阅读理解之词义猜测.ppt

阅读理解 Guessingmeanings 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能 因此 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型 这类题包括猜测单词 短语 句子的意思和判断指代内容 高考考点分布 如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有 1 Theunderlinedword phrase inthepassagemeans 2 Theword it them inthefirstparagraphrefersto 3 Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans 4 Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph 分析题干能力 unconditional 无条件的 绝对的adj condition conditional 情况 条件n 有条件的adj unconditional Group1 nonjudgmental 没有判断力的 judge judgment judgmental 判断v 判断n adj nonjudgmental 归纳1 根据构词法 合成 派生 转化 进行判断英语中 有很多词可以在前面加前缀 后面加后缀 从而构成一个词 乍看起来 这个词可能是生词 但掌握了一定的构词法知识 就不难猜出它的词义 supermanmicrowave 超人 nonnaturalmispronounce 非自然的 homelessnonsmoker 无家可归的 rebuildeastwards 重建 Canyouguesstherightmeanings 微波 非烟民 发错音 向东 Group2 1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 2 Thepurposeofthecampaignwastocatch ringers studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents 脆的 冒名替考者 3 Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman Anthropologymeans 4 Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope aninstrumentforlisteningtopatients heartbeatandbreathing 人类学 听诊器 规则2 根据上下文解释做出判断 1 根据文中的定义 解释猜生词 2 根据同位或解释关系 3 根据并列同类关系 猜词能力 逻辑词 be becalled means bedefinedas thatis tosay namely inotherwords ect 通过生词后的定语 定语从句或分词短语等 表语 同位语 逗号 括号 破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思 and or notonly butalso等并列的几个事物应属同类事物 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思 1 广东2014D However oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage Ascientistwithmanyyears experience hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto A fittingroomsB tradingfairsC businesstalksD groupmeetings 2 广东2008A Parentsandkidstodaydressalike listentothesamemusic andarefriends Isthisagoodthing Sometimes whenMr Ballmerandhis16 year olddaughter Elizabeth listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy suchaspopculture heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom Hey thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat Howdoyoulikeit saysBallmer Therewasjustacompletegapintaste Musicwasnottheonlygulf Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits TheunderlinedwordgulfinPara 3mostprobablymeans A interestB distanceC differenceD separation 3 广东07A However menquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun Theymarkedthehoursoncandles usedsandinhour glasses andinventedwater clocks Indeed anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast Theunderlinedphrasestatelyhomesinparagraph4meansA state ownedhousesB housesinverygoodconditionC grandhousesopentothepublicD houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly 4 However some165millionchildrensufferfromlong termundernutrition leadingto3 1millionchilddeathseveryyear Italsoleavesmanyofthosechildrenthatdosurvivepermanentlyimpairedandunabletoreachtheirfullpotential Whatdoestheunderlinedword impaired inParagraph2mean Acared B needed C harmed D supported Group3 1 UnliketheUnitedStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation Japan spopulationisquitehomogeneous 2 AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmanIknow Hisbrother incontrast isquitehumbleandmodest 单一民族的 目空一切 傲慢的 3 Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool thenoondaysunwastropical 4 Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated 热的 恶化 规则4 根据转折或对比关系进行判断 猜词能力 逻辑词 but though although however yet otherwise or while unlike ontheonehand ontheotherhand foronething foranotherthing insteadof ratherthan等 1 广东2010B Itisprobablynotyourfault butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation youarealoser Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation However youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation Thisisthewinner skeytosuccess TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto AavoidB acceptC improveDconsider 2 广东2009B Westudiedtheboardcritically SomeofUSlookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstothefightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought Wehadplansforthatten dollargrandprize eachandeveryoneofUS I mgoingtospendmineoncandies onehopefulwouldannounce whileanotherpracticedlookingserious wiseandrich Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans A formedanideaforB madeanoutlineforC madesomespaceforD chosesomecolorsfor 3 InKennon sopinion however thecatwasahopelesscase Manydoctorswouldhaveputdownsuchabadlyhurtanimal Butshecouldn tbesocruel Thekitten sbrighteyesandsadfacehadwonherover Therewasnowayoffindinghisowner soKennon asinglewomanaged56 decidedtokeephim Theunderlinedphrase putdown inParagraph2mostprobablymeans hurtB killedC refusedD replaced Group41 Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile becauseshewasusingthewrongkey 2 Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater 3Theriveridsoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 徒劳的 无效的 凋谢 枯萎 浑浊不清的 规则4 根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果 根据结果也可以找出原因 猜词能力 逻辑词 because since as for dueto so therefore so that such that thus sothat 1 EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt Wedoitwiththebestofintentions Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild Theunderlinedexpression makeabig todo over paragraph4 means A showmuchconcernaboutB haveaspecialeffectonC listjobstobedoneforD dogoodthingsfor 2 WhenLinwaslittle heloveddisassemblingthingstolookathowtheywork Eventhoughheoftenfailedatputtingthembacktogether hiscuriositywasneversatisfiedandhelaidhandsoneverything exceptcomputers Myparentstoldmenottodisassemblecomputersbecausethey reexpensive soIresearchedthesoftwareinstead saysLin Whenhewenttouniversity Linchoseasubjectthatwasrelatedtoengineeringandprogramming Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword disassemble A lookthroughB searchintoC takeapartD focuson Group5Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 装置 规则5 example举例法 逻辑词 such suchas like forexample forinstance especially include consistof 1 Anothermasterofpaper foldingisJenStark Herartworkisoftenintheformofcolorfulcavesandtopographic 地形的 maps Usinghervividimaginationandaspecialknife sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes Herworkdrawsinspirationfromnature Whatdoestheunderlinedword humble inthelastparagraphprobablymean commonandpopularB simpleandcheapC uselessandpricelessD numbandmeaningless 2 IdiedeighttimesduringmycomaandIcouldn ttalkorcommunicatewhenIwokeup Walkingwasnevergoingtohappenagainduetoalltheextremeinjuries Justlikemybody mydreamswerealmostshattered ButIwasnotgoingtoletmyinjuriespreventmefromlivingmydreams Whatdoestheunderlinedword shattered inParagraph3mean begunB destroyedC sharedD taken 根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求 建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练 1 猜测熟词新