丁香栽培技术.doc

/ / / / 丁香栽培技术丁香为丁香花的简称,又名紫丁香、百结花等,为木樨科香花属落叶灌木或小乔木。植株高45m,树皮暗灰色或灰褐色,有沟裂,枝条光滑无毛。叶卵圆形或肾脏形,先端锐尖,叶基心脏形,全缘,革质。初春开花,花单瓣或重瓣,开于前年小枝上,顶生或腋生,花端四裂,筒状,呈圆锥花序,瓣柔色紫,清香袭人,为我国着名园林花卉。 Ding Xiang Ding Xiang spent a short, also known as purple Ding Xiang, ragged flowers, osmanthus flowers for families is a deciduous shrub or small tree. Plants with high 45m, the bark dark gray or gray-brown, a fissure, branches glabrous. Leaves ovate or reniform, apex acute, leaf base cordate, margin entire, leathery. Early spring flowers blossom, single or double, opened in the year branchlets, terminal or axillary, blossom end four crack, cylindrical, show panicle, flap soft purple color, fragrance Xiren, as Chinas famous garden flowers.一、地块选择 A, site selection丁香性喜阳光,忌积水,耐寒耐旱,一般不需多浇水。要求肥沃、排水良好的砂壤土,切忌栽于低洼阴湿处。如果栽在荫蔽环境中,则枝条细长较弱,花少且花序短小而松散。若种植在瘠薄的土地上,虽然也能生长,但花少,且长势瘦弱。因此,宜栽在向阳、肥沃、土层深厚的地方。 Clove like sunlight, avoid seeper, cold and drought resistance, generally do not need watering. Requirements of sandy loam soil fertile, well-drained, avoid by all means is planted in the low-lying damp. If planted in shade environment is weak, slim branches, flowers and inflorescences short and loose. If planted in poor soil, although also can grow, but spend less, and growing thin. Therefore, should be planted in sunny, fertile, deep soil.二、苗木繁殖 Two, seedling breeding1.种子繁殖,910月份,蒴果由绿色变为黄褐色,为种子成熟标志,应立即连同果枝剪下,以防种子散失。从小枝上采集果穗后及时放入通风干燥的室内阴干,不宜曝晒,以免种子强度失水而丧失生命力。在室内堆放厚度45cm,并经常翻动使其慢慢阴干,待有2/3蒴果开裂时,即可用柳条或其他木棒抽打脱粒,除去毗籽即得净籽。用清水浸泡种子,每5d换1次水,1个月后捞出用0.03%的高锰酸钾消毒2h,然后进行催芽(可常温也可加温),但要经常翻动。选择土质疏松肥沃的砂质土壤、排水良好、较干燥的地块,做成长10m、宽1.5m、高1520cm的高床,底肥施碳铵150225kg/hm2、腐熟有机肥3045t/hm2,并用硫酸亚铁150kg/hm2或退菌特150225 kg/hm2进行土壤消毒。秋季播种,秋播种子不必处理,采种后即在10月下旬播种,播幅宽8cm,行距宽20cm,沟深23cm,覆土厚度2.02.5cm,播后秋灌,以利保墒。翌年春发芽早,出苗也整齐。春季播种,处理过的种子经过催芽有30%种子裂嘴露白,4月下旬开始播种,技术同秋播。试验表明,春播比秋播效果好,虽然出苗迟,但出苗整齐,出苗率较高,而且生长略高。 1 seed breeding, 910 month, capsule change from green to brown, as seed maturity, should immediately with the branch cut, to avoid seed loss. Collection ear from branchlets timely in ventilated and dry room to dry, unfavorable insolate, lest seed strength loss and loss of vitality. Stacked 45cm thickness in the interior, and often flip to slowly up, stay with 2/3 capsule dehiscing, the wicker or other wooden whip threshing, removal of adjacent seed that net seed. Seeds soaked with water, each 5D in 1 water, 1 months after the fish out with potassium permanganate disinfection 2H 0.03%, and then germination ( temperature or heating ), but always turn. Select the soil loose fertile sandy soil, good drainage, dry land, do high bed 10m, wide 1.5m, grow 1520cm, basic fertilizer ammonium bicarbonate 150225kg/hm2, decomposed organic fertilizer 3045t/hm2, and ferrous sulfate 150kg/hm2 or tuzet 150225 kg/hm2 to soil disinfection. Autumn sowing, sowing the seeds without treatment, after seed in late October sowing, sowing width 8cm, row spacing, 20cm, depth 23cm, covering soil thickness 2.02.5cm, after sowing in autumn irrigation, soil moisture. In the spring of the next year early germination, seedling emergence and neat. Spring sowing, treated seeds after germination with 30% seeds crack mouth white, starting in late April sowing, with autumn. Experiments show that, in spring than autumn sowing effect is good, although the emergence of late, but neat emergence, seedling emergence rate is higher, and the growth of slightly higher.2.扦插繁殖,可用嫩枝扦插和硬枝扦插。丁香的硬枝扦插是取一至二年生健壮枝条作插穗,直接插入温床,使其生根发芽而形成新的植物体。通常是春季花谢后1个月剪取顶枝进行扦插,插穗的长度为1015cm,带有23对芽节,其中1对芽节埋入土中,在25条件下,3040d生根,当幼根由白变为黄褐色时开始移苗栽植。