2019版高考英语二轮复习第2板块专题3完形填空第2节五大解题技法学案（含解析）.docx

第2节 五大解题技法技法一利用上下文暗示解题解题技法分述在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。考生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。经典案例分析(2018全国卷)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I41.jumped at the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 43 enough about free credits，news about our44.instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which45.meant I would be learning from one of the games 46 .I could hardly wait to47.meet him.42A.wasteBearnCsaveDpay43A.excitedBworriedCmovedDtired46A.fastestBeasiestCbestDrarest思路分析根据第一句的a“free”course可知课程是免费的，我欣然接受，毕竟谁不想节省几美元呢？故42空选 C ；根据44空后面的appealing可知，即使我对自由学分不感兴趣，可是关于这门课程教师的消息却对我有足够的吸引力，故43空选 A ；根据45空前的an international grandmaster可知他是一位国际大师，这意味着我将师从最佳国际象棋选手之一，故46空选 C 。(2018江苏高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers fees.To make matters worse，Moth was diagnosed(诊断)with a 37 disease.There was no 38 ，only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a 39 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers(徒步旅行者)guide.36A.drawn upBused upCbacked upDkept up37A.mildBcommonCpreventableDserious38A.cureBluckCcareDpromise39A.businessBwalkingCbusDrail思路分析根据36空后面的to pay lawyers fees可知，为了支付律师的费用，他们的积蓄都用光了，故36空选 B ；根据38空后面的only pain relief可知，只能缓解疼痛，没法治愈，这说明疾病很严重，故37空选 D ，38空选 A ；根据39空后面的an old hikers(徒步旅行者)guide可知，他们决定作一次徒步旅行，故39空选 B 。技法二利用词汇复现解题解题技法分述完形填空的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形填空的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。经典案例分析(2018天津高考)I learned this lesson from a(n)17.experience many years ago.I took the head 18 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didnt even practice to 20.prepare for the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.18A.operatingBeditingCconsultingDcoaching19A.successfulBexcellentCstrongDnew思路分析根据20空后面的Being the coach of the new team可知，我担任新队的教练，那么通过coach的复现我们可锁定18空选 D ；根据19空前的old可知，老队和新队进行一场比赛是一种传统，这样通过old的反义词复现可锁定19空选 D ，后面old和new的再次出现更加印证了答案。(2017全国卷)A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman.But 41.restrictions apply.You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 .Jordan Axani,28，said he and his then girlfriend，Elizabeth Gallagher，booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May，but their 43.relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to 44.go to waste.The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让)45.policy，but since passport information was not required when 46 ，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47.use it.42A.originBpassportCaccentDfriend46A.applyingBbookingCcheckingDbargaining思路分析根据45空后面的passport information was not required可知，当时不需要提供护照信息，只要有护照就能够申请，故42空选 B ；根据43空前面的booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May可知，在五月订购了一张打折很多的机票，故46空选 B 。技法三利用习惯搭配解题 解题技法分述完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。经典案例分析(2018全国卷)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this48. job was no game for him; he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50.pass the class， among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,52.eventually，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53.course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the54.classroom.49A.realBperfectCclearDpossible51A.add BexposeCapply Dcompare思路分析49空所在的句子说，在他的介绍中，他明确表示这些学分不容易得到。make .clear意为“把说清楚”为固定短语，故49空选 C ；51空所在的句子说，为了通过这门课，我们必须写一篇论文，讲述我们如何计划将在课堂里所学的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply .to .“将应用于之中”，为固定短语，故51空选 C 。(2018北京高考)Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received 8,000.“I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him.People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job 34.offers and all sorts，” Mr.Anderson commented.32A.borrowBraiseCsaveDearn33A.ofBatCforDin思路分析32空所在的句子说，Mr.Anderson在网上发起一个活动为Mr.Smith和其他无家可归的人筹钱。raise money“筹钱”为固定短语，故32空选 B ；33空所在的句子说，我认为大家向他表示出的信任感动了他。faith常和介词in搭配，show faith in意为“对表示信任”，故33空选 D 。技法四利用逻辑关系解题解题技法分述文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，选择关系，递进关系，因果关系，目的关系，解释关系等。完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。