上外翻译I笔记(第六讲、第七讲).doc

第六讲 英汉对比之思维与文化l 汉语直观性强百褶裙 pleated skirt露背装 halter top回形针 paper clipl 汉语爱以具体比喻抽象蚕食 nibbleOur army won a smooth and overwhelming victory.我军势如破竹，打得敌军落花流水Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.智者未雨绸缪，愚者临渴掘井l 中国人重整体，西方人重个体l 汉语无主句、省略句居多l 本体型思维和客体型思维The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声都没有l 顺向思维与逆向思维after you, sir 先生，您先请But we are getting ahead of the story.但是我们正在讲后面的故事All the date mentioned in the paper have been moved back in time. 论文中提到的日期都提前了l 语言观东方人言简意赅，西方人口若悬河东方人喜欢和谐，西方人喜欢争论l 文化：Culture is whatever people do monkeys dont.二、文化差异as wise as an owl 猫头鹰dragon 龙三、联想异同同：as white as snow异：体壮如牛 as strong as a horse如鱼得水 like a duck to water多如牛毛 as plentiful as blackberries水中捞月 to fish in the air害群之马 black sheep挥金如土 spend money like water画蛇添足 gild the lily四、制度信仰世界观的差异intellectual vs. 知识分子（没有实践经验的）individualism vs. 个人主义（英雄主义）green：inexperienced; envy; environmentally friendly; money隐情，形容穷，不辞而别，形容喉咙疼She felt that she must not yield, she mush go on living her straitened, humdrum life. This was her punishment for having made a mistake. She had made her bed, and she must lie on it. 一、调整句子长度二、调整句子结构 第七讲 选义与选词I worked hard for nothing.work：工作、志愿工作、付出、解大便Tom passed.pass：死了、考试过了、没有叫牌、传球我需要一根粗绳子a fat woman, a fat income, big fat apple, fat lands l 选义一：词性Like attracts like 物以类聚Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子 虎父无犬子 上梁不正下梁歪I like jazzl 选义二：搭配man and animalman and womanofficers and men 官兵the boss and his men 老板和下属man and wife 丈夫和妻子run a car run a factory run short 用完run messages 送信 run the street 流浪街头 Evil news runs fast. 恶事传千里The play runs 4 weeks. 这出戏连演四周 run across a friend 遇到一位朋友run for presidency 竞选总统run into debts 欠债 run to the extremerun the risk of 冒的风险run a thread through a needles eye 穿针引线 the street runs northimmediate reply 立刻答复immediate boss 顶头上司immediate neighbor 近邻immediate family 核心家庭 nuclear family immediate interests 直接利益本义：中间没有隔层this is a challenge to the lawthis poses a challenge to logic 这简直荒谬绝伦a challenge to the governments authority 公然对抗政府权威a challenge to a theory 对一项理论的质疑I challenge my own conclusion 我重新考虑我的结论can you produce any proof to challenge the fact 你能拿出证据来否认这一事实吗the local press challenged the license of the driver 当地报纸要求吊销那个司机的驾驶执照l 选义三：语境Words dont have meanings; people have meanings for words. 词本无义，义随人意No context, no text. 无语境，不成篇if：如果？是否？John娶了marry吗？打败？击打？ l 选义四：文化背景John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.John为人可靠。他不吃鱼，还玩游戏John为人可靠。他既忠诚又正直l 选词一：搭配a love letter a suicide letter 情书，绝命书a “Dear John” letter a thank-you letter a get-well letter绝交信 感谢信 慰问信a letter of condolence a business letter唁函 公函In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.每到中国一个城市，我们都逛大街，逛商店，逛公园，上剧场，下饭馆l 选词二：色彩a committed teacher 兢兢业业，敬业a committed terrorist 死心塌地The great scientist made a persistent effort to search for the truth. 执着的，不懈的John was annoyed by the persistent ringing of the phone. 没完没了We know what you have done 你的那些勾当，我们一清二楚 您所做的一切，我们都铭记在心Mike is always trying his best to flatter his boss. 讨好；拍马屁You are flattering me. 过奖I am flatter