基于ProE的接水盒注塑模具设计开题报告

编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：基于Pro/E的接水盒注塑模具设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923247学生姓名： 袁蕴芳 指导教师： 曹亚玲 （职称：讲 师 ） （职称： ）2012年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 基于Pro/E的接水盒注塑模具设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923247 学生姓名： 袁蕴芳 指导教师： 曹亚玲 （职称：讲师 ） （职称： ）2011年11月14日 课题来源 本课题来源于实际生活。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题的科学意义本课题研究的意义在于：随着科学技术的发展需要，模具已成为现代化不可缺少的工艺装备，它被称为工业产品之母，所有工业产品莫不依赖模具才得以规模生产、快速扩张，被欧美等发达国家誉为“磁力工业”。模具设计是机械专业一个最重要的教学环节，是一门实践性很强的学科，是对我们所学知识的综合运用，通过对模具设计和制造过程有个基本了解，为以后的工作及学习深造打下了坚实的基础。接水盒是日常生活中常用的基本品，对它的注塑模具进行设计和分析，有一定的现实意义和经济价值，是顺应当前模具制造行业发展需要的，具有重大意义。（2）国内外研究状况、水平和发展趋势 我国模具工业的产值在国际上排名位居第三，仅次于日本和美国。国内的模具生产厂已超过17000家，从业人员达50万。近年来，我国的模具工业一直以每年13%左右的增长速度快速发展，我国模具行业在“十五”期间的增长速度达到13%-15%。如今，CAD/CAM/CAE技术的应用水平又上了一个新台阶，以生产家用电器的企业为代表，陆续引进了相当数量的CAD/CAM系统，如美国EDS的UG、美国Parametric Technology公司的Pro/Engineer等等。这些系统和软件的引进，虽花费了大量资金，但在我国模具行业中，实现了CAD/CAM的集成，并能支持CAE技术对成型过程，如充模和冷却等进行计算机模拟，取得了一定的技术经济效益，促进和推动了我国模具CAD/CAM技术的发展。研究内容 （1）塑件工艺性分析； （2）注射成型机的选用； （3）注射模的结构组成； （4）型腔分布与分型面的设计； （5）浇注系统设计； （6）导向及脱模机构设计 ； （7）侧抽芯机构设计与温度调节系统的设计。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析（1）研究方法借阅相关书籍杂志，充分利用图书馆及网络资源。（2）技术路线 收集资料，确定方案，设计尺寸，三维建模。（3）实验方案 首先对塑件进行工艺性分析，选择接水盒所用材料，并分析其材料性能、成型特性及条件、结构工艺性。根据塑件的生产批量及尺寸精度要求确定型腔数目，确定型腔排布及浇注系统，选用模架。进行校核注射机，设计推出机构及冷却系统、排气系统。然后进行主要零部件强、刚度校核。最后按要求绘制模具零件图、模具装配图。（4）可行性分析 查阅相关设计资料，了解设计过程。熟悉零件各种配合方式和参数的计算，熟练运用AutoCAD软件和Pro/E软件，做出机械零件和装配图以及三维建模。最后整理资料，完成毕业设计论文。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：收集资料，撰写开题报告、文献综述；2013年12月3日-2013年3月1日：完成零件三维造型，制定设计方案；2013年3月4日-2013年3月8日：完成模型结构的设计；2013年3月11日-2013年3月22日：完成设计的相应计算及相关设计结构的和计算的检查；2013年3月25日-2013年4月26日：绘制模型图、模具图、模架图；2013年4月29日-2013年5月3日：绘制装配图；2013年5月6日-2013年5月10日：编写设计说明书；2013年5月13日-2013年5月25日： 递交毕业设计资料，准备答辩材料，并进行答辩。预期成果：设计中各个部件的选择需要具体分析和理论计算，方案拟定正确；设计计算根据来源可靠，计算数据准确无误，定位夹紧元件选用正确规范；机械结构图纸绘制要求视图完整、符合最新国家标准，图面整洁、质量高（图纸绘制要求采用计算机绘图）；用Pro/E完成模具的三维装配，用CAD完成零件图和装配图。特色或创新之处（1）塑料注塑模能够一次成型形状复杂、尺寸精确或带嵌件的塑料制件；（2）采用组合式凹凸模，节省了成本，便于模具的维修。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题（1）已学过的塑料成型加工工艺、注塑模具的设计等，并具备有Pro/E和Auto CAD制图能力；（2）对Pro/E的使用有待加强；（3）对整体结构的优化设计也有待加强。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文The Injection Molding1. The injection moldingInjection molding is principally used for the production of the thermoplastic parts,although some progress has been made in developing a method for injection molding some thermosetting materials.The problem of injection a method plastic into a mold cavity from a reservoir injection molding is quite similar to that of die-casting.The process consists of feeding a plastic compound in powered or granular form from a hopper through metering and melting stages and then injection it into a mold.After a brief cooling period ,the mold is opened and the solidified part ejected.Injection-molding machine operation.The advantage of injection molding are:(i)a high molding speed adapter for mass production is possible;(ii)there is a wide choice of thermoplastic materials providing a variety of useful properties;(iii)it is possible to mold threads,undercuts,side holes,and large thin section.2. The injection-molding machine Several methods are used to force or injection the melted plastic into the mold.The most commonly used system in the in-line reciprocating screw ,as shown in Figure 2-1.The screw acts as a combination injection and plasticizing unit.As the plastic is fed to rotating screw,it passes through three zones as shown:feed,compression,and metering.After the feed zone,the screw-flight depth is gradually