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毕业论文(设计)论文题目(英 文)The Festival Cultural Differences between China and Britian11 (中 文)中英节日文化差异学 院 外国语学院 专 业 商务英语 姓 名 肖珍珍 学 号 200814101126 指导教师 李老师 2010年 6 月 8 日OutlineThesis: Through the comparison between Chinese and British festival and discussion of ethnic knowledge, dating back to the history and origion, ethnic language learners can strengthen their the ability of communication and understanding British culture. I .IntroductionII. The origins and forms of the British and Chinese festivals.A. the origin of Chinese traditional festivalsB. the origin of British traditional festivalIII. The different celebration forms between Chinese and British festivals.A. The approaches to celebrate Chinese festivals1 .Spring Festival and New Year2 . Zhong Yuan Jie and Halloween3. Dragon Boat Festival4. The Mid-Autumn festival5. The winter solstice festivalB. The approaches to celebrate British festivals1. Carnival2. Easter3. Christmas4. Thanks giving DayIV. The other specific differences in celebrationA. The comparison in food and drinking during festivals between themB .The different table manners between themC. The differences between the clothing tonal during festivals.V. Conclusion Abstract The origin of British festival celebrations and cultural perspectives, and a comparative study to explore the human culture attribute and rules, reveal the culture and human relations. Chinese and British festival and customs have obvious difference. Chinese festival mainly is for their age and throttle lucky and happy holiday custom to eat, and the main reason is the pursuit of life in Chinese, for the purpose of longevity and health, and through the diet to realize, British festival mainly comes from religion and related events, memory, and god bless the holiday custom to play as the theme, the main reason is the pursuit of life in the west, and for the purpose of healthy and happy by religious and entertainment activities. Different ethnic traditional festivals, and the difference of national or by having the same culture of many people survive form of culture system and way of life is closely related to the difference.内容提要从中西方节日文化的起源以及庆祝方式等视角来进行对比研究,进而发掘人类文化的属性和规则,揭示文化和人类之间的关系。通过比较中西方节日差异, 讨论认识西方各民族的历史与文化, 有助于语言学习者与西方各民族加强沟通与了解。中国和西方国家的节日及其习俗有着比较明显的差异。中国的节日主要源于岁时节气、祈求自身吉祥幸福,节日习俗以吃喝为主题,其原因主要是中国人对生命的追求以健康长寿为目的,并通过饮食来实现;西方的节日主要源于宗教及相关事件,缅怀上帝、求其保佑,节日习俗以玩乐为主题,其原因主要是西方人对生命的追求以健康快乐为目的,并通过宗教和娱乐活动来实现。不同的民族传统节庆之差异,都与该民族或由具有相同文化特质的诸多民族所构成的文化体系的生存形态和生活方式的差异密切相关。关键词 传统节日; 中西文化; 差异;中西文化;节日文化;春节;圣诞节I. Introduction: Traditional ethnic festivals formation is a national historical and cultural long-term accumulation. The origin of the festival for the life of people and are closely linked, it reflects the peoples emotion world, the peoples love of life. There is a famous: each national holiday, is that each national culture is the most realistic. Visible, want to understand the culture of a nation must be from them, the traditional festivalsII. The origins and forms of the British and Chinese festivals.Chinese and British festival and customs have obvious difference. Chinese festival mainly for their age and throttle lucky and happy holiday custom to eat, for the theme, the main reason is the pursuit of life in Chinese, for the purpose of longevity and health, and through the diet to realize, British festival mainly comes from religion and related events, memory, and god bless the holiday custom to play as the theme, the main reason is the pursuit of life in the west, and for the purpose of healthy and happy by religious and entertainment activities. Different ethnic traditional festivals, and the difference of national or by having the same culture of many people survive form of culture system and way of life is closely related to the difference. Traditional ethnic festival is a complex social cultural phenomenon, and contains a national historical formation and precipitation of personality, psychological, beliefs, ideas, ways of thinking, moral sentiment, aesthetic and cultural connotation of the deep structure of the value orientation of national spirit, is in a particular society on the soil of long-term results and important carrier, is a national survival form, the most prominent feature of the show. It is closely associated with the activities of production and understanding people and social historical development activities and produce, evolution and transformation, and controlled by people of different material life and different history of ideology, but also in different levels in the peoples physical and role in the development of culture.Holiday is one year endowed with special social and cultural significance and a day of daily life of rich people, is a showcase of regional, national, and the countrys political, economic, cultural, religious and other summary and extension. Festival is in the festival custom, often appear because of holiday system and deeper natural and social environment varies. Investigate its reason, is mainly composed of peoples ideas and values. Custom differences as an important part of cultural differences affect people with more direct specific role.Through the comparison of the differences between Chinese festival custom, this paper analyses the characteristics of its own, to help us more objectively understanding of Chinese culture, more profound understanding comprehensively, we have positive significance in foreign culture, thus improving intercultural communication competence.A. the origin of Chinese traditional festivalsChina is an ancient civilized country Orient. Its long history and tradition for traditional festivals grew provided fertile soil. As a great agricultural country, Chinese culture is deeply rooted in agriculture. Therefore, the agricultural activities make holiday has local color more. Spring Festival and some