嫩枝扦插在78月进行,选当年生的粗壮枝条,剪成15cm左右长的插条,插入事先准备好的苗床内,并适当遮荫,保持湿润,50d左右生根。若插前用500 g/g的吲哚丁酸快速处理插穗,可使扦插生根率达80%以上。扦插成活后,第2年春季移植。 2 cutting propagation, available softwood cutting and hardwood cuttings. Ding Xiangs hard branch cutting is a biennial branches to robust as cuttings, directly into the ground, causing it to take root and the formation of new thallus. Spring flowers are usually 1 months after clipping top cuttings, cuttings of length 1015cm, with 23 on the bud section, 1 section of bud is buried in the soil, in the condition of 25 , 3040d rooting, started planting when transplanting roots from white to brown. Softwood cutting was carried out in 78 months, selected the stout branches, cut into about 15cm long cuttings, insert a prepared seedbed, and the appropriate shade, moist, about 50D rooting. If the rapid processing of cuttings with IBA 500 g/g before cutting, can make the Sone rate of more than 80%. The cutting survival after second year spring, transplantation.3.嫁接繁殖,嫁接可用芽接或枝接。芽接法:芽接可于78月进行,枝接则在早春萌动前进行为好。嫁接所用砧木一般为女贞、水蜡、流苏、丁香等。女贞砧木萌芽容易,应随时剪除,否则数年后仍为女贞而非丁香。接穗要选用当年生健壮枝条上的饱满叶芽,砧木选用一至二年生丁香实生苗。嫁接时,接穗上的叶片要剪掉,只留叶柄,然后在芽的上方1cm处横切1刀,再从芽的下方1.01.5cm处向上平削,将皮层内的木质部剥掉。把砧木距地面5cm至10cm处横切1刀,再从切口中间向下切长3cm左右的立刀,使之呈“T”字形,然后轻轻地把皮剥开,将接穗插入“T”字口内,接穗与砧木要紧密对合,最后用塑料薄膜条捆绑即可。芽接后23周,如果接穗上的叶柄自然脱落,说明芽已成活,这时可解除塑料条。枝接法:一般在早春萌动前进行,接穗长度为810cm,带2对芽节,将接穗下部两边削成斜面。砧木选用一至二年生丁香实生苗,在离地面510cm处切掉顶部,再从砧木的断面上垂直向下劈开1条缝,然后将接穗插入。接穗的斜面与砧木要紧密吻合,用塑料条捆绑好。为防止嫁接刀口处失水过多,可用湿润的土埋上,待接穗上的芽萌动后,去掉覆盖的土。也可秋、冬季采条,经露地埋藏于翌春枝接,接穗当年可长至5080cm,第2年萌动前需将枝干离地面3040cm处短截,促其萌发侧枝。靠接法:将丁香接穗与砧木,各削1个相同大小的接口,将两者紧密地捆绑在一起。当刀口产生愈伤组织后,将砧木从接口上方1cm处将顶枝剪掉,将接穗从接口下方1cm处剪断,使之成为一个新的植物体。 3 grafting, budding or grafting grafting available. The budding: grafting can be in 78 months, grafting behavior of good progress in early spring. The rootstocks generally privet, wax, tassels, clove etc. Ligustrum rootstock sprout easily, should be cut off, otherwise the number of years still to privet instead of clove. Scion should choose the Hale branch of full buds, stock selection to a biennial clove seedlings. Grafting scion, blade to cut off, leaving only the petiole, and then in the above 1cm crosscut bud 1 knife, from bud below 1.01.5cm to flat cut, the cortex in the xylem of. The stock of 5cm from ground to 10cm 1 cutting knife, then cut down from the middle cut length is about 3cm vertical knife, to form a T shape, and then gently pulling off the shell, the scion is inserted into the T word of mouth, scion and rootstock should closely together, finally, the plastic film strip bundle you can. 23 weeks after grafting, if petiole scions on fall off naturally, that bud has survived, then remove plastic strip. The grafting method: usually in the spring before germinating, scion length is 810cm, with 2 on the two sides of the lower part of the scion bud, cut slope. Stock chooses one to a lilac seedlings, from the ground 510cm cut off the top, then from the rootstock section vertically split 1 slits, the scion is then inserted into the. The bevel and rootstock scion to fit together, bundled with plastic strips. In order to prevent graft incisions losing too much water, can be used wet soil, the scion of the budding, remove the cover soil. Also can fall, winter, the outdoor buried in the Yichun scion grafting, the year of up to 5080cm, second years before germinating the branches from the ground 3040cm stub, promote the germination of collateral. inarching: will Ding Xiang scion and rootstock, each cut 1 the same size of interface, the two are closely tied together. When the blade callus, the stock from the interface of 1cm above the top branches will be cut, the scion from beneath the interface of 1cm cut, make it become a new plant.4.