射与物质的相互作用3) Radiography 射线透照a. Imaging by film 胶片的成像b. Imaging by fluorescent materials 荧光材料的成像c. Imaging by electronic devices 电子装置的成像4) Radiometry 辐射测量2. Equipment/Material 设备、材料1) Electrically generated sources 电离射线源a. X-ray sources X射线源2) Particulate radiation sources 粒子辐射源3) Radiation detectors 辐射探测器a. Imaging 影像b. Nonimaging devices 非影像装置 4) Gamma 伽马源3. Techniques/Calibrations 技术/校准1) Imaging considerations成像因素考虑a. Sensitivity 灵敏度b. Contrast and Definition 对比度和清晰度c. Geometric factors 几何因素d. Intensifying screens 增感屏e. Scattered radiation 散射的辐射f. Sources factors 源的因素g. Detection media 检测介质h. Exposures curves 曝光曲线2) Film processing 胶片处理过程a. Darkroom procedures 暗室工艺b. Darkroom equipment and chemicals 暗室的设备和化学物质c. Film processing 胶片处理程序3) Viewing of radiographs 底片的观察4) Judging of radiographic quality 射线底片质量评定a. Density 黑度b. Contrast 对比度c. Definition 清晰度d. Artificial 人为缺陷e. IQIs 像质计f. Causes and correction of unsatisfactory radiographs 不合格射线底片产生的原因及纠正5) Exposure calculations 曝光量的计算6) Radiographic techniques 射线照相技术4. Interpretation/Evaluation 解释/评定5. Procedures 规程6. Safety and Health 安全与健康PT Training Course渗透检测培训课程大纲Training hours培训课时A类B类Level 级44Level 级84Note:注A-High school graduate or equivalent.A类:高中毕业或同等学历。B-Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.B类:在理工科大学、学院或技术学校至少2年学习的经历。Training Course for Level PTPT-级人员的培训课程1. Introduction 介绍1) Brief history of nondestructive testing and liquid penetrant testing NDE和PT简史2) Purpose of liquid penetrant testing PT的目的3) Basic principles of liquid penetrant testing PT的基本原理4) Types of liquid penetrant commercially Available 工业用渗透剂的种类5) Method of personnel qualification 人员资格评定的方法2. Liquid penetrant processing 渗透检测的工艺过程1) Preparation of parts 工件的准备2) Adequate lighting 适当的照明3) Application of penetrant to parts 在工件上施喷渗透剂4) Removal of surface penetrant 表面渗透剂的去除5) Developer application and drying 喷洒显像剂并干燥6) Inspection and evaluation 检验和评定7) Post cleaning 后清洗3. Various penetrant testing methods 各种渗透检测方法1) Current ASTM and ASME standards ASTM E1208,1209,1210 现行的ASTM和ASME标准方法ASTM E1208、1209、12102) Characteristics of each methods 每种方法的特点3) General application of each method 每种方法的常规运用4. Liquid penetrant testing equipment 渗透检测设备1) Liquid penetrant testing units 渗透检测装置2) Lighting for liquid penetrant testing equipment and light meter 渗透检测设备的照明及照度计3) Materials for liquid penetrant 渗透检测材料4) Precautions in liquid penetrant inspection 渗透检测中的注意事项Training Course for Level PTPT-级人员的培训课程1. Review 复习1) Basic principles 基本原理2) Process of various methods 各种方法的工艺3) Equipment 设备2. Selection of the appropriate penetrant testing method 选择适当的渗透检测方法1) Advantages of various methods 各种方法的缺陷2) Disadvantages of various methods 各种方法的缺点3. Inspection and evaluation of indications 显示的检验和评定3.1 General 概述 1)Discontinuities inherent in various materials 各种材料固有的不连续性 2)Reason for indications 显示的原因 3)Appearance for indications 显示的现象 4)Time for indications to appear 显示出现的时间 5)persistence of indications 显示的持久性6) Effects of temperature and lighting (white to UV ) 温度和照明的影响7) Effects of metal smearing operations (shot peening, machining, etc.)金属表面工艺处理的影响(抛丸硬化、机械加工等)8)Preferred sequence for penetrant inspection 渗透检测的首选顺序9)Part preparation(precleaning, stripping, etc.) 