unit 3 inventors and inventions高二下英语全单元学案新课标人教版高中英语模块8选修八学案导学案新课标人教版高中英语模块8选修八学案导学案.doc

高中英语学案Book 8Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsThe First Period Warming up & Skimming. Warming upTask 1 Look at the pictures below and discuss in pairs which pictures show inventions and which show discoveries. An amphibious car Stephensons “Rocket” DNA_ _ _ Task 2 Work out the rules that will help you decide what a discovery is and what an invention is?A discovery is _.An invention is _.Task 3 Have a look at the following modern inventions and try to explain how they changed peoples lives.DiscoveriesInventions1. _ 1. Systems of delivering electrical light and heating to homes and offices2. Household machines for washing, ironing, keeping food cold, etc3. Computers, telephones, television, etc2. _1. Airplane jet engines2. Air balloons, etc3. _Machines to help people with serious disease (like kidney failure)4. _1. Body scanners to see whether you are ill2. Machines to tread illnesses (like cancer). SkimmingTask 1 Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Inventing is a scientific activity and so follows similar stages to those used in research. Work out a suitable order.1. Applying for a patent ( )2. Finding a problem ( ) 3. Doing research ( ) 4. Testing the solution ( ) 5. Thinking of a creative solution ( ) 6. Deciding on the invention ( )Task 2 Skim the whole passage and get the main idea.The text narrates _ and presents _and applying for _.Task 3 Divide the passage into several parts and find out the main idea for each paragraph.Part 1(para.1): _Part 2(para.2-3): _Part 3(para.4-6): _Part 4(para.7-8): _ Task4 SummaryWhat have you learnt in this period?1. I have learnt the following new words:_2. I have learnt these useful expressions:_3. I have learnt to talk about:_Task5 HomeworkFind out beautiful sentences and phrases you like most in the text.1. _2. _3. _Teaching/Learning reflection:_The Second Period Reading & Language Points. Share the sentences you like most with your partners. ReadingTask 1 Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.Finding a problemSnakes came near my mothers house now and then and she wanted me to get rid of them without _ them.Doing researchI set out to research the _ of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.Thinking of a creative solutionThree possible approaches:1) removing the snakes_2) attracting the snakes into a _ using male or female perfume or food3) _ the snakes so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caughtI decided to use the _ approach. Testing the solutionThree attempts: 1) putting the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat early in the morning2) putting the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat _3) putting the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat in the evening and carrying a small _ to collect them the next morningThe third attempt was a success.Applying for a_1) The patent office makes a search to check that your product really is _ from everyone elses.2) Patent examiners examine whether your claim is _ or not.3) Your application for a patent will be published _ months from the date you apply if your claim passes all the tests.Task 2 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1. How did the writer catch the snakes? ( ) A. using something the snakes were interested to attract them into a trap. B. taking their habitat to another place. C. placing the snakes at a low temperature for them to sleep and then caught them. D. All the above.2. The writer was successful to catch the snakes in _ attempt. A. the first B. the second C. the third D. every3. The following are used in the three attempts EXCEPT _. A. perfume B. a bowl C. jelly D. ice-cubes4. Why did cooling the snakes make them less active? ( ) A. Because snakes are warm-blooded animals.B. Because snakes like high temperature.C. Because snakes are reptiles and their body temperature depends on the heat around them. D. None of the above.5. Which of the following may get a patent according to the text? ( )A. A computer programme.B. A new animal variety.C. A work of literature.D. A truly novel and useful invention.6. The purpose in writing this text is _.A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill themB. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writers new ideaC. to introduce the writers new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patentD. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent7. The biggest advantage of the writers new idea is that _A. it makes the snakes move slowlyB. it makes the snakes hardly bite usC. it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselvesD. it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them8. Which statement is true according to the text? ( ) A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldnt bite the writer at all.B. Your product must be different from everybody elses if you want to receive a patent.C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately.Task 3Read and answer the questions.1. What was the mother upset about?2. Why was the writer happy to help her mother?3. Why did cooling make the snakes less active?Task 4 Summary Fill in the blanks according to the text. 1_the writer called up her mother in the country on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes seemed 2_ (make) their home near their house. The writer felt proud and considered 3_a chance for her to distinguish 4_by inventing something 5_would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 6_ (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be 7_ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. As a result, she had to attempt a 8_time, which helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was 9_delighted that she was determined to send her 10_ (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea. Homework1. Review and retell the text.2. Discuss with your partner what the advantages might be of getting a patent. Language pointsTask 1 Let us learn some useful expressions!1. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现自己,我要发明某种东西,既可以把蛇捉住,而又不会伤害它们。【词语归纳】distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish sb. in a crowd 在人群中认出某人distinguish oneself by scholarship 学问超群distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同;使自己出名distinguish.from.= tell.from. 辨别,识别;把和区别开 be distinguished for 以而著名 【即学即练】将下列句子译成英语。(1)不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。_ (2)这人凭着智慧使自己扬名。_ (3)明辨是非当然要紧。_2. I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.于是我就着手研究蛇的习性,以便能用最简易方法来捕蛇。 【词语归纳】set about(doing)sth. 开始做某事set out to do sth. 开始做某事set out 出发,启程set off 出发,动身,使爆炸set aside 留出,对不予以考虑set down 记下,写下set up 设置,造成,产生【即学即练】选用上述短语完成句子。(1)We _ discussing when and how we should finish the task.(2)The sooner we _ it, the sooner well finish it.(3)As a traditional way to celebrate the new year, _ firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.(4)He is used to _ his important thoughts in his diary.3. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.它们突然一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里去了。阅读下列句子，学习convenient, convenience的用法。(1)Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow？(adj.方便的)(2)I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. (n.方便)(3)For your convenience, the bank is open until 7 p.m. (n.方便)【短语归纳】for(ones)convenience 为了(某人的)方便at ones convenience 在某人方便时it is convenient for sb. 方便某人it is convenient to do sth. 方便做某事4. Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.偶尔离开平路，深入到林子里去。 阅读下列句子,学习dive/dive into的用法。(1)He dived into the history of China. (潜心研究)(2)He dived into his pockets and fished out(掏出)one dollar. (迅速把手伸进)(3)The boy dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. (跳入)【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。(1)She _to save the boy. (跳入水中)(2)They _. (潜心钻研癌症的治疗办法)(3)When the rain started, we_. (立即跑进了一家小餐馆)5. I cant get through.我接不通电话。阅读下列句子，学习get through的不同的含义。(1) The passage is too narrow for cars to get through.（穿过；通过）(2)Our message doesnt seem to have got through; Weve had no reply though it was sent several days ago.（到达目的地）(3)Ive pile of papers to get through before the meeting.（读完；理解；消化）(4)I rang you several times but wasnt able to get through. (接通电话)(5)I got through the novel in one evening.（看完；完成）(6)He has got through all the money I lent him. (用完，花光)(7)We wish to get through the business quickly. (办完，做完)【词语归纳】get a prize获奖 get a telegram收到电报 get a bad cold患重感冒 get rid of摆脱,除去 get together收集,聚集 get angry生气 get caught in the rain遇雨 get away from(使)摆脱,对置之不理get down to doing sth.着手办理(某事)【即学即练】选用上述词组完成句子。