过去将来时.doc

过去将来时过去将来时的基本特征，即 “立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。1、 构成1） 肯定：主语+would/should+动词原形He asked me if I would stay here. 他问我是否要待在这儿。 She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本期赶上其他同学们。 When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 过去当你请她帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。2） 否定：主语+would/should+not+动词原形She told us that she would not go with us if it rianed.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不跟我们去3） 疑问：Would/Should+主语+动词原形Would I dine with him? I thought about it before.是否跟他在一起是吃饭呢？我之前考虑过这个问题I didnt know how to do it, What would be their ideas? 我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法？2、 基本用法1、 过去习惯的动作或状态Whenever he had time,he would do some reading.他一有时间，总是看书。This door wouldnt open.这扇门老是打不开I would play with him him when I was a child.当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。2、 用于间接引语及宾语从句中He said he would work for that boss the next year.他说下一年他打算为那个老板工作了。I thought he would accpet the invitation. But he refused it.我原以为他会接受邀请，但他拒绝了。Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。 We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言3、 表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。4、 过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中，f I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了 If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去哈佛大学。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。5、 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。I didnt know when she would come， but when she came I would let you know我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。6、在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。ItwasaSundayafternoon.AyoungwomannamedMariahadjustleftschool.Hewasgoingtostarttoworkthenextweek,soshedecidedtobuysomenewclothesandanewpairofshoes.一个星期天的下午，一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。因为她准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子3、 表示将来时的其他结构1、 Be+going to+动词原形表对于将要发生的事情，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。1、 肯定：Be+going to+动词原形1）表示按计划或安排即将发生的事He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。 He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要拍我去火车站接她2）还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。 2、 was/ were about to + 动词原形 He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。 She said that the meeting was about to begin. 她说会议就要开始了 We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。 He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响起来了3、 was / were to + 动词原形。The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑改在下个月竣工。 Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。4、 come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 was / were +现在分词。He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。 We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。 She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet. - Well, he said he _here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come4Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend 二、填空1 She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.2 I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. 答案： 答案：1 B 2 C 3C 4 D 1 was leaving 2 would lend 3 would be 4 would help现在完成时一、构成：现在完成时由助动词have /has+ 过去分词构成，一般表示影响、结束、继续和经历四种意思。1）肯定：主语+have/has+过去分词这里的have has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为s或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与 过去式的构成方式一样He has been to the Great Wall。他去过长城They have already seen the film.他们已经看过这部电影了。Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了) She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）2） 否定：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词havehas后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为havent ，hasnt。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要用any、yet。The May havent been to Canada since the day they left.从离开的那天起，梅一家就再也没去过加拿大。Eric hasnt got his plane tickets yet.埃里克还没有买到机票。3） 疑问： Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语havehas否定回答用“No，主语haventhasnt”有时也可以用“No，not yetNo ，neverNo，not even onceHave you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes ，I have 是的，我做过。 Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？ No，never不，从来没有。 Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？Yes ，they have是的，他们找到了注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？4） 特殊疑问：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词How long have you been here？你到这儿多久了How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次？2、 现在完成时的用法 （1） 现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经），just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不），before（以前）等连用I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿2、 表示开始于过去的动作最近刚结束常用状语：recently最近 I have just heard the news that our school will set up a press club,我刚听到消息说我们学校要成立一个记者部。The scientists havent discovered any intelligent life on other planets yet？科学家们还没有在其他星球发现有智力的生命3、 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去开始,持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）This week/month 这周/这个月 lately最近、进来These day 这些天 since then 自从那时起 Since 2 days ago 从两天前 up to now 直到现在unti/till now 直到现在 in the past fewdays在过去的几天 during the last two weeks在过去的两天for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）I ve known Grace since my childhood.我从小就认识格雷斯（表示现在还继续往来）He has lived in Beijing for thirty years.他住在北京30年了。（表示现在还在北京）4、 表示从过去到现在之间曾经里，历过的事情。He has never been ill in his life他一生中从未生过病I have been to the Summer Palace twice我曾经去过颐和园两次（表示是过去经历，但现在还记得）（2） has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.（3） 瞬间动不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be awaybegin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead wear -put on1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. （四）)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、 bedead代die 4、 beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、 begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、 beopen代open 8、 be closed代close/shut 9、 bemissing(gone,lost)代lose （5） 用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 （6） 用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2. 用be in the army 代替join the army 3. “be in/at +地点”代替move to 3、 用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1.have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词 have come/gone back/returned have been back have come/gone out have been out have become have been have closed / opened have been close/open have got up have been up； have died have been dead； have left sw. have been away from sw. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； have finished/ended/completed have been over； havemarried have been marriedhave started/begun to do sth. have done sth. have begun have been on have borrowed/bought have kept/had have lost havent had have put on have worn have caught /get a cold have had a cold；have got to know have known have/has gone to have been in 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间的状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等，因为它们与现在毫无关联。比如我们不能说： Han Mei has seen the film two days ago. 因为 two days ago是单纯指过去的一个时间点，只说明“看”这一动作是在两天前发生的，与现在无关。但是，只要将它改为since two days ago 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了，因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19has Mr White been a member of Greener