工件的准备(预清洗、打磨等)3.2 Factors affecting indications 影像显示的因素 1) Pre-cleaning 预清洗2)Penetrant used 渗透剂的使用 3)Prior processing 预先的表面处理 4)Technique used 使用的技术3.3 Indications from cracks 由裂纹形成的显示 1)Cracks occurring during solidification 结晶过程中产生的裂纹 2)Cracks occurring during processing 在加工过程中产生的裂纹 3)Cracks occurring during service 在使用过程中产生的裂纹3.4 Indications from porosity 由气孔形成的显示3.5 Indications from specific material forms 由特定材料形成的显示 1)Forging 锻件 2)Castings 铸件 3)Plate 板材 3)Welds 焊缝 4)Extrusions 挤压制品3.6 Evaluation of indications 显示的评定 1)True indications 真实的显示 2)False indications 伪显示 3)Relevant indications 相关显示 4)Uncorrelated indications 非相关显示 5)Process control 过程控制 a. Controlling process variables 控制过程的可变因素 b. Testing and maintenance materials 材料的检测和维护4. Inspection procedures and standards 检测的规程和标准4.1 Inspection procedures(minimum requirements) 检测规程(最低要求)4.2 Standards/codes 标准/法规1) Applicable methods/procedures 适用的方法/工艺2) Acceptance criteria 验收标准5. Basic Methods of Instruction 指示的基本方法Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Level topical Outline液体渗透检测方法级课程提纲1. Principles/Theory 原理/理论1.1 Principles of liquid penetrant process 液体渗透程序的原理1) Process variables 程序可变性2) Effects of test object factors on process 试验物体在处理过程中的因素效应1.2 Theory 理论1) Physics of how penetrants work 渗透检验物理原理2) Control and measurement of penetrant process variables 渗透过程易变因素的控制及测量a. Surface tension, viscosity and capillary entrapment 表面张力,粘度及毛细管形成b. Measurement of penetrability, Washability and emulsification 渗透能力,清洗及乳化能力的测量c. Contrast, brightness and fluorescence 对比度,亮度和荧光d. Contamination of materials 材料污染e. Proper selection of penetrant levels for different testing(sensitivity) 对不同检测方法中灵敏度的要求,正确选择渗透剂的级别1.3 Proper selection of PT as method of choice 当选择方法时,适当选择PT方法1) Difference between PT and other methods PT与其它方法的区别2) Complimentary roles of PT and other methods PT与其它方法的互补的作用3) Potential for conflicting results between methods 方法间的不一致结果可能性4) Factors that qualify/disqualify the use of PT 限制/不限制PT应用的因素5) Selection of PT technique PT工艺的选择1.4 Liquid penetrant processing 液体渗透的检测过程1) Preparation of parts 工件准备2) Application of penetrants to parts 对工件施加渗透剂3) Removal of surface penetrants 去除表面渗透剂4) Developer application and drying 施加显像剂和干燥5) Evaluation 评定6) Post cleaning 后清洗7) Precautions 注意点2. Equipment/Materials 设备/材料2.1 Liquid penetrant test units 渗透检测设备2.2 Methods of measurement 液体渗透检测的照明1) White light intensity 白光强度2) Black (UV) light intensity,warm-up time etc 黑光(荧光)强度,预热时间等3) Physics and physiological differences 物理与生理的差别2.3 Lighting for liquid penetrant testing 液体渗透检测的材料1) Solvent removable 溶剂可去除的渗透材料2) Water-washable 可水洗的渗透材料3) Post emulsifiable 预乳化a. Water base(hydrophilic) 水基(亲水性的)b. Oil base(lipophilic) 油基(亲脂性)2.4 Testing and maintenance of materials 检测和材料保养3. Interpretation/Evaluation 解释、评定3.1 General 概述1) Appearance of penetrant indications 渗透剂显示的出现2) Persistence of indications 显示的持久性3.2 Factor affecting indications 影像显示的因素1) Preferred sequence for penetrant inspection 渗透检测的优先顺序2) Part preparation (precleaning , stripping, ect) 工件的准备(预清洗、打磨等)3) Effects of temperature and lighting (white to UV) 环境(灯光、温度等)4) Effects of metal smearing operations (shot peening, machining, etc)金属表面工艺处理的影响(抛丸硬化、及加工等)3.3 Indications from discontinuities 不连续性(缺陷)的显示1) Metallic materials 金属材料2) Nonmetallic materials 非金属材料 3.4 Relevant and uncorrelated indications 相关和非相关显示1) True indications 真显示2) False indications 伪显示4. Procedures 规程5. Safety and Health 安全与健康5.1 Toxicity 毒性5.2 Flammability 易燃性5.3 Precautions for ultraviolet radiation 紫外线照射的防护5.4 MSDS 材料安全性数据表MT Training Course 磁粉检测培训课程大纲Training hours培训课时A类B类Level 级128Level 级84Note:注A-High school graduate or equivalent.A类:高中毕业或同等学历。