reduced.force the plastic to compress .The work is converted to heat by conduction from the barrel surface.As the chamber in front of the screw becomes filled,it forces the screw back,tripping a limit switch that activates a hydraulic cylinder that forces the screw forward and injects the fluid plastic into the closed mold.An antiflowback vavle presents plastic under pressure from escaping back into the screw flight.The clamping force that a machine is capable of exerting is part of the size designation and is measured in tons.A rule-of thumb can be used to determine the tonnage required for a particular job.It is based on two tons of clamp force per square inch of projected area.If the flow pattern is difficult and the parts are thin,this may have to go to three or four tons.Many reciprocating-screw machines are capable of handing thermosetting plastic materials.Previously these materials were handled by compressiong or transfer molding.Thermosetting materials cure or polymerize in the mold and are ejected hot in the range of 375410.Thermosetting parts must be allowed to cool in the mold in order or remove them without distortion.Thus thermosetting cycles can be faster.Of course the mold must be heated rather than chilled,as with thermoplastics.3. Basic Underfeed Mould The description of the design and the opening sequence follows.The mould consists of three basic parts,namely:the moving half,the floating cavity plate and the feed plate respectively.The moving half consists of The moving mould plate assembly,support block,backing plate,ejector assembly and the pin ejectiong system.Thus the moving half in this design is identical with the moving half of basic moulds.The floating cavity plate,which may be the integer or insert-bolster design,is located on substantial guide pillars(not shown)fitted in the feed plate.These guide pillars must be of sufficient length to support the floating cavity plate over its full movement and still project to perform the function of alignment between the cavity and core when the mould is being closed.Guide bushes are fitted into the moving mould plate and the floating cavity plate respectively.The maximum movement of the floating cavity plate is controlled by stop or similar device.The moving mould plate is suitably bored to provide sufficient a clearance for the stop bolt assembly.The stop bolts must be long enough to provide sufficient space between the feed plate and the floating cavity plate for easy removal of the feed system.The minimum space provide for should be 65mm just sufficient for an operator to remove the feed system by hand if necessary.The desire operating sequence is for the first daylight to occur between th e floating cavity plate.This ensures the sprue is pulled from the sprue bush immediately the mould is opened.To achieve this sequence,springs may be incorporated between the feed plate and the floating cavity plate.The springs should be enough to give an initial impetus to the floating cavity plate to ensure it moves away with themoving half.It is normal practice to mount the springs on the guide pillars and accommodate them in suitable pocket in the cavity plate.The major part of the feed system(runner and sprue)is accmmodated in the feed plate to facilitate automatic operation,the runner should be of a trapezoidal form so that once it is pulled from the feed plate is can easily be extracted.Note that if a round runner is used,half the runner is formed in the floating cavity plate,where it would remain,and be prevented from falling or being wiped clear when the mould is opened.Now that we