阅读长难句及特殊句法结构分析.doc

阅读长难句及特殊句法结构分析Part One 翻译以下句子,注意括号内提示的从句和特殊结构1. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to studyhumans and endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(句子拆分组合)2. Relaxation will be in front of small television, and digital age will arrive. (词性转译)3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. (词性转译)4. Environmentalists deem it critical that electronic trash be reclaimed and recycled in an environment-friendly manner.(名词性从句)5. Not long ago, scientists made a thrilling prediction that the application of virtual reality to surgical operation will be turned into reality in a couple of decades and that surgeons then will wear 3-D helmets to maneuver robots so as to conduct elaborate operations.(名词性从句)6. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (定语从句)7. A suspicious-looking guy was seen to enter the premises of the company about the time the robbery occurred. (被动态)8. If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition - wealth, distinction, control over ones destiny - must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf. (被动态)翻译一下含有被动语态的句子，注意写作当中可以使用It is claimed(asserted) thatIt is reckoned thatIt was felt(told) thatIt can not be denied thatIt is alleged thatIt has been documented thatIt is unanimously agreed thatIt is still to be anticipated thatIt was first intended that9. It is application of human ingenuity that has boosted food production, not merely in line with, but ahead of, population growth.(否定结构)10. It was none other than Nancy herself who lied to everyone about her background and in turn humiliated herself. (否定结构)11. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. (否定结构)12. The excessive exploitation of natural resources will not so much benefit human beings as propel us to a dilemma. (比较结构)13. He had a better command of expertise in this area than to commit such a blunder.（比较结构）14. What is amazing that nowadays an average student in senior high school doesnt have to know less about physics than Newton did. (比较结构)15. Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another. (倒装省略)Part Two 阅读以下含难点的句子，并判断其后句子的正误1. The Conservatives last night demanded that the Government cease all but essential advertising during the election campaign amid concerns that Labor have been cashing in on taxpayer funded publicity.Conservatives believe that Labor Party during the election campaign has overspent so that they should cut back on essential advertising. 对比下面这个句子The theory is all but impractical. 2. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is drug.It can be implied from the sentence that food might influence our physical or mental well-being like drug. 3. Surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest. The essay didnt dismiss environmentalists as anit-science. 4. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.The departure of families from stable community to some extent contributes to the unreliability of information available to them. 5. Nothing could be further from the truth if we assert modern society can do well without the contribution that women can make in the professions and other kinds of work.It can be inferred from the sentence that womens contribution to modern society is overstated. 6. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.A business man is expected to conform with rules of conduct, which are the moral code governing his activity. 7. It is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.Agricultural and industrial efficiency as well as economic strength of a country to a certain extent could be attributed to the efforts of scientists.8. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.One of the prominent features of social sciences lies in its emphasis on first-hand data. 9. Aristotle, whose natural science dominated the Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from the self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where it belongs. The self-evident principle points out that objects fall to the ground because thats where it belongs. 10. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very cause of unhappiness and illness.Most possibly our unhappiness and illness arise from our urge to rival others.11. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feelings in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their abilities. It is implied in the sentence that most people in our society attach importance to the equality in education in spite of the childrens racial background. 12. If its message were merely confined to information - and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive - advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. The author thinks that it is quite possible for advertising to focus more on information than on persuasion. 13. The paid manager acting for the company, was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar knowledge of the workmen which employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old familyAccording to the sentence, in old family business, the workmen were in such close relation with the employer that they demanded more. 14. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. Whether it is real that business men are in charge of productivity revolution is still at issue.15. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. The official statistics fail to reflect the substantial progress in productivity.16. Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school.That college is not the only proper destination for young people has begun to gain acknowledgement.17. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.The author seems to suggest that todays employees acquire more skills than those in the past. 18. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance.We can learn from the sentence that whether a person adapts well to different work shifts can be measured by his body temperature. 19. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conventionality and stability.It can be implied in the sentence that the departure from the former community is not necessarily harmful to family members.20. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world.The author believes that the content of Oxford dictionary is more culturally biased. 21. This separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime ,punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.The sentence suggests that detectives tend to be not so much tolerant of criminal as are other people in the society.22. The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more.We learn from the sentence that a brief eye contact is meant to ensure the concentration of both listeners and speakers. 23. The impact of physical attractiveness on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to