【步步高】高考英语 话题一 第一节 话题阅读 说理议论拓展训练 外研版(1).DOC

第一节话题阅读说理议论5年真题拓展训练(1)【原题体验】(2013新课标全国完形填空)i went to a group activity，“sensitivity sunday”，which was to make us more _36_the problems faced by disabled people.we were asked to “_37_ a disability”for several hours one sunday.some members，_38_，chose to use wheelchairs.others wore soundblocking earplugs(耳塞) or blindfolds(眼罩)just sitting in the wheelchair was a_39_experience.i had never considered before how_40_it would be to use one.as soon as i sat down，my_41_made the chair begin to roll.its wheels were not_42_.then i wondered where to put my_43_.it took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into_44_.i took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of_45_for several hours.for disabled people，“adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary(临时的)_46_.i tried to find a_47_position and thought it might be restful，_48_kind of nice，to be_49_around for a while.looking around，i_50_i would have to handle the thing myself！my hands started to ache as i_51_the heavy metal wheels.i came to know that controlling the_52_of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n)_53_task.my wheelchair experiment was soon_54_.it made a deep impression on me.a few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the_55_，both physical and mental，that disabled people must overcome.36a.curious about binterested incaware of dcareful with答案c解析考查形容词短语辨析。句意为：“感知星期天”活动的目的是让我们更好地了解残疾人所面对的问题。make sb.aware of使某人意识到，符合语境。37a.cure bpreventcadopt danalyze答案c解析考查动词辨析。句意为：一个周日，我们被要求用残疾人的方式生活几个小时。adopt采用，符合语境。cure治疗；prevent防止；analyze分析。38a.instead bstrangelycas usual dlike me答案d解析句意为：有些人像我一样(like me)选择了轮椅。根据下文可知作者选择了坐轮椅的方式来体验残疾人的生活。39a.learning bworkingcsatisfying drelaxing答案a解析根据后面的“i had never considered before how _ it would be to use one.”可知，作者从来没有考虑过怎样使用轮椅，所以这是一个学习的过程，故选learning。40a.convenient bawkwardcboring dexciting答案b解析考查形容词。句意为：我以前从来没有考虑到操作轮椅是多么笨拙的事情。awkward笨拙的，不方便的，符合语境。convenient方便的；boring烦人的；exciting令人兴奋的。41a.height bforcecskill dweight答案d解析考查名词辨析。句意为：我刚一坐上去，自身的重量使得轮椅动起来了。weight重量，符合语境。height高度；force(武力)力量；skill技巧。42a.locked brepairedcpowered dgrasped答案a解析考查动词辨析。句意为：轮子没有上锁(轮椅都有锁止功能)。(were) locked上锁，符合语境。(were) repaired被修理；(were) powered被驱动；(were) grasped被抓住。43a.hands bfeetckeys dhandles答案b解析句意为：我不知道该把脚放在哪里。根据下句中footrest(搁脚板)可知答案。44a.place bactioncplay deffect答案a解析考查固定短语。句意为：我花了好长时间才把金属的搁脚板弄好。get o place把放到合适的位置；action行动；effect影响，效果。45a.operation bcommunicationctransportation dproduction答案c解析考查名词辨析。句意为：我开始不安地看着我接下来几个小时内唯一的交通工具。transportation运输工具，此处指轮椅；operation操作，手术；communication 交流；production产品。46a.exploration beducationcexperiment dentertainment答案c解析考查名词辨析。句意为：对于残疾人来说，用轮椅却不是一个临时性的试验。语境为：作者在体验残疾人使用轮椅的生活，而残疾人却要一直都使用轮椅。experiment试验，符合语境。exploration勘探；education教育；entertainment娱乐。47a.flexible bsafecstarting dcomfortable答案d解析考查形容词辨析。句意为：我想找一个舒服的地方。根据句中restful(宁静的，安静的)一词可知用comfortable。flexible灵活的；safe安全的；staring开始的。48a.yet bjustcstill deven答案d解析考查副词。句意为：甚至是被推着到处走走也好。语境为：作者想让别人推着自己走。even表示意义递进由自己找个舒服的地方到找个人推着自己走。49a.shown bpushedcdriven dguided答案b解析考查动词辨析。解析参见上题。be pushed被推着；be shown被带领着参观；be driven被驱赶；be guided被引导。50a.realized bsuggestedcagreed dadmitted答案a解析考查动词辨析。