大工11秋《大学英语2(远程英语2)》辅导资料四.doc

大连理工大学网络教育学院大学英语2（远程英语2）辅导资料四主 题：Unit 2 Whats the Success?学习时间：2011年10月24日10月30日内 容：我们这周主要学习Unit 2中语法能力和写作能力的相关内容。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对相关知识点的理解。一、学习要求1了解倒装句的用法和功能；2学习开首段的方法。二、主要内容1倒装句的用法和功能 完全倒装完全倒装即将整个谓语部分全部放在主语之前，主要应用于以下几种情况： 用于there be句中或there +其它表示类似“存在”的动词（如seem，happen，exist，lie，appear，live，rise等）结构中。例如：There are now more than 5,000 kinds of alloy available for engineering.There lied a military factory in the valley.There stands a large hydroelectric station on the river.On the second floor, there lived an old lady who was a famous artist.There seems (to be) no reason in refusing the plan.There happened serious drought that year. 用于以某些副词开头的句子，如here，now，then，up，down；或由副词there，then，now等引导，谓语动词为come或go的句子。例如：Up went the rocket carrying the satellite on its top.Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.Thus began the plunder of the countrys wealth.Soon came a new development that had far-reaching effects.Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.Here is your change, 76 cents. 用于形容词位于句首的句子。例如：Happy are the old people nowadays.Present at the conference were distinguished guests from various countries.Very important in the farmers life is the weather report.l 在此句型中，形容词在句子中作be动词的表语。一般副词、分词或介词短语被强调时，句子也可以完全倒装。例如：Hidden underground is a great deal of gold.Lying on the grass was a wounded soldier.Southeast of the lake was a forest. 用于so，neither，nor位于句首加强语气的句子。例如：Production is going up steadily, so is the peoples standard living.He didnt say anything. Nor/Neither did his mother.Tom works very hard at his lesson, so do his classmates.l 由so，neither，nor引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用另一人或物时，语序完全倒装。如果后一句仅仅重复前面一句话的意思，尽管是以so开头，语序也不倒装。例如：Water can conduct electricity, so it can.“It is warm today”“So it is!” 用于so/such.that结构中的so, such 位于句首加强语气的句子。例如：So proud is the young man that he is reluctant to accept others opinion.Such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her. 用于介词短语位于句首的句子，尤其是表示地点的介词短语。例如：Among the children was their teacher who was loved by her pupils.Behind the great rubber industry of today lies a story of one mans search and of his discovery by “accident”. 部分倒装部分倒装即将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或系动置于主语之前，主要应用于以下几种情况： 用于否定副词、短语或否定状语从句位于句首的句子。此类否定副词（短语）有neither, nor, never, hardly, scarce1y, seldom，little, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances，on no account，not only，not until，in vain等。例如：Under no circumstances can customers money be refunded.Never before has our country been united as it is today.Not until quite recently did J know what clone was.In no way can theory be separated from practice.In vain did we try to persuade her to give up her plan.By no means was he able to handle the tough problem. 用于no soonerthan, scarcely when, hardlywhen, not onlybut also, neither. . . nor等关联词位于句首的句子。例如：No sooner was he back home, than it began to rain.Scarcely had they started lunch when the doorbell rang.Hardly had I solved the problem when a new one arose.Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to practice, losing our lives.Neither could theory do without, nor could practice do without theory. 用于only+介词短语或状语从句位于句首的句子。例如：Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.Only in this way can we achieve our goal.Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a reasonable standard of living. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句，如果省略if，就应将were，should和had置于从句的主语前，即Were/Should/Had +主语+其他。例如：Were she not busy in writing a book, she would have gone to the park with her child.Had the policemen arrived immediately, the killer would have been caught.Should the dimensions of the room be smaller, there would not be enough space for the auxiliary equipment.Were I you, I would try it again. 用于形容词/名词/动词+as/though引导的让步状语从句。例如：Child as the little girl is, she knows several foreign languages.Exhausted though he was, there was no hope of his being able to sleep. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。例如：May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.May our country become prosperous and strong.2开首段的方法开首段是文章极其重要的一部分。好的开头既是作者思路的最佳起点，又是这一思路得以进一步拓展以完成总体构思的保证。一篇文章的开首段的重要性体现在三方面：一是抓住读者注意力，激发其阅读兴趣；二是运用恰当方式导入主旨，点出主题句；三是让读者明了文章主旨，大体了解文章论述模式。以下介绍几种行之有效的开首段方式： 叙事经历法； 细致描述法； 问题式开首法； 惊人式开首法； 引用式开首法； 校正式开首法； 定义式开首法； 铺垫式开首法。以问题式开首法为例，请阅读下边开首段：If a great failure occurs to you, what is your response? Anyway failure is an inevitable part of our life. Here are some tips for you to treat it in a proper way. After then, you can stand up from where you have fallen down.在段落开头之初提出问题，可引起读者的思考，抓住其注意力；同时可诱使读者深入文章，寻求解答。一般所提出的问题即是本文主旨或是对主旨的导入。这篇开首段就以第一个问句挑明文章主旨将是有关“如何应对失败”展开的。运用这种方法应注意所提问题的接受性与普遍性。作者应预料到或心目中明了读者会对此问题做出何种反应，从而为自己对所提问题的展开及深化做出正确的判断。三、重要考点1. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.第5页 共5页A. did the villagers realizeB. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realizeD. didnt the villagers realize2. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also3. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realized4. John won first prize in the contest. _.A. So he didB. So did heC. So he did, tooD. So did he, too5. Did you enjoy the trip? Im afraid not. And _.A. my classmates dont eitherB. my classmates dont tooC. neither do my classmatesD. neither did my classmates6. David has made great progress recently. _, and _.A. So he has; so you haveB. So he has; so have youC