agricultural activities, such as planting, harvest, closely related. As the most important holiday in China, Spring Festivals origins can be traced back to thousands of years evolving series of colorful legends and traditions.China has long in the feudal self-sufficient natural economy and agricultural society, the traditional festival has a strong color of agriculture, farming civilization of social characteristics, mainly from the old time to convert. In ancient China, for the long-term by agriculture in productivity and agricultural technology developed circumstances, attaches great importance to the influence of climate on crops. In summer, autumn injected, DongCang, during the process of understanding the nature of complex sequence, summarize four nights, 24, has formed by the traditional festival holiday. Hardworking Chinese people to live better, we must make great efforts to develop agriculture and agricultural development from the weather. The ancients cloud spring, if you clear oil, a busy wheat field gu yu. In ancient times, the Spring Festival, the qingming festival (ancient says march is the important ones. Chinese traditional festivals, feudal society period and survived, the inevitable with the feudal: hierarchy and enclosed, family-based, each with family, family holiday all internal activity center. Holiday, young man, household must worship for the reunion dinner, family and family altogether celebrates the holiday. Even the New Year, Spring Festival is also rightness each other in between relatives. Even the outdoor people, also is a yangge dance performance properties of activity, no national nature of the carnival. In addition, the Chinese festival is another significant characteristic of Chinese food culture embodies the custom. Everyone has the different characteristic festival food requirements, with different from other festival. Like to eat dumplings, yuanxiao, zongzi, moon cake, etc. China embodies the Chinese festival of virtue and fashion, aged respected, xu family, is a fine tradition of our nation, should carry on, so people have clung to the Chinese festival custom, good atmosphere. Even like the day, nor who want to abandon Chinese festival.B. the origin of British traditional festivalIn British countries, religion is a social and cultural center. Meanwhile, through human for god or religious beliefs of the spirit of their control. It is no exaggeration to say, religious exists in all walks of life. Therefore, the festival is closely related with the Christian Christmas, Easter, except with religion.British culture by the influence due to long, the traditional Christian festivals with strong religious origins, such as valentines day (memorial named Watts of Christian martyrs (Easter), commemorates the resurrection), Halloween (all saints), church memorial commemorates the birth of Jesus (Christmas), the origin of these festivals are mostly with religion. Of course, the British festival is on holiday and agriculture based on agriculture, but they are not the history of Chinas long holiday. ,British festivals are more show peoples participation and interactivity, all the emotions, warm revelers vent, self-centered, advocates personality, Thanksgiving and Christmas and valentines day. So here. This section of China and sealing, familial contrary. But these, it reflects the needs of social development and social advancement inevitable, reflected the social group, all human common participation, adapt to the modern society people eager to communicate with each other and together in groups, and emotional outburst. It broke the feudal closed form, no subordinate, old and young, between the grade reflects equality and freedom to express themselves. But in the aspects of not eat, the strict request, what day does not eat at different.III. The different celebration forms between Chinese and British festivals.Chinese traditional festivals, basic is formed during the period of feudal society, inevitably leave traces of the feudal society, the family, the festival, hierarchy in all activities within the family. The British tradition festival will be different, more people are showing the interactivity, collective and revelry, self-centered, advocates personality. The Chinese festivals with familial contrary, reflected the British culture group, reflects people eager to communicate with each other, the participation group, everyone is equal, embodies the characteristics of freedom to express themselves.A .The approaches to celebrate Chinese festivalsSpring Festival in every Chinese and overseas Chinese eyes, is the most important festivals. Its celebration activities are rich and solemn. Lin, a famous Chinese scholar, of Spring Festival, had done a good description, ancient Chinese lunar New Year, Chinas biggest holiday a year, compared with other festivals seem bleak many. The five-day, the whole nation in her best clothes, closed shop, play firecrackers sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal, etc. This is a day of good luck, everybody is looking for a better and more prosperous year, everyone happy, and prepared to increase his neighbors say good luck auspicious speech.1. Spring Festival and New YearAs the New Year began, the difference between great celebrations. As the Spring Festival, Chinas most important traditional festival originated from qing dynasty, is the annual lunar calendar, from January 1 on December 23, people began to develop all kinds of celebration, until the Lantern Festival. The custom of Spring Festival, such as cleaning, paid for the reunion dinner, firecrackers, the lion dance, etc. Anyhow, no matter streetLane, a thick festive atmosphere. While the west, they advocate of the Gregorian calendar year, which is New Years day. Compared with their new way is much more romantic, in late December 31, regional people poured into the streets, grand