句意为：环顾四周，我意识到我只能靠自己应对这一切了。realize意识到，符合语境。suggest建议，暗示；agree同意；admit承认。51a.lifted bturnedcpressed dseized答案b解析考查动词。句意为：因为要转动(turn)沉重的金属轮子我的手也开始疼痛起来。lift举起；press按，压；seize逮住，抓住。52a.path bpositioncdirection dway答案c解析考查名词辨析。句意为：我开始意识到控制轮椅的方向可不是件容易的事。direction方向，符合语境。path道路；position位置；way方式。53a.easy bheavycmajor dextra答案a解析考查形容词辨析。句意参见上题。easy容易的，符合语境。heavy沉重的；major主要的；extra额外的。54a.forgotten brepeatedcconducted dfinished答案d解析考查动词辨析。句意为：我的体验很快就结束了。由下一句可知(was)forgotten被遗忘；(was)repeated被重复；(was)conducted被管理，均不符合语境。55a.weaknesses bchallengescanxieties dillnesses答案b解析考查名词辨析。句意为：几个小时的“残疾”生活只是给了我体验身心被挑战的滋味，而这是残疾人不得不克服的。语境为：作者体验残疾人的生活是一种挑战。challenge挑战；weakness弱点，劣势；anxiety担心；illness疾病。【原题拓展训练】.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图.信息句与长难句分析1i went to a group activity, “sensitivity sunday”，which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.分析：which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“sensitivity sunday”，which在从句中作主语，to make us more aware.为动词不定式作表语；the problems后的faced by disabled people是一个过去分词短语作后置定语，并修饰该词。翻译：我曾经参加了一次集体活动，这个活动的名字叫做“感知星期天”，这个活动能让我们更好地意识到残疾人所面临的问题。2i took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of transportation for several hours.分析：what was to be my only means of transportation for several hours整句话是what引导的宾语从句，作at的宾语；在从句中，what是主语，was是谓语，to be my only means of transportation for several hours是表语。翻译：我开始不安地看着接下来几个小时内唯一的交通工具。【真题精选对应训练】(2013山东完形填空)i used to be a very selfcentered person，but in the past two years i have really changed.i have started to think about other people_36_i think about myself.i am happy that i am becoming a_37_person.i think my_38_started when i was at palomar college.at first，i just wanted to get my_39_and be left alone.i thought i was smarter than everyone else，so i hardly ever_40_to anyone in my classes.by the end of my first semester，i was really_41_.it seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.so i tried a(n)_42_.i started asking people around me how they were doing，and if they were having trouble i_43_to help.that was really a big_44_ for me.by the end of the year，i had several new friends，and two of_45_are still my best friends today.a bigger cause of my new_46_，however，came when i took a parttime job at vista nursing home.one old lady there who had alzheimers disease became my_47_.every time i came into her room，she was so_48_ because she thought i was her daughter.her real daughter never_49_her，so i took her place.she let me_50_that making others feel good made me feel good too.when she died，i was_51_，but i was also very grateful to her.i think i am a much_52_person today than i used to be，and i hope i will not_53_these experiences.they have_54_me to care about other people more than about myself.i_55_who i am today，and i could not say that a few years ago.36a.since bbeforecor dunless答案b解析before在之前，表示的含义是在考虑自己之前先考虑别人，对应前边的改变以自我为中心。37a.famous bsimplecdifferent dskilled答案c解析同以前相比，现在正在做出改变，变成不同(different)于以前的人。38a.education bcareerctour dchange答案d解析change改变，符合语境，这个单词贯穿全文。39a.balance bhomeworkcdegree dinterest答案c解析在大学里，起初作者只想取得学位并且不想被别人打扰。degree学位，符合语境。40a.talked bwroteclied dreported答案a解析talk to sb.和某人谈话，符合语境。因为作者认为自己比别人聪明，因此几乎不和别人说话。