(1)Could you _ the bad habit of smoking?(2)He has _ the rain and is wet through.(3)He didnt come because he couldnt _ his work.(4)Its time I _ doing some serious work.Task 2 Go through the text again, find out the difficult sentences and discuss with your partner. If necessary, turn to the teacher for help.Task 3 当堂检测1.过街道时你要更加小心。You must be careful_ the street.2.问到她的私人问题时，她不回答。_ 3.如有必要,你可以参看笔记。 _4.我做梦也没想到这些人生活在如此差的环境中。 _ in my wildest dreams _ I imagine these people are living in such poor conditions.5.他也不知道句子的意思。_Task4 SummaryWhat have you learnt in this period?1. I have learnt the following new words:_2. I have learnt these useful expressions:_3. From the text, I have learnt:_. Homework用本单元所学词组、句型翻译下列短文我和同学不时去爬白云山。昨天我们又去那里了。一大早，我就开始给同学打电话以防他们迟到。七点整我们出发。 但没多久就开始下起小雨,我们都没带雨伞。所以我们迅速走进路边的一家商店买雨伞。我很喜欢一把绿色雨伞，可是，我忘记带钱包。我只好与朋友共用一把雨伞，继续向白云山前进。我们到达山脚时，雨还在下个不停。所以我们是在雨停了之后才开始爬山的。从山顶上望下去，广州看起来更美丽。在山顶，我们玩得很开心。我们正要下山时，我的手机响了，是我妈妈。不幸的是,当我准备接听电话时,发现电话有问题,我只好借用同学的手机告诉她回家后我再给她回电话,然后就挂了电话。这一天虽然发生了一些小意外,但我仍然感到很兴奋和开心。_Teaching/Learning reflection:_The Third Period Grammar过去分词作定语、表语、宾补. Lead in1、过去分词作定语1）一般来说，单个的过去分词作定语时放在被修饰的词之前，过去分词短语作定语时放在被修饰的词之后。如：The old man is an honoured guest. 这位老人是一位贵宾。 Most of the people invited to the conference were my old friends.大多数被邀请参加会议的人都是我的老朋友。2）如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those或是由some / any / no / every + thing / body / one所构成的不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰的词之后。如：There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.自从我两年前离开以来，这个镇几乎没有什么变化。3）一般来说，A)及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；B)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成，不表示被动意义。如：a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥 polluted air and water 被污染的空气和水fallen leaves 落叶 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师2、过去分词作表语1）表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前可有quite, very, rather等修饰词。如:When he came to the door of his house, he found the door was locked.当他到达家门口的时候，他发现门是锁着的。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。2） 过去分词作表语时，系动词除了是be之外，还可以是appear, feel, remain, seem, look, sound, get, become等。如：He appeared very satisfied with the result of the exam. 他好像对这次考试结果很满意。The children looked very puzzled when they heard what the teacher said just now.孩子们听了老师刚才讲的话看起来很困惑。3) 作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词, 少数不及物动词(如go, come等)的过去分词作表语时, 不表示被动意义, 只表示动作的完成。如: They are gone for vacation. 他们度假去了。3、过去分词作宾语补足语1）所表示的动作和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：You should raise your voice to make yourself heard. 你应该大声点, 以便让别人听见。2）跟过去分词作宾语补足语的词可以是表示感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)，如: see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, think, consider等。如：When he returned, he found his room thoroughly cleaned. 他回来的时候, 发现自己的房间已被彻底打扫了。3）跟过去分词作宾语补足语的词可以是表示“致使”意义的动词，如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。如：He couldnt keep his eyes shut to all this. 他不能对这一切视而不见。4) 跟过去分词作宾语补足语的词可以是表示“爱憎”、“要求”、“意愿”等意义的动词，如：like, hate, order, want, wish, expect等。如：I wish my homework finished before five oclock.我希望五点前完成我的作业。5) 除了动词外，介词with也可跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如：The great writer died with his works unfinished. 这位伟大的作家去世时，他的著作还没有完成。.Summary一、 动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条); 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1.The tall man is a returned student高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。(一) 前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (=time which is lost)(二) 后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 1. Everything used should be marked 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the invited were some ladies 被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的书是给我的学生的。动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people)3. We drank some boiled water(=which had boiled )and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。当堂检测一：1. Most of the artists_ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2. The first text books_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written3. The Olympic games,_ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4. Prices of daily foods_ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying5. Mr. Smith, _ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了