carnival night, came close to zero, hundreds of thousands of people gather in prayer, together, sincerely for the arrival of the New Year countdown. When the clock strikes twelve, suddenly, the beautiful music played ball, luxuriant, people celebrate burning visible, Spring Festival and New Year Spring Festival, with strong special: the traditional flavor and unique charm, New Year time, reflect the breath and trend of modern life feeling, closer. In China, Spring Festival is Spring Festival, the important time of the year before from han Chinese, instead of the first day of the lunar year, gradually from the early Spring Festival food dish, the merchant, TuSuJiu, to later year, rice dumplings, variety. The ancients believed that year, the date of spring is a start, and then start, on the day he had advised people farming custom. All five nights leakage, tsing capital, both her clothes down to official county sheriff countries to serve food fights are green, green pennant performance, in TuNiu tillage outside, show signs among the people. Farming need strong body and so on food with the corresponding food. The earliest consists of five kinds of vegetables spicy stimulation XinPan namely spring plate and five TuSuJiu, purpose is strong body and farming. With the passage of time, the significance of farming festival advised people, and the strong hope, and further strengthened hope New Year filled with happy auspicious, and then the emergence of a new festival food, such as the symbol of happiness symbol, business year reunion of rice and moral developed linfe, jixiangruyi dumplings, etc. This Spring Festival of Chinese food is of a happy life with prayer and yearning.Spring Festival is called and, because in the lunar year when, say again old. The ancient year, and old and the calendar and agricultural production. Han wu? Of load: too early before the first year (in),. to 104 the shang dynasty. XiaLi in year to year in December, zhou for XiaLi October for year. Again, year means that the mature grain. The oracle in word is fruit harvest image, the in the word cogwheel is mature. The spread of XuanGong? GuLiang sixteen years, great, big grain for years. Visible, nian was originally wish bumper festive days, one after beginning, fresh. Specifically, the Spring Festival eve includes and new two parts, the night before the New Years eve, after zero for the year for. In ancient times, whenever festival, people will be held in the activity, this is the HouHanShu say: JiDong age, the moon and the stars of Yin and Yang to return, and labor and nongda wax. In wax offering sacrifices, for the purpose of god, 100 ancestors, and farmers harvest in farming to rest and recreation of coming to the busy farming activities, and in the next harvest firecracker in prayer. People living forms will affect social life and content, this makes the festival of Chinese traditional life type are dependent on productive years time makes2. Zhong Yuan Jie and HalloweenHalloween and ZhongYuanJie. Halloween is one of the most important festivals in British, peoples attention. That day, every door to hang a lantern, everyone put on clothes, it has to ward off evil spirits. Actually, as advanced developed countries, people already no longer superstitious about ghosts, they mostly for the hell of it. At the same time, people still held the grand masquerade parties. They can be arbitrary to neighbors for food, will be punished. In China, the gate is open ZhongYuanJie legend, this day, in the hell out of imp will wander, superstition of Chinese, for the worship of deities is very afraid. On that day, when they burn incense and pray for worshipping deities not evil on them. So, with the age ZhongYuanJie antipathetic product be washed out gradually3. Dragon Boat FestivalThe Dragon Boat Festival is an important holiday in the summer, the time for the Chinese lunar calendar, its main holiday foods are dumplings. Many scholars believe that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the folk summer solstice, throttle farming. But the summer solstice marks the beginning of summer, often appear in the may. This period is the most exuberant crop growth period, but also the most easily grows, weeds, pest spreads, must strengthen the management. NongYan said: the summer solstice, such as cotton venomous bite. - To remind people to pay attention to the summer solstice, manage the field, also in order to pray for crop harvest, early ancestors bless in the shang era, one in summer solstice special taste was the main food, and use them to shandong ancestor worship. The word studying ceremonies.from? the emperor, midsummer month in shandong, shame to young taste with peach, first lie temple recommendation. This activity gradually, affect the folk custom, and JiaoShu appeared is a special food, dumplings for people in the summer solstice sacrifices and eat. Due to the Dragon Boat Festival evolved from the summer solstice development, then JiaoShu has become the Dragon Boat Festival food. The taiping jin weeks in our lead in the local : common to Gu leaves in shandong, wrapped with grey boil juice chun of May 5th, and officers of the summer solstice pampered. A zong, a JiaoShu, Yin and Yang are wrapped in cover from the elephant is not scattered. Visible, Dragon Boat Festival and dumplings and farming is closely related to the throttle. Dragon Boat Festival originally is the oldest of the national sacrifices his totem - dragon festival, then will the patriotic poet qu yuan to commemorate together, will contain deeper will totem worship and ancestor worship of the organic combination of ethnic culture connotation.4. The Mid-Autumn festivalThe Mid-Autumn festival is the most important festivals in autumn, time for lunar August 15, because it is MengQiu, half past autumn, JiQiu amo

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