41a.careful blonelyccurious dguilty答案b解析lonely孤独的，没有朋友，正好对应下文的“it seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.”。42a.argument bgamecexperiment ddefence答案c解析experiment的含义，引申为一种突破，一种改变，对应下文开始做的事情。43a.dared bofferedchesitated dhappened答案b解析offer to do sth.表示主动提出做某件事情，更能体现出想改变的决心。44a.dream bproblemcduty dstep答案d解析step表示一种进步，紧接着，对应下文的具体的进步之处。45a.us bwhichcthem dwhom答案c解析此处and表示递进，其后的句子缺少主语，再结合语境，故选c项。46a.attitude bhobbychope dluck答案a解析由上文可知，作者之前是个selfcentered person，而通过一次经历发生了变化并对比自己的今昔，所以可得出是态度(attitude)的变化。47a.friend bpartnercguide dguest答案a解析通过上下文可推测出old lady成为了作者的朋友(friend)。48a.polite bhappycstrange dconfident答案b解析通过空格后面的“.because she thought i was her daughter.”可推测出old lady是非常高兴的(happy)。49a.bothered bansweredcvisited dtrusted答案c解析通过文中信息得知old lady是一个病人，所以可推测出是来看望(visit)她。50a.explain bguesscdeclare dsee答案d解析她让我明白愉悦别人也是愉悦自己。see看，观察，理解，认为，符合语境。explain解释；declare宣称；guess猜测。51a.homeless bheartbrokencbadtempered dhopeless答案b解析由“when she died，.but i was also very grateful to her.”以及上文提到作者与她成为了朋友可知作者当时的心情肯定是悲伤的，故选heartbroken。52a.quieter bbusier cbetter dricher答案c解析考查形容词比较级。整篇文章在写作者的今昔对比，从一个自我的人变成一个乐于帮助别人的人，所以肯定是better，表示情况好转。53a.forget bfacecimprove danalyze答案a解析考查动词词义辨析。作者通过这些经历发生了好的变化，可推测作者想记住这些经历，所以应是will not forget，故选a项。54a.forced bpreferredcordered dtaught答案d解析考查动词词义辨析。作者通过这些经历使自己变得更好，所以可推测这些经历教会(teach)了自己。55a.miss blikecwonder dexpect答案b解析考查动词词义辨析。通过文章可推测出与之前比较作者更喜欢现在的自己，故选like，其他选项均不符合语境。5年真题拓展训练(2)【原题体验】(2012新课标全国完形填空)body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！it speaks _36_ than words.according to specialists，our bodies send out more _37_ than we realize.in fact，nonverbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really _38_.and body language is particularly _39_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures (文化)indeed，what is called body language is so _40_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.and misunderstandings occur as a result of it._41_，different societies treat the _42_ between people differently.northern europeans usually do not like having _43_ contact (接触) even with friends，and certainly not with _44_.people from latin american countries，_45_，touch each other quite a lot.therefore，its possible that in _46_，it may look like a latino is _47_ a norwegian all over the room.the latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _48_.the norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep _49_which the latino will in return regard as _50_.clearly，a great deal is going on when people _51_.and only a part of it is in the words themselves.and when parties are from _52_ cultures，theres a strong possibility of _53_.but whatever the situation，the best _54_ is to obey the golden rule：treat others as you would like to be _55_.36a.straighter bloudercharder dfurther答案b解析由首句“身体语言是所有语言中沉默、秘密而又最有力量的语言！”可知，本句应表达“身体语言比口头语言更有说服力”，所以选louder。37a.sounds binvitationscfeelings dmessages答案d解析根据上文的“身体语言是最有力量的语言”可知，我们的身体传递出比我们意识到的更多的信息，所以messages符合句意。38a.hope breceivecdiscover dmean答案d解析本句意为：实际上，非言语交际大约占我们所要表达的真正意思的50%。mean意思是，本意是，符合语境。39a.immediate bmisleadingcimportant ddifficult答案c解析上文说到身体语言在交际中的作用，本句则说明身体语言在跨文化交流时的重要作用，所以使用important。