初中英语语法之代词.doc

代 词单数 复数1人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs3反身代词myself yourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves4、 指示代词 this、that、these、 those 在句中可以充当主语，宾语，表语和定语 其中this和that为单数，these和those为复数。指示代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。比较和用法：(1) this和these指近的事物；that和those指远的事物。(2) 介绍放在一起的两样东西时，先介绍的用this,后介绍的用that.(3) 电话用语：this指代自己，that指代对方。向对方介绍自己时用This is 询问对方是哪一位时，用whos that?(你是谁？) Is that ?(是吗？)(4) that 和those常常用来代替提到过的名词，以避免重复。The apples on the floor are bigger than those in the basket.地板上的苹果比篮子里的更大。5、 疑问代词 who（谁） whom （谁，是who的宾格）whose（谁的）Which(哪一个，既可指人，也可指物) what（什么） 6、 不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。英语中的不定代词有：some,any,no,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,many,much,few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of, a great deal, a great many等。复合不定代词：由every, some, any, no 与-one, -body, -thing构成的代词 指人 指人 指物every- everyone everybody everythingsome- someone somebody somethingany- anyone anybody anythingno- no one nobody nothing（其中-one和-body构成的不定代词可以互换使用，只是前者较文雅）不定代词的用法和比较：（1） Much、some和any：1.some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any-类不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。2. some用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定得答复或建议、请求等。Would you like some bananas?3.any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.（2） no one和none：no one指代人，只能为可数，回答whonone 可指代人或物，可数、不可数皆可，回答how many/much, none 可与of结构连用。None of them knows the answer to the question.没有一个人知道那个问题的答案。（3） every和eachevery 用于三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重每一个。另外，each和every均常修饰单数可数名词。Every student wants to see that film.所有的学生都想去看那场电影。Each child gets one apple.每个孩子都得到了一个苹果。（4） both, either和neitherboth两者都 谓语动词用复数either两者中的任何一个 谓语动词用单数neither两者都不 谓语动词用单数Both of my parents know English./both A and B areEither of my parents knows English.Neither of my parents knows English.either用作副词，用于否定句中作“也”解释，通常置于末尾。相当于肯定句中的too,用在句末时，either前要加逗号(5)one, another ，the other，other1. one 常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如： I havent got a ball pen. Ill have to buy one. (= a ball pen)我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。2. the other, another 都可解释为 “另一个”。other 加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个（注意，不一定是两个，可能是两堆，其中一堆，另外一堆。总之是两者），another 指三者以上中的另一个。例如： He has two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.（只有两个）He has three brothers. One is a doctor, another is a teacher, and the third is a writer.（两个以上，有第三者的）3.other-其后要加名词复数， 表示另外的，其他的，例如： Did you see any other old friends?你还看见其他的老朋友吗？4.others-别人，别的东西，后面不加宾语了（就是后面不加名词），常用someothers一些另一些 Some went shopping,others went swimming. (5) little, a little 和few, a few1. little 与 a little 两者都用来修饰不可数名词little 作 “很少”，“几乎没有” 解，有否定的意思，a little 作 “少许”、“有一点” 解，有肯定的意思 2. few, a few 用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。 3.常用词组有 quite a few (好几个)，only a few (只有一个)，a very few (极少数)。例如： He studied English for quite a few years. 他学汉语已有好几年了。 【经典题例】1. Whose notebook is it? It belongs to Lily. Didnt you see name on it? A. she B. her C. hers【解析】选B。其后是名词name, 那么此处应用形容词性物主代词。2. What is a cool job? I would say “a good job”is you would do even if you didnt get paid forit. A. one B. which C. why D. that【解析】句意为: 我说“一份好工作”是即使得不到报酬也愿意做的工作。此处缺少代词, 代替“工作”, 故选A。one 可代替前面提到的人或物。3. I asked her for ink, but she didnt have . A. any; some B. any; anyC. some; any D. some; some【解析】选C。这是一个并列句, 前一句表示肯定, 后一句表示否定。【实战演练】1. Ive got many books on Chinese food. You can borrow if you like. A. either B. one C. it D. every2. My aunt has two children. But of them lives with her. A. each B. neitherC. either D. both3. Sonia, is this your dictionary? Oh, no, its not . Ask Li Lei, he is looking for . A. me; hers B. mine; himC. my; her D. mine; his4. are you going to the concert with this weekend? My cousin. Im sure we will enjoy .A. Whom; ourselves B. Who; usC. Whom; myself D. Who; herself5. The number of students in my class is the same as in . A. shes B. she C. her D. hers6. Who is singing in the classroom? must be Susan. A. She B. It C. This D. He7. We need some more coffee. There is only left. A. little B. a littleC. few D. a few8. I have to do. Please give me to read. A. something; anythingB. nothing; somethingC. nothing; everythingD. anything; nothing9. This exercise is difficult .A. so; that few of us can doB. so; that few of us can do itC. too; for anyone of us to doD. too; for anyone of us to do it10. Some of the stickers belong to me, while the rest are . A. him and her B. his and herC. his and hers D. him and hers答案：1. 选B。one 和it 都可以用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。one 代替上文中所提到的人或物中的某一个, 而it 代替上文中所提到的那个人或物。根据句意,“如果你喜欢我的这些书, 你可以借一本”。2. 选B。不定代词each / either / neither / both都可以用于“两者”, neither 和both 互为反义, both意为“两者都”, 而neither 意为“两者都不”, neither作主语时, 后跟单数, 而both 后跟复数; either 意为“两者中的任何一个”。根据句意“我姑妈有两个孩子, 但是两个都不和她住一起”, 故本题应选B。3. 选D。本题考查物主代词和人称代词的用法。人称代词指代某人, 而物主代词指代某物。根据上下文“这本词典不是我的(词典), 问李磊, 他在找他的(词典)”。两个空格处都应为名词性物主代词。指“某人的词典”。故选D。4. 选A。who 和whom 都可以指代人, 意为“谁”, 但who 为主格代词, 而whom 为宾格代词。答句中考查短语enjoy oneself( 玩得高兴) 。oneself 与句子的主语相一致,故A为正确答案。5. 选D。本题考查比较结构中代词的用法。比较结构中强调“同类”相比较。就本题而言, “我班的学生人数应该与她班的学生人数相同”。Hers = The number of students in her class.。6.选B。it 常用来指代无生命的物, 指代上文中提到的不明身份的人或不分性别的孩子时, 也常用代词it。7. 选B。few / a few修饰或代替复数可数名词,而little / a little 修饰或代替不可数名词; a few / a little 含肯定意思, 意为“有点, 有些”; 而few / little含否定意思, 意为“少, 很少, 几乎没有”。上文提到的coffee是不可数名词。所以正确答案是B。8. 选B。some / something / somebody / someone等不定代词用与肯定句或表示请求或建议的疑问句中; any / anything / anyone / anybody 等不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。nobody / nothing / none 含否定意义。