B-Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.B类:在理工科大学、学院或技术学校至少2年学习的经历。Training Course for Level MTMT- 级人员的培训课程1. Principles of magnets and magnetic fields 磁体和磁场原理1) Theory of magnetic fields 磁场理论a. Earths magnetic field 地球磁场b. Magnetic fields around magnetized materials 磁场周围被磁化的材料2) Theory of magnetism 磁学理论a. Magnetic poles 磁极b. Low of magnetism 磁场定律c. Materials influenced by magnetic field 受磁场影响的顺磁性材料d. Magnetic characteristics of nonferrous materials 非铁磁性材料的磁特性3) Terminology associated with magnetic particle testing 与磁粉检测有关的术语2. Characteristics of magnetic 磁场的特性1) Bar magnet 棒形磁体2) Ring magnet 环形磁体3. Effect of discontinuities of materials 材料不连续性的影响1) Surface cracks 表面裂纹2) Scratches 刮伤3) Subsurface defects 近表面缺陷4. Magnetization by means of electric Current 用电流进行磁化的方法1) Circular field 周向磁场a. Field around a straight conductor 直导体周围的磁场b. Right-hand rule 右手定则c. Field in parts through which current floes 通电零件内的磁场d. Methods of inducing current flow in parts 工件中产生感应电流的方法 e. Discontinuities commonly discovered by circular fields 周向磁场检测中常见的不连续性2) Longitudinal field 纵向磁场a. Field produced by current flow in a coil 线圈通电产生的磁场b. Field direction in a current-carrying coil 通电线圈的磁场方向c. Field strength in a current-carrying coil 通电线圈的磁场强度d. Discontinuities commonly discovered by longitudinal fields 纵向磁场检测中常见的不连续性e. Advantages of longitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化的优点f. Disadvantages of longitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化的缺点5. Selecting the proper method of Magnetization 选择合适的磁化方法1) Alloy, shape, and condition of part 工件的合金成分、形状和状态2) Type of magnetizing current 磁化电流的类型3) Direction of magnetic field 磁场的方向4) Sequence of operations 操作程序5) Value of flux density 磁通密度值6. Inspection materials 检测介质1) Wet particles 湿磁粉2) Dry particles 干磁粉7. Principles of demagnetization 退磁原理1) Residual magnetism 剩磁2) Reasons for requiring demagnetization 需要退磁的原因3) Longitudinal and circular residual Fields 纵向和周向剩余磁场4) Basic principles of demagnetization 退磁的基本原理5) Retentivity and coercive force 顽磁性和矫顽力6) Methods of demagnetization 退磁的方法8. Magnetic particle testing equipment 磁粉检测的方法1) Equipment-selection considerations 选择设备考虑的因素a. Type of magnetizing current 磁化电流的类型b. Location and nature of test 检测部位和性质c. Test materials used 检测用材料d. d. Purpose of test 检测的目的e. Area inspected 检测的面积2) Manual inspection equipment 手提式检测设备3) Stationary equipment 固定式检测设备4) Medium-and heavy-duty equipment 大、中型检测设备5) Mechanized inspection equipment 机械化检测设备9. Types of discontinuities detected by magnetic particle testing 磁粉检测中不连续性的种类1) Inclusions 夹杂2) Blowholes and porosity 砂眼和气孔3) Flakes, cracks 发裂、裂纹4) Pipes, laminations and laps 缩孔和分层5) Forging bursts 折叠6) Voids 孔穴10. Magnetic particle test indications and Interpretations 磁粉检测的磁痕评定1) Relevant indications 相关显示a. Indications of nonmetallic inclusions 非金属夹杂的磁痕b. Indications of surface seams 表面裂缝的磁痕c. Indications of cracks, bursts and flakes 发裂和裂纹的磁痕d. Indications of laminations, laps and porosity 缩孔和分层的磁痕2) Nonrelevant indications 非相关显示Training Course for Level MTMT- 级人员的培训课程1. Principles 原理1) Theory 理论2) Magnets and magnetism 磁体和磁性2. Flux fields 磁场1) Direct cur

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