40a.well bfarcmuch dlong答案c解析本句意为：的确，我们所说的身体语言在我们的生活中占了如此大的比重，但实际上往往未被注意到。结合句意可知，四个选项中，只有much跟“a名词”连用合适。41a.for example bthuschowever din short答案a解析下文作者给出了一个实例来说明不同文化背景的人对于“个人空间”的不同习俗，所以此处使用for example，意为“例如”。42a.trade bdistancecconnections dgreetings答案b解析下文举的例子与“个人空间”有关，所以此处使用distance，表示“距离”。43a.eye bverbalcbodily dtelephone答案c解析由下文描述的挪威人不断地后退可知，北欧人不喜欢与其他人有身体上的(bodily)接触，所以c项正确。44a.strangers brelativescneighbours denemies答案a解析与前面的even with friends构成对比，此处应表示“陌生人”。45a.in other words bon the other handcin a similar way dby all means答案b解析与北欧人的习俗构成对比，拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触，所以此处用on the other hand“另一方面”，表示转折。in other words换句话说；in a similar way类似方式地；by all means当然可以。46a.trouble bconversationcsilence dexperiment答案b解析由于习俗不同，所以挪威人与拉丁美洲人在谈话(conversation)时，就会出现拉丁美洲人追着挪威人说话的情形，故选b项。47a.disturbing bhelpingcguiding dfollowing答案d解析根据上题解析，拉丁美洲人追着挪威人，所以使用following。48a.closer bfastercin daway答案a解析谈话过程中拉丁美洲人一直在靠近挪威人，所以使用closer。49a.stepping forward bgoing oncbacking away dcoming out答案c解析挪威人由于不喜欢与别人靠得太近，所以只能不停地后退，故选c项。50a.weakness bcarelessnesscfriendliness dcoldness答案d解析挪威人的后退在拉丁美洲人的眼中是一种冷漠(coldness)，所以d项正确。51a.talk btravelclaugh dthink答案a解析这一段是对上文的总结，在人们交谈(talk)时，有很多事情在发生着，所以a项正确。52a.different beuropeanclatino drich答案a解析根据上文的陈述，当来自不同(different)文化的人聚会时，很有可能会产生误会。53a.curiosity bexcitementcmisunderstanding dnervousness答案c解析文化背景的差异带来的应该是误解(misunderstanding)，所以c项正确。54a.chance btimecresult dadvice答案d解析面对误解，作者给出的应是最好的建议，所以使用advice。55a.noticed btreatedcrespected dpleased答案b解析treat others as you would like to be treated是一个俗语，可译为“用你希望被别人对待你的方式去对待别人”。所以使用treated。【原题拓展训练】.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图.信息句与长难句分析1indeed，what is called body language is so much a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.分析：what is called body language是一个主语从句，what在从句中作主语；so much a part of us是表语，that引导结果状语从句。翻译：的确，我们所说的身体语言在我们的生活中占了如此大的比重，但实际上往往会被忽视。2the norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep backing awaywhich the latino will in return regard as coldness.分析：very probably seeing this as pushiness是现在分词短语作定语，修饰句子主语the norwegian；which引导定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，翻译成“这一点”。翻译：挪威人，会把这种友好表示视为失礼的行为，并不停地往后退，这也会让南美人觉得冷漠。3but whatever the situation，the best advice is to obey the golden rule: treat others as you would like to be treated.分析：whatever引导省略的让步状语从句，省略了连系动词is，也可以换成no_matter_what_the_situation(is)；动词不定式to obey the golden rule作表语，对主语起到“解释、说明”的作用。翻译：但不管怎样，这种情况下的最好建议就是记住这个黄金准则“用你希望被别人对待你的方式去对待别人”。【真题精选对应训练】(2012江苏完形填空)the concept of solitude(独处) in the digital world is almost nonexistent.in the world of digital technology，email，social networking and online video games，information is meant to be _36_.solitude can be hard to discover_37_it has been given up.in this respect，new technologies have_38_our culture.the desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n)_39_as weve known it.people have become so_40_in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted_41_theyd rather not be.today we can talk，text，email，chat and blog(写博客)，not only from our_42_，but from our mobile phones as well.most developed nations have become _43_on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it，and at this