M6Unit1GrammarSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气.ppt

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气 1 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 2 定义 用来表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生的情况 而是一种愿望 建议 假设的语气叫虚拟语气 虚拟语气的特点 1 虚拟语气用以表示假定 想象 愿望等非事实的观念 2 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的 因此主句的结论也只能是想象的 非事实的 3 这些特点决定了它必须使用不同于真实句的动词形式 一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 条件从句 If从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 将来 一般过去时 过去完成时 would could should might V 原 would could should might have p p 1 一般过去时2 weretodo3 should V原 would could should might V原 1 IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick 2 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug 3 IfIhadtakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadeamistake 4 Ifhehadbeenthere itwouldn thavehappened 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 5 Ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 6 Ithinkwecoulddoit ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools 7 Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 与将来事实相反 二 虚拟语气特殊句型 wish宾语从句 从句动作先于主句动作发生 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 将来不大可能实现的愿望 过去时 were 过去完成时 would could might Vshould IwishIwereabird IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 3 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 从句动作先于主句动作发生 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 将来不大可能实现的愿望 2 wouldrather that 现在 过去 将来 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow Iwouldratheryouhadgone too Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 3 asif though Clause虚拟 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时 Helooksasifheweredrunk Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson Itseemsasifitwerespring Irememberedthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 从句动作先于主句动作发生 2 不接虚拟语气的用法 表示可能或真实的情形 ItlooksasifIamgoingtobebusy Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain 4 It s about high time that should V 过去时 你该走了 我们该去睡觉了 It stimethatyouwent It stimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed Should不可省略 5 表示要求 命令 建议的虚拟语气 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 即 1 insist2 order command3 advise suggest propose4 demand require request desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 我们建议Tom去休息一下 他坚决要求我到场 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 WesuggestedthatTom should havearest HeinsistedthatI should bepresent Thekingorderedthattheprisoners should bekilledthenextday Theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式一样 即 should V order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire It ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown insist suggest不接虚拟的用法 1 Sheinsistedthatshewasright 她坚持认为自己是对的 坚持事实 Hisuncleinsiststhatheshouldnotstayinthehotel 他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里 2 Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy Isuggestedthattheteachers wages should beincreased 6 without和butfor构成虚拟 butfor 要不是 Withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday Butforyourhelp Iwouldn thavefinishedthework Withoutyourhelp Iwouldhavefailed Butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 7 Ifonly 要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 8 It snecessary strange natural important that Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 9 某些简单句的固定句型 Heavenhelphim Godblessyou Mayyousucceed LonglivethePeople sRepublicofChina 三 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 这种条件句叫做混合条件句 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 各归各 的原则 Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingbetter Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital 过去 现在 2 虚拟条件句倒装 条件从句中有should were had三个助动词可以把if省略 并将这三个词提至句首 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup Ifitwerenotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties Wereitnotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthelakeagain HadIhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthelakeagain Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo Shouldtherebeaflood whatshouldwedo ExercisesfortheSubjunctivemood 1 Whenastickispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasthoughit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken2 Areyougoingtotheballtonight It stoolatenow HowIwishaboutitearlier A I llknowB I veknownC IknowD I dknown3 Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybodytherules A obeysB obeyC willobeyD wouldobey4 Jack sbeenillforsomeweeks Iknow Iwishseeadoctor A heshouldB hecanC he llD hecould C D B D 5 Youshouldhavegonetothecinemawithusyesterday Thefilmwasverygood IwishI yesterdayoff I dhavegonewithyou A havehadB hadC haveD hadhad6 I