高三英语人教版复习资(语法篇).doc

GRAMMARContents总纲 (1.句子成分 2.句子种类 3.数词 4.主谓一致 5.插入语) (Page 1- Page 4)专项一 冠词 (Page 4- Page 6) 专项二 代词 (Page 6- Page 9)专项三 形容词与副词 (Page 9- Page 12)专项四 名词与介词 (Page 13- Page 16)专项五 动词 (Page 17- Page 18)专项六 时态与语态 (Page 18- Page 20)专项七 非谓（ing分词, ed分词, 不定式） (Page 20- Page 25)专项八 情态动词与虚拟语气 (Page 25- Page 27)专项九 名词从句和定语从句 (Page 27- Page 31)专项十 连词 (Page 31- Page 34)专项十一 特殊句型 (Page 34- Page37)专项十二 交际 (Page 37- Page 38)总纲 (一)Parts of sentences（句子成分）1.主语 I love you.（主语从句）2.谓语 He went away.3.宾语 I love you.（宾语从句）4.表语 He is a teacher.（表语从句）句子成分 5.补语 宾语补足语 He asked me to leave.主语补足语 I was asked to leave.6.定语 He is a good teacher.（定语从句）7.状语 He went abroad yesterday.（状语从句）8.同位语 Mr. Lee, our teacher, is coming.（同位语从句）9.插入语 By the way, he will go to school.(二)Kinds of sentences（句子种类）I.简单句(五种构成方式)1.主谓（主语+不及物动词） They danced happily.2.主谓宾（主语+及物动词+宾语）Mr. Green bought some food from the supermarket.3.主系表（主语+连系动词+表语） (必须记住五组连系动词) They are all great scientists.4.主谓双宾（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）wish, offer, promise, owe, envy, pay, cost, give, pass, lend, send, show, teach, tell, buy, get, hand, read, write, sing I wish you a happy new year.(1)间接宾语后置,我们可以通过加入介词(to或for)来将间接宾语后置。Please lend me some money. = Please lend some money to me.Mom bought the baby a computer. = Mom bought a computer for the baby.(2)当两个宾语都是代词时，通常将间接宾语后置。Give it to me.注意: 以下结构不属于双宾(1) explain, describe, introduce, complain, say, whisper, murmur to sb. sth. (2) rob, warn, remind, inform sb. of sth. (3) expect sth. of sb. 5.主谓宾宾补（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (宾语的动作或状态) ）(1)形容词做宾语补足语使make sb.ill, drive sb.mad, get sth. dirty, leave sth.open, cut sth.short, tear sth.open, keep sb. busy, find sth.beautiful, shoot sth. dead, think (believe) sth.(to be)good He threw the fox to the ground dead.(2)名词或名词短语做宾语补足语: make (leave/choose/elect/call/name) + n.+ nI cant understand why people elected him President.(3)非谓做宾语补足语只须记住感观动词和使役动词的短语II.并列句：两个或以上简单句用以下四种方法连接1.并列连词(and, so, or, but, yet) He is young, and he is good. (Make) Greater efforts, and you will succeed2.分号：He is young ; he is good.3. ：Try some of this juice-perhaps youll like it.4.两个插入语 for example：I have many good friends, for example, Tom is one of them.that is：He seldom helps others, that is, he is so selfish.III.主从复合句：两个或以上简单句用从句连词连接。I made a promise that if he came, I would beat him. IV.并列复合句:He has to work hard, and if he doesnt work hard, his parents will cry. (三)Numeral（数词）1.普通分数one third, two thirds, a half, a quarter, 3 quarters + of I.分数 2.百分数 thirty percent+ of百分之三十的 3.具体分数one in four=one out of four四个中的一个1.确定基数词: one, two, three(1) three boys (2) three of us (3) three of my students2.不确定基数词: many, few, a few, several, little, a little, some, anyII.基数词 (1) many boys (2) many of them (3) many of my students3.单位基数词dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion(1) three dozen eggs, many dozen eggs (2) three dozen of the eggs, many dozen of those eggs (3) dozens of, scores of, tens of, millions of, billions of, tens of thousands ofIII.序数词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, hundredth（用法见冠词）IV.数词短语 (1)every few days 每几天1.频率 (2)every other day=every two days=every second day每两天(每隔一天) (3)every three days=every third day每三天(每隔两天)(1)enoughplenty of + Ns/Nu 2.许多 (2)lots of=a lot of=a mass of=masses of=a quantity of=quantities of+ Ns/Nu (3)a number of=a good (great) many=many +Ns=many a + Nc(4)a great deal of=an amount of=amounts of + Nu3.