选修8第4单元知识点.doc

Book8 Unit 4一重点单词讲解1. hesitate (1) she hesitated before picking up the phone.她在拿起电话前犹豫了一下。(2) Dont hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.如果你有什么要求请告诉我，不要犹豫。(3) She hesitated over/about the choice between the two dresses.她犹豫不决，不知道该选两件裙子中的那件。总结hesitate vi 迟疑，踌躇，犹豫，感到迷惑 词组搭配 _迟疑于做。,做某事犹豫不决hesitate over/about sth/ doing sth 关于做。犹豫不决_毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing 毫不犹豫地做某事ex.1) （毫不犹豫地接受） 2)她犹豫了一下才回答。She_ 3If you have any questions,_(尽管问我)2.classify（1）would you classify her novels as serious literature or other?你认为他的小说属于严肃文学还是其他？(2) The books in the library are classified by /according to subject .（4） patients are classified into three categories.病人被分为三大类。 classify vt,分类，归类，划分，把。分等级，根据事物类型，质量或是否相似进行分类词组搭配Classify sth as 把。归类为，把什么界定为。Classify sth by /according to 根据。为某物分类Classify sth in/into .把某物分成Classified adj 分类的，分等级的 Ex. 我应该考虑怎么把电脑的信息分类 I _根据内容着本书被分为若干部分。 3.remark (1) They made rude remarks on/upon her appearance.他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。（2） The editor remarked that article was well written.编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。(3) A lot of customers remarked on the quality of our products.许多顾客对我们的产品质量发表了评论。总结：remark n& vt/.vi 评论，谈论,言论n. _就。发表意见，对。评头论足Make no remark 不加评论.Vi_谈论、议论、评论。remarkable adj 非凡的，卓著的 be remarkable for ex. 1)人们对他的表现评论不一。People _his performance.2）他们之间很相似，这是常有人提到的事。The similarity between them _3) 关于这里的事物吉姆做了许多无礼的要求。_4. betray (1) He betrayed the news to all his friends.他把那个秘密透露给了他所有的朋友。(2) His best friend betrayed him ,which made him angry.他最好的朋友背叛了他,这使他很愤怒。 (3) His face betrayed that he was very scared.他的脸色显露他很害怕。总结: betray vt 无意中泄露（机密），流露感情，_出卖，背叛（原则或信仰），_显露，显示词组搭配：_出卖。给。 Betray oneself 无意中露出本性Ex. (1)That was not the first time he _us.I think its high time we_strong action against him.A betrayed ,take B had betrayed ,took C has betrayed ,took D has betrayed ,take（2）他的眼睛背叛了他的心。_(3).他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。_ (4) 许多人在面对钱的时候就会露出本来面目。_5 condemn (1) Most people condemn any sort of violence.大部分人谴责任何方式的暴力行为。（2） The court condemned her to spend 30years in prison.=the court condemned her to 3years in prison.法庭宣判她30年监禁。(3) His bad leg condemned him to a wheelchair（=forced him to remain in a wheelchair）.他的残腿使他坐上了轮椅。(2) His illness condemned him to be in bed all the time.他的病使他注定一直呆在床上。:Condemn vt 指责，谴责(指引道义而受到指责，程度严重)，_ 宣判，判处 Condemn sb to sth /to do sth判处某人某种刑罚_被判处死刑使某人注定，使某人接受不好的事_练习(1) 这个年轻人因为他所作的事被判死刑。 That young man_（2）因为他的过失父母亲责备他。_(3) 他注定要过孤寂的生活。He _a life of loneliness6 acquaintance(1) Mr smith is an acquaintance of mine. 我与史密斯相识。(2) I have some acquaintance with the language.我懂得这门语言。(3) I made his acquaintance long ago .我很久以前就认识他了。总结: acquaintance n C 相识，熟人， 【U】 认识，相识，了解Make ones acquaintance=_结识某人Have little /some acquaintance with sb/sth 对。不太或有些了解扩展acquaint sb with “使。