have considered the mould assembly in the some detail,we look at the cycle of operation for this type of mould.The impressions are filled via the feed system and after a suitable dwell period,the machine platens commence to open.A force is immediately exerted by the compression springs,which cause the floating cavity plate to move away with the moving half as previously discussed.The sprue is pulled from the sprue bush by the sprue puller.After the floating cavity plate has moved a predetermined distance,it is arrested by the stop bolts.The moving half continued to move back and the moldings,having shrunk on to the cores,are withdrawn from the cavitities.The pin gate breaks at its junction with the runner.The sprue puller,being attached to the moving half,is pulled through the floating cavity plate and thereby release the feed system which then free to fall between the floating cavity plate and the moldings are ejected.When the mould is closed,the respective plates are returned to their molding position and the cycle is repeated.4. Feed SystemIt is necessary to provide a flow-way in the injection mould to connect the nozzle(of the injection machine) to each impression. This flow-way is termed the feed system.Normally the feed system comprises a sprue,runner and gate.These terms apply equally to the flow-way itself,and to the molded material which is remove from the flow-way itself in the process of extracted molding.A typical feed system for a four-impression,two plate-type mould .It is seen that the material passes through the sprue,main runner,branch runner and gate before entering the impression. As the temperature of molten plastic is lowered which going through the sprue and runner,the viscosity will rise;however,the viscosity is lowered by shear generated when going through the gate to fill the cavity .Ti is desirable to keep the distance that the material has to travel down to a minimum to reduce pressure and heat losses.It is for the reason that careful consideration must be given to the impression layout gates design.4.1 SprueA sprue is a channel through which to transfer molten plastic injected from the nozzle of the injector into the mold.It is a part of sprue bush,which is a separate part from the mold.4.2 RunnerArunner is a channel that guides molten plastic into the cavity of a mold.4.3 GateA gate is an entrance through which molten plastic enters the cavity.The gate has the following function:restricts the flow and the direction of molten plastic;simplifies cutting of a runner and moldings to simplify finishing of parts;quickly cools and solidifies to avoid backflow after molten plastic has filled up in the cavity.4.4 Cold slug wellThe purpose of the cold slug well,shown opposite the sprue,is theoretically to receive the material that has chilled at the front of nozzle during the cooling and ejection phase.Perhaps of greater importance is the fact that it provides position means whereby the sprue bush for ejection purposes. The sprue,the runner and the gate will be discarded after a part is complete.However,the runner and the gate are important items that affect the quality or the cost of parts.5. EjectionA molding is formed in mould by injecting a plastic melt , under pressure , into an impression via a feed system . It must therefore be removed manually . Furthermore , all thermoplastic materials contract as they solidify , which means that the molding will shrink on to the core which forms it . This shrinkage makes the molding difficult to remove.Facilities are provided on the injection machine for automatic actuation of an ejector