压条繁殖,以2月进行最好。将根际萌蘖条压入土中,若枝条太粗可刻伤后再压。压后保持土壤湿润,23个月可生根,当年秋季即可隔离母株,另行栽植。 The 4 layering, in February was the best. The root suckering pressure into the earth, Wakaji Jota crude can cut pressure. Keep the soil moist pressure, 23 months can be rooted, autumn can be isolated maternal plant, separately cultivated.5.分株繁殖,一般在早春萌芽前或秋季落叶后进行。将植株根际的萌蘖苗带根掘出,另行栽植,或将整墩植株掘出分丛栽植。秋季分株需先假植,翌春移栽。栽前对地上枝条进行适当修剪。 5 ramets propagation, usually in early spring or autumn leaves. The plant rhizosphere sprouting seedling with root out, separately cultivated, or will the whole pier plant dig clustering planting. Autumn ramets to heel, next spring transplanting. Proper pruning of aboveground shoots before transplanting.三、适时移栽 Three, timely transplanting丁香宜在早春芽萌动前进行移栽,栽植时,需带上土坨,并适当剪去部分枝条,栽植三至四年生大苗,应对地上枝干进行强修剪,一般从离地面30cm处截干,翌年即可开出繁茂的花来。株距23m,还可根据配置要求进行调整。栽植时多选二至三年生苗,栽植穴直径7080cm,深5060cm。每穴施充分腐熟的有机肥料1kg及骨粉100600g,与土壤充分混合作基肥,基肥上面再盖1层土,然后放苗填土。 Ding Xiangyi was in the early spring bud transplanting, before planting, take soil Tuo, and appropriate to cut off part of branches, three to four years planting seedlings, deal with the ground branches strong pruning, generally from the ground 30cm stem cutting can be opened, the lush flowers. Spacing of 23m, also can be adjusted according to requirements. When planted more two to three years of seedlings, planting hole diameter 7080cm, depth 5060cm. Each was fully decomposed organic fertilizer 1kg and powder 100600g, fully mixed with the soil fertilizer, fertilizer top and then covered with 1 layer of soil, then the seedling soil.四、肥水管理 Four, fertilizer and water management丁香对肥料要求不高,切忌施肥过多,否则易引起徒长,从而影响花芽形成,反而使开花减少。酿酒设备但在花后应施些磷、钾肥及氮肥,每株磷、钾肥不超过75g,再加氮肥25g即可。若施用厩肥或堆肥,需充分腐熟并与土壤均匀拌合,每株施500g左右。一般每年或隔年入冬前施1次腐熟的堆肥,即可补足土壤中的养分。栽后灌足水,以后每隔10d浇1次水,连续浇35次。每次浇水后都要松土保墒,以利提高土温,促进新根迅速长出。以后每年春季,当芽萌动、开花前后需各浇1次透水,浇后立即中耕保墒。灌溉可依地区不同而有别,华北地区,46月是丁香生长旺盛并开花的季节,每月要浇23次透水,7月以后进入雨季时,要注意排水防涝。至11月中旬入冬前要灌足冻水。 Ding Xiang does not have high requirements on the fertilizer, avoid too much fertilizer, otherwise easily lead to excessive growth, thus affecting the flower bud formation, but the blossom reduction. But in the flowers should be applied more phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer per plant does not exceed 75g, plus nitrogen fertilizer 25g. If the application of manure or compost, need to fully matured and soil mixing, each tree was about 500g. General annual or biennial before winter Shi 1 compost, can complement the nutrient in soil. After planting, irrigation water, after 1 times of water every 10d casting, continuous casting 35. Every time after watering to soil moisture, in order to improve the soil temperature, promoting the rapid growth of new root. After a year in the spring, when the bud, blossom before and after the water 1 times water, poured immediately after the cultivation conservation. According to different irrigation area is different, in North China, 46 month clove vigorous growth and blossom season, a month to cast 23 permeable, July after entering the rainy season, should pay attention to drainage. Until the middle of November before winter to fill cold water.五、修剪 Five, pruning丁香的修剪一般在春季萌动前进行,主要剪除细弱枝、过密枝、枯枝及病枝,并合理保留好更新枝。花谢以后,如不留种,可将残花连同花穗下部2个芽剪掉,同时疏除部分内膛过密枝条, 太阳能热水工程有利通风透光和树形美观,有利促进萌发新枝和形成花芽。防渗膜价格落叶后可把病虫枝、枯枝、纤细枝剪去,并对交叉枝、徒长枝、重叠枝、过密枝进行适当短截,使枝条分布匀称,保持树冠圆整,以利翌年生长和开花。 Ding Xiang pruning us