经典案例分析(2018北京高考)Mr.Anderson said: “I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26.when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 27 he didnt take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 28 .Its unbelievable.It just proves there are 29.honest guys out there.”27A.ratherByetCalreadyDjust28A.tooBthoughCagainDinstead思路分析27和28空所在的句子说，这个人一无所有，但是他没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。27空前后是转折关系，and yet相当于but，故27空选 B ；28空表示的是选择关系，表示“替代”，故28空选 D 。(2017浙江高考)The books are in every language new books，ancient books， 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42.safe place，but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands.40A.thenBstillCevenDrather41A.permissionBconfirmationCexplanationDinformation思路分析40空所在的句子在语义上表示递进，“有新书、古书，甚至还有700年前有关伊拉克历史的书籍”，故40空选 C ；42空后有but，应是转折关系，根据“但是他们拒绝了”，可知，她请求过政府的允许，故41空选 A 。技法五利用情景排除解题解题技法分述完形填空的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的，这时就要求考生对空白前后的情景进行合理想象，然后用排除法确定正确选项，因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。经典案例分析(2017全国卷)Through the years，Id run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52.graduation from high school and remained the same 53.caring person I met forty years before.Once，while working overnight at a store，he let a homeless man 54.sleep in his truck.Another time，he 55 a friend money to buy a house.51A.assessmentsBcommentsCinstructionsDupdates55A.paidBchargedClentDowed思路分析51题在文中找不到伏笔或暗示，但根据前后的情景可知，作者这些年不时地会碰到以前的学生，他们会给他提供些老学生们的“新信息(updates)”，这样就可排除A、B、C三个选项，故51题选 D ；根据55空白后的“朋友买房”，可判定他借给了朋友一些钱，故55题选 C 。(2016四川高考)Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you dont want to read it，give it 54.back.Maybe your mom would 55 hearing the story.”The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.By the end of the first chapter， 56 were coming from the back seat：“Please read a little 57.louder.”55A.enjoyBadmitCmindDfinish56A.decisionsBrequestsCcommentsDpromises思路分析55和56题在文中找不到伏笔或暗示，但根据前后的情景还是能推出答案的。55空前面说让小孩把书归还，“或许你的妈妈喜欢(enjoy)听这个故事”，其他选项明显与前后情景不符，可排除，故55题选 A ；56空后面的“Please read a little 57.louder.”是一个祈使句，明显是表示“要求(requests)”，可很容易地排除其他选项，故56题选 B 。(2016全国卷)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk.And theyve never actually 21 you.Everything they know about you 22 through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the 25 is.Powerful, yes, but not always 26 .For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met 27 ， got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really 28 me.I sometimes wished to 29 another agent.One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Ranis office 31 .The woman sitting at the desk， 32 my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 33 smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 34 immediately.“What a wonderful lady！”I thought.Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder，“By the way, whats your name？”“Im Rani，”she said.I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 37 ！ Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 38 .Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.Ranis 39 her warm smile, her nods，her Im here for you 40 were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.21A.acceptedBnoticedCheardDmet22A.cameBmovedCranDdeveloped23A.ThusBYetCThenDIndeed24A.ratherBalsoCjustDalready25A.telephoneBvoiceCconnectionDimpression26A.directBusefulCeasyDaccurate27A.in personBby myselfCin publicDon purpose28A.annoyedBinterestedCdiscouragedDconfused29A.promoteBtrainCfindDknow30A.arrangeBpostponeCconfirmDbook31A.for the first timeBat any timeCfrom time to timeDin good time32A.expectingBseeingCtestingDavoiding33A.shyBcomfortingCfamiliarDforced34A.billBformCticketDlist35A.hopefullyBdisappointedlyCgratefullyDregretfully36A.carefulBseriousCnervousDpleasant37A.amusedBworriedChelplessDspeechless38A.calmBniceCproudDclever39A.forgivenessBeagernessCfriendlinessDskillfulness40A.explanationBattitudeCconceptDbehavior21D词汇复现。根据第二段“Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met”可知，“他们从来没有见过(meet)你”。22A情景排除。他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有