point not_44_it would make them an outsider._45_，many jobs and careers require people to be_46_.from this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work.being reachable might feel like a_47_to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.i suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who_48_wants it.computers can be shut_49_and mobile phones can be turned off.the ability to be “connected” and “on” has many_50_，as well as disadvantages.travelers have ended up_51_on mountains，and mobile phones have saved countless lives.they can also make people feel _52_and forced to answer unwanted calls or_53_to unwanted texts.attitudes towards our connectedness as a society_54_across generations.some find todays technology a gift.others consider it a curse.regardless of anyones view on the subject，its hard to imagine what life would be like_55_daily advancements in technology.36a.updated breceivedcshared dcollected答案c解析本段首句句意为：在这个数字世界里，独处几乎是不存在的。所以本句表达的意思是有了电子邮件、社会网络等数字技术后，信息意味着被互相分享(share)。update更新；receive得到，收到；collect收集。37a.though buntilconce dbefore答案c解析一旦你放弃了独处，那么就很难再找回来。此处用连词once引导条件状语从句，符合语境。though尽管，引导让步状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句；before在之前，引导时间状语从句，均不符合语境。38a.respected bshapedcignored dpreserved答案b解析新技术应是塑造(shape)而不是尊重(respect)、忽视(ignore)或保护(preserve)我们的文化，故选b项。39a.edge bstagecend dbalance答案c解析既然渴望与他人联系，那自然就会结束独处的境地。bring sth.to an end使结束，为固定搭配。40a.sensitive bintelligentcconsiderate dreachable答案d解析在这个网络相连的世界，找到一个人是如此容易。此处用reachable(可获得的，可达到的)来表达人很容易被找到。sensitive敏感的；intelligent聪明的，有才智的；considerate体贴的，周到的。41a.even if bonly ifcas if dif only答案a解析由空格前的“.one can often be contacted(一个人经常会被联系到).”与空格后的“.theyd rather not be(宁愿不被联系上)”可知，空格处应表示“即使，尽管”(even if)。42a.media bcomputerscdatabases dmonitors答案b解析我们能交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天和写博客，除了能用手机做到之外，当然就是电脑(computer)了。43a.bent bhardckeen ddependent答案d解析既然大多数发达国家习惯了这种数字技术，所以人们就变得依赖它们。become/be dependent on变得依赖/依靠，为固定搭配。44a.finding busingcprotecting dchanging答案b解析在这种情况下，不使用(using)数字技术会使他们显得像局外人。此处为动名词短语作主语。45a.also binsteadcotherwise dsomehow答案a解析除了上文提到的人们已经习惯了数字技术外，许多工作和职业也(also)需要人们互相联系(connect)。46a.connected btrainedcrecommended dinterested答案a解析见上题解析。47a.pleasure bbenefitcburden ddisappointment答案c解析空格后提到的是那些不想在何时都能被联系到的人，所以being reachable对他们来说自然就是一种负担(burden)。48a.slightly bhardlycmerely dreally答案d解析独处仍然是可能的自然是对那些真正(really)想要独处的人来说的。slightly稍微地，hardly几乎不，merely仅仅。49a.out bdowncup din答案b解析想要独处，可以把电脑关掉，手机也可关掉。shut down关闭，符合语境。shut out不让进入；shut up住口，监禁；shut in把关在房内。50a.aspects bweaknessescadvantages dexceptions答案c解析由空格后的关键词as well as disadvantages可知，此处应填advantages(有利条件)。51a.hidden blostcrelaxed ddeserted答案b解析游客们在山中迷路(lost)，正是手机救了他们的命。如果说是游客们藏(hidden)在或被抛弃(deserted)在山中，则不合常理。52a.trapped bexcitedcconfused damused答案a解析本段提到“容易被联系上”既有有利条件又有不利条件，上句“手机救了很多人的命”是有利条件，此处指不利条件，当人们被逼无奈回电话或回复信息时，他们会感到陷入困境。trapped陷入困境的，受到限制的，符合语境。53a.turn bsubmitcobject dreply答案d解析由上题解析可知此处表示“回复信息”。reply to为固定搭配，意为“回复”。54a.vary barisecspread dexist答案a解析根据后面的“some find.others consider.”可知人们对待“容易被联系上”的态度不同。vary变化，不同，符合语境。55a.beyond bwithincdespite dwithout答案d解析此处表示尽管人们的态度不同，但是很难想象没有(without)科技进步的生活会是什么样子。5年真题拓展训练(3)【原题体验】(2010课标全国完形填空)it was