知道，告知，使。熟悉”Ex. 1)He acquainted_.他告诉了我计划变更一事。2) 我很高兴认识你。_3)他在生意上有很多熟人。_7 superior (1) T he carpet is far superior to that one in quality.这块地毯的质量比那块好得多。(2) Ill report you to your superior officer.我要向你的上级告发你。(3) I hate his superior manners.我厌恶他那高傲的态度。总结superior adj, 优秀的，较高的，占优势的，_(级别，地位，重要性上)更高的，_高傲的, 有优越感的 _n 上司，上级注意superior没有比较级和最高级形式，类似的形容词还有excellent, extreme, perfect .词组 搭配 Be superior to (in sth)（在。方面）比。优秀，高明，比。更优越，超过。注意用to 不用than 表示“比”的短语：_ 比某人地位低，年纪小_ 比某人地位高，比某人年长Be superior to sb/sth比某人好或级别高 Be inferior to sb/sth比某人差或级别低练习：(1)约翰逊的数学比王先生好。Johnson _ mathematics（2） 尽管杰克比我小三岁，但是他的职位比我高.Though Jack is _ by three years, he is _8 mistaken adj 错误的(1) you are mistaken in thinking that they will help you .你要是以为他们会帮你，你就错了。(2) you are mistaken about him .He is honest.你误会他了，他很诚实的。词组搭配 be mistaken in doing sth （某种行为或想法）是错误的_误会某人扩展mistake vt 弄错，误会，误解，n 错误_词组_把。误认为。 Eg_.我们常常误认为他是他哥哥。二 重点短语1 in terms of 就。来说，从。角度，根据 Ex. 1) 就面积和人口而言，它都是一个小国。_ 2）他每件事都从钱的角度考虑。_扩展come to terms with sb 与某人达成协议，妥协Be on good /bad terms with 与某人关系好（坏）On equal terms with sb与某人平等相处，地位相等In the long /short term长期（短期）练习 我和玛丽关系好，她是我的好朋友。Im _Mary and she is my good friend.(on good terms with)2 generally speaking ，=in general，on the whole总的来说,一般来说Eg Generally speaking ,we felt the plan is practical.总的来说,我们认为这个计划是切实可行的。类似的表达有 _坦率地说，_严格地说_简单地说_老实说_确切地说,扩展用现在分词表示评价性状语的有judging from根据。判断 ,talking of,谈到。considering考虑到, seeing that .鉴于，supposing 假设。用过去分词做评价性状语的有given 鉴于既可以用现在分词也可以用过去分词表示的有provided /providing that只要。用不定式表示的有 to begin with 首先,to tell(you)the truth说实话,to be honest 老实说,to be frank坦率地说 ,to be sure肯定地说,to make matters worse更糟糕的是3.pass off as 把。冒充为。Eg she passes herself as an American. 她 冒充是美国人。练习：她冒充一位有经验的女演员。 She _an experienced actress.4.be of +抽象名词=be +adj抽象名词有use,help,importance,value,benefit,这类名词可以被no,some,little,much,great 修饰，Eg The map is of great value to visitors.=The map is_ visitors.地图对游客很有价值。The meeting_ =the meeting is very important.这个会议很重要The dictionary is_.=the dictionary is very helpful to students.字典对学生几乎没有帮助。His advice is of some benefit to us.=his advice is beneficial to us.他的建议对我们有一些益处。三 sentence explanation1. what if I was?如果我是又怎么样呢？此句为省略了某些成分的主从复合句，what 为主句，其后省略了will happen 或 will you do 等，if I was 为条件状语从句，其后承前 省略了born in lesson Grove.What if .?”意为“倘使。将会怎么样？即使。又怎么样？”相当于“what would happen if.?What (can I do)if he doesnt agree? 如果他不同意该怎么办呢？What (shall we do )if the rumor is true? 如果传言是真的我们该如何呢？练习：即使我失败了又怎么样？_火车要是晚点会怎么样？_2.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.但每次一张嘴说话，他们就原形毕露。Every time 在句中引导时间状语从句，相当于一个从属连词，这类词还有each time （每次），next time (下次)，any time (随时)，the last time(上次)，the first time (第一次),the instant,the moment (一。就)等。Eg Each time I meet an Englishman,he starts off the conversation with some comment on the weather. 每次我遇到英国人 时，他的谈话总是以议论天气开始。Ex. 1)_,please close the door. 下一次你进来时，请关上门。 2)每次我让你做点事，你都说你太忙。