system , and this is situated behind the moving platen . Because of this . The moulds ejector system will be most effectively operated if placed in the morning half of the mould ,i.e. The half attached to the moving platen . We have stated previously that we need to eject the,molding,from the score and it therefore follows that the core ,too , will most satisfactorily be located in the moving half .The ejector system in a mould will be discussed under three headings , namely :(i) the ejector gird;(ii) the ejector plate assembly;and (iii) the method of ejection.5.1 Ejector girdThe ejector gird is that part of the mould which supports the mould plate and provides a space into which the ejector plate assembly can be fitted and operated . The gird normally consists of a back plate on to which is mounted a number of conveniently shaped “support blocks ”.The ejector plate assembly is that part of the mould to which the ejector element is attached .The assembly consists of an ejector plate , a retaining plate and an ejector rod .One end of this letter member is threaded and it is screwed into the ejector plate . In this particular design the ejector rod function not only as an actuaing member but also as a method guiding the assembly .Note that the parallel portion of the ejector rod passes through an ejector rod bush fitted in the back plate of the mould.5.2 Ejection techniquesWhen a molding cools , it contacts by an amount depending on the material being processed . For a molding which has no internal form , for example , a solid rectangular block , the molding will shrink away from the cavity walls , thereby permitting a simple ejection technique to be adopted .However , when the molding has internal form , the molding , as it cools ,will shrink onto the core and some positive type of ejection and some positive type of ejection is necessary.The designer has several ejection techniques form which to choose , but in general , the choice will be restricted depending upon the shape of the molding . The basic ejection techniques are as follows:(i)pin ejection (ii)sleeve ejection (iii)stripper plate ejection and (IV)air ejection.中文译文注塑模1. 注塑模尽管成型某些热固性材料的方法取得了一定的进步,但注塑模主要用来生产热塑性塑件。热固性塑料熔体在很短的时间内就固化和硬化,在从料斗箱模具型腔注入热固性塑料熔体的过程中,也会出现这种情况,这个问题一直非常难解决,注塑成型原理和铸造十分相似。注塑成型的工艺包括:首先把料斗中的粉状、粒状的塑料混合物依次输送发哦计量区和融化区,然后再注射到模具的型腔中,经过一段时间的冷却后,开模,退出成型塑件,注塑件分为手动,半自动及全自动操作。注塑模具有以下优点：(1)较高的成型速度使大批量生产成为可能；(2)为成型具有不同使用性能的热塑性材料提供了较宽的选择；(3)可以成型带有螺纹的塑件、侧向凹陷的塑件、带有侧孔的塑件以及较大的薄壁件。2. 注塑机熔融塑料进入模具中通常有几种方式。在大型注塑机上常带采用螺杆式的注入方式。螺杆同时具有注射和塑化的功能。树脂原料进入旋转的螺杆时,要经过图示的三个区域：喂入区,压实区和计量区。经过喂入区后，为压实树脂原料,螺杆螺旋部分的深度逐渐降低,同时传递树脂原料间因剪切作用而产生的热量,使原料呈半流动状态。在计量区,螺缸表面的加热装置对熔体进一步加热。当熔体充满螺杆前部区域时,螺杆在熔体压力的作用下后退,触动限位开关使液压缸工作,在液压力的作用下推动螺杆向前运动,将熔融塑料注射到闭合的模具型腔中。防倒流阀能够组阻止受压熔体倒流进螺杆的螺旋区。注塑机的锁模系统做提供的锁模力由尺寸决定,锁模力以吨为单位。通常靠经验来决定塑件所需要的锁模力总吨数,一般在塑件投影面积上每平方英寸需要作用两吨锁模力。如果熔体流动困难或塑件较薄,锁模力应提高到三到四吨。许多往复螺杆式注塑机能生产热固性塑料。以前,热固性塑料由挤出模具或传递模具生产。热固性塑料熔体在模具内固化或发生聚合反应,并在温度357410范围内推出。热塑性塑料熔体必须在模具内冷却成型,以保证推出时不发生变形,这种热固性循环速度很快。当然,生产热塑性塑料时,模具必须被加热,而不是冷却。3. 模具基本结构这种简单的模具结构,模具设计和开模顺序将在以下的篇幅中论述。模具由三个基本部分组成,分别是动模部分,浮动型腔板和定模板。动模部分包括模板组件、支撑块、支撑板,推出机构和顶杆推出系统。这样设计的动模部分与最基本的模具结构中的动模部分相同。浮动型腔板通过导柱固定在定模板上,设计形式可以是整体式,也可以是镶拼式。导柱必须有足够的长度,支撑浮动型腔板完成开合动作,并在模具合模时完成对型腔和型芯的找正作用。导套分别安装在动模板和浮动型腔板上。浮动型腔板的最大运动距离由限位钉或类似装置控制。在动模板的适当位置钻孔,以便安装限位钉。限位钉必须有足够的长度为定模板和浮动型腔板之间提供足够的空间,从而使浇注系统的凝料顺利脱落。如果必须使用手动方式取出凝料,开模时取出凝料所需的最小距离应为65mm。模具的开模顺序是:浮动型腔板和定模板先分开。确保模具打开时浇注系统凝料立即从浇口套脱出。为实现这样的顺序,定模板和浮动型腔板之间装有弹簧。弹簧的弹力必须足够大,确保在初始推力的作用下浮动型腔板跟随动模部分一起运动。弹簧套在导柱上,一同装在浮动型腔板上相应的弹簧座处,这种形式在弹簧装配中十分常见。浇注系统的主要部分开设在定模板上,为便于自动操作,分流道应采用梯形截面,以便于脱出浇注系统凝料。注意,如果采用圆形分流道,分流道的一半开设在浮动型腔板上,开模时,分流道可能留在浮动型腔板,将阻碍凝料的脱落或去