越来越多的an increasing number of=a growing number of=more and more4.各种各样的a variety of=different kinds of + Ns/Nu5.大多数的the majority of = most (of the) + Ns/Nu少数的the minority of+ Ns/Nu V.英语没有量词 on his first visit to China(四)Agreement（主谓一致）1. both A and B: Both time and tide wait for no man. I. A and B 2.表示两个人,物或事: What I love and what I hate are none of your business. (1) The famous singer and dancer is coming. 3.表示一个人,物或事 (2) Every (each/no) boy and every (each/no) girl is good.(3) When and where to meet is not decided.II.A介B以A为主：He as well as his friends is going abroad.III. All 单独做主语 1.指人: All but one were here just now. 2.指物: All he has done is right.IV.集体名词 1.强调整体: My class is a good one. 2.强调人: My class are singing a song. audience, crew, crowd, population, family, class, group, team, staffV.二合一名词 1.单独做主语: My trousers are new.2.有a pair of以pair为主: A pair of new glasses is what I passes, trousers, glasses, scissors, chopsticksVI.单复同形的名词 1. Every means has been tried to prevent pollution.2. All means have been tried to prevent pollution. means, cattle, species, sheep, deer, fishVII. the +形容词或分词表示一类: The old are wise.(the old, the dying垂死者, the employing雇佣者, the employed被雇佣者)(the police ,the Chinese , the English, the French)VIII.分数和the rest of以中心名词为主: The rest of the students are fond of computer games.1. There be: There is a book and two pens on the desk.IX.靠近原则 2.平行词组: Not only Tom but also his parants are kind to me(either.or./neither.nor./whether.or./).3. A or B: One boy or his friends are to come.1. One hundred years is a long time. X. Time/Money/Distance 2. One million dollars is a large sum.3. Two thousand miles is a long way.XI.倒装句要认准主语 1. Between the two windows hangs a picture.2. What he needs is more money, while what I need are more books.XII.固定词组(1)One of his books is very good.1. one of (2)He is one of the boys who like English. (定语从句) (3)He is the (only)one of the boys who likes English. (定语从句)(1) a quantity of Ns/Nu +is, large quantities of Ns/Nu +are2.数量 (2) a number of+ Ns+ are, the number of +Ns +is (3) an amount of Nu+ is, large amounts of Nu+ are 3. one and a half apples +is=one apple and a half +is 4. more than one +is 5. many a boy +is 6. we each +are=each of us +is7.加减乘除算式+is8 The 2008 Olympic Games are to be held in Beijing.9. This kind (sort/type) of man is good.= Men of this kind (sort/type) are good.10. My collection of stamps is very wonderful.(五)插入语1. (much/greatly) to ones surprise=to ones (great) surprise (shock, joy, delight, knowledge)2. 否则otherwise=or elseor（连词）3. 然而neverthelesswhile（连词）4. 因此therefore=thus=as a result(and) so（连词）5. 但是however=stillthough无论如何anyway=anyhow=regardless6. 就我所能/知/见so(as) far as I can/know/see; 就而言so(as) far as sb./sth. is concerned 7. 另外also=again=besides=in addition=whats more=moreover=more than that同时 (in the) meanwhile (meantime) = at the same time进一步(甚至)further moreeven（副词）8. 一方面,另一方面on one handon the other hand=for one thingfor another (thing)=firstlysecondly(互换)9. 相反instead=rather=in turn从反方面看on the contrary 10.实际上as a matter of fact=in (actual) fact =actually11.更糟的to make matters worse= whats worse still=whats worse= worse still=worse than that12.最后/终于finally=eventually =in the endeverybody=everyoneevery one of us 所有事alleverything 某人 somebody=someonesome one of us 某事something 任何人 anybody=anyoneany one of us 任何事anything 5. no one = nobody who Nobody (No one) likes football.none how many, how much There are many books here, but none is mine.nothing what I know nothing about you except that you are American.注意：None of us like football.6. no I have no book.=I have not a book. I have no books.=I have not any books. little几乎没有, a little=a bit (of)=a little bit(of)一点, much, how much + Nu7.数量代词 few几乎没有, a few几个 (少)several几个(多), many, how many +Ns一些some (肯定语气), any (否定疑问语气) +Ns/ Nu 完全肯定 all, every, both: All of us like football.8. 完全否定 none, neither: None of us like football.部分否定 not all,every, both, always=all, every, both, always notNot all of us like football. = All of us dont like football.9.不定代词短语：(1) 一个另一个onethe other (两者), one another(三者), one and one (两/三者)一些另一些some others (other + Ns) (2) 另外几个 another two boys=two other boys=two more boys=two boys more (3) 互相 each other=one another (4) 每隔一every other day (5) one day another day=some day (将来某一天) the other day=that day (过去某一天)(6) anyone but+sb., anything but+sth. 决不 (7) no one but+sb, none but+sb, nothing but+sth. 只有(8) all but=almost几乎 (9) something of有点; much of非常；little of几乎不(10) so few (little/many/much) + n. (少少多多); such little boys如此小的男孩(11) not a little很多, not a bit一点都不(12) only(just) a little(few)只有几个, quite a little(few)相当多II.人称代词1. You, he and I are good friends. 2. I, he and you will be punished by our teacher.III.物主代词1. Everyone is sure to try their best. 2. Those who want to go abroad please raise your hands.(在现场)Those who want to go abroad will try their best.(不在现场)IV.反身代词1.主语同位语 He himself went there. 2.宾语(主宾一致) I hate myself.3.反身代词短语: (1)enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun玩得高兴(2)be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。(3)think to onself=say to oneself自言自语(4)oneself 亲自,for oneself 1)亲自,2)为自己,of oneself1)自动,2)主动,by oneself独自 物主代词ones: my, your, his, her, its, their, our V. 限定词 (只用一个) 冠词a, an, the 指示代词 this, that, these, thosemy few friends我的几个朋友, my best friend我最好的朋友 VI. It的用法1.代词it: (1)代名词： it 同一单数 There is only one bike in the shop, so I dont want it.they/ them 同一复数 Some boys are coming. They are my friends.one 同类泛指单数 He has many toys, so I also want one.the one 同类特指单数 Is this factory the one you visited last year?ones 同类泛指复数 Bridges made of stone are stronger than ones of wood.that (1)同类特指不可数 Life in Beijing is higher than that in Chongqing. (2)同类特指单数 He told me his story and that of his sister.the onethose (the ones) 同类特指复数 The streets there are wider than those in Chongqing.(2)代句子： it this/that I hate it when my baby cries. this代替后面句 What he told me is this: he wanted to leave here.that代替前面句 He didnt come. That is why he didnt know it. 交际中代替前面句用so -This is a good school. - He told me so.I think so.I dont think so= I think not. I hope (guess, believe, imagine, suppose, am afraid) so (not). 注意：I need to buy a new car and a house badly but I cant afford it /them .(3)代time/weather/distance (4)代小孩： Its a lovely boy. (5)代未知人：It must be our headmaster.2.引导词it（即形式主语和形式宾语，it只占位无意义）： Its important for students to learn English. (形式主语)(1) 形式主宾 I think it important for students to learn English. (形式宾语) Its foolish of Tom to make that mistake. (形式主语) I believe it foolish of Tom to make the same mistake. (形式宾语)(2)it特殊句型1)当谈到的时候：When it comes to sth, 2)如果你方便：If its convenient to you,3)碰巧：It happens that sb= sb happens to 六个 It happened that he was sleeping.=He happened to be sleeping.4)看起来：It seems/appears that sb = sb seems/appears to六个It seemed that he was sleeping.=He seemed to be sleeping.5)结果：It proves (turns out) that It proved that he had stolen my pen.6)确保：see (to it) that=make sur