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Chapter8HistoryofBritain ThebeginningofBritain TheEarlysettlers 55B C RomanBritain 55B C 410A D Anglo SaxonBritain 410 871 VikingBritain 871 1042 NormanConquest 1066 TheEarlySettlers 55B C 8 000yearsagoGreatBritainbecameanislandNativesofBritainIberians 3000BC 2000BC ThefirstsettlersofBritainfromtheMediterraneanarea StonehengeinSouthwestEnglandBuiltbetween3000BCand1000BCThemostfamousprehistoricmonumentandtouristattraction TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC tallandgolden hairedfromCentralEuropefarmerswarlikepeople RomanBritain 55B C 410 BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion Fornearly400years BritainwasundertheRomanoccupation thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation RomanInvasion RomanCivilization Themonth July isnamedafterJuliusCaesarhimself ChristianitytoBritain Extraordinaryachievementinbuildingroads AllRoadsLeadtoRome Hadrian sWall England sgreatwall 2000yearsago RomaninfluenceonBritainwaslimited First theRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass Second neverduringthe4centuriesdidtheRomansandBritonsintermarry Third theRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritons Anglo SaxonBritain 410 871 BasisofModernEnglishrace theAnglo SaxonsTheAngle Saxon andJutetribesinvadedin5thand6thcenturiesTheAnglo SaxonslefttheirhomeinnorthernGermanyandDenmark TheHeptarchy sevenprincipalkingdomsofKent Essex Sussex Wessex EastAnglia MerciaandNorthumbriacontendedforhegemony St Augustin ThefirstArchbishopofCanterburyin601 HebuilttheCanterburyCathedral HeintroducedChristianitytoEngland ThefounderoftheEnglishchurch KingArthurThebest knownEnglishlegendThe5thcenturyStoryKingArthurunitedtheBritish Hisfamous roundtable knights DrovetheSaxonsbackwithhismagicalsword AheroofBritish wholeadsthedefenseagainsttheAnglo Saxoninvadersintheearly6thcentury Viking 871 1042 Invasiontime Inthelate8thcentury FromDenmark Norsemen peoplefromtheNorth From1017to1041 EnglandwasruledbyDanishkings AlfredtheGreat ThekingofWessex ThefatherofBritishnavy Acapablemilitaryleaderandadministrator WestminsterAbbeyIn1042ByEdward KingofEngland afaithfulChristianOneoftheoldestbuildingsinLondonAlivingmonumenttoBritishhistoryAlmostallEnglishkingshavebeencrownedthere InfluencesoftheDanishInvasion ManyDanishwordsbecameapartoftheBritishvocabulary Suchas sky they their them bank gate guessetc BritishsystemofcountingwasadoptedfromtheDanes Like dozen penny foot ManynamesofEnglishtownsareborrowedfromtheDanes NormanConquestThelastforeigninvasioninEnglandThebest knowneventinEnglishhistoryDukeWilliamofNormandy fromnorthernFranceWilliamisoftenreferredtoasWilliamtheConqueror OnOctober14 1066WilliamandhisarmydefeatedtheEnglisharmyinthebattleofHastings WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey knownasWilliamIofEngland ThisinvasioniscalledNormanConquest InfluencesofNormanConquest Language FrenchreplacedEnglishasthelanguageoftherulingclasses TheperiodofMiddleEnglishbegan Architecture TheTowerofLondon Themostfamouscastle EnglandbecamealandofcastlesDoomsdayBook thebaseforfuturetaxation ausefulsourceofinformationforthemonarchs RobinHood England sbest lovedlegend HeroicSaxonnoblemenoppressedbytheNormans Merrymen robbedfromtherichtogivetothepoor BritishInvasionHistory PartIITheFeudalBritain 1066 1485 KeyPoints 1 CommonLaw2 TheMagnaCarta3 ThebeginningofParliament4 Thedeclineoffeudalism FeudalBritainNormanConquestmarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland1 AftertheNormanConquest feudalismwasestablishedinEngland 2 Thenobilitygraduallygainedpower 3 Statemechanismwasgraduallyestablishedsuchastheparliamentarysystemandthecommonlaw ThesuccessionofmonarchsKings WilliamI 1066 1154 grandson HenryII 1154 1189 son RichardI 1189 1199 brother KingJohn 1199 1216 son HenryIII 1216 1272 EdwardIII Achievements Normanconquest thecommonlaw crusades theMagnaCarta thebeginningofparliament theestablishmentofparliamentarysystem Thebeginningoftheparliament When 1264 Thenoblesdefeatedtheking Who SimondeMonfortVSHenryIII How SimondeMonfortmadechangesintheformationoftheGreatCouncil addedsomecommonersintothecouncil Significance laidthefoundationforthedevelopmentoftheEnglishparliament ThedeclineofFeudalismRoot thefoundationofthemanorsystemwasshakenSeveraleventsshookthefoundationofthefeudalsociety TheHundredYears WarTheBlackMouthTyler sRebellionTheWaroftheRoses TheHundredYears WarTime 1337 1453 Event AseriesofwarsbetweenEnglandandFrance Unexpectedbenefits TherulingNormansbegantoregardEnglandastheirhome Englishwasreestablishedastheofficiallanguage JoanofArc Afamouspeasantgirl UnderJoanofArc Frenchwonanumberofvictories RegardedasanationalFrenchheroine TheWaroftheRosesAseriesofcivilwarsbetweensupportersofLancasterandYork Thebadges aredroseVs awhiteone Reason In1455theDukeofYorktriedtodisplacetheLancasterking HenryVI Result In1485 HenryTudor asHenryVII foundedtheTudorMonarchy TheBeginningoftheModernWorldFromthe16thtothe20thcentury PartIIIHouseofTudor Keypoints TheEnclosureMovement GeographicalDiscovery TheRenaissance TheReformation HenryVIII BloodyMary TheElizabethanAge 1 TheEnclosureMovement Inthe16thcentury thedevelopmentoftextileindustrypushedupthepriceofwool Landlordsbegantoturnlargeareasofarablelandintosheepgrazingland 2 GeographicalDiscovery Why Ashortageofgold silvercausedbytheincreaseinproduction theexpansionoftradeinEurope When Inthe15thcentury How rushforgold rushforspice geographicaldiscovery Who Portugal Spanish Britain Britishexpansion In1497 JohnCabotsailedtoNew foundlandinNorthAmerica SirFrancisDrake thefirstEnglishmanwhosailedroundtheworld CharteredCompanies TheEastIndiaCompany 3 TheRenaissance When late14thC theearly16thC Where Italy therestofEurope What TherebirthofinterestinclassicculturesofancientGreeceandRomewhichwereneglectedbytheEuropeansintheMiddleAges Who manyliteraryfiguresWilliamShakespeareThomasMore EdmundSpencer FrancisBacon ChristopherMarlowe Whatdotheyhaveincommon praisedlifeandattackedfeudalcruelty ignoranceanddestructionofhumanrights promotededucationandreform voicedenduringideas 4 TheReformation When 1517 1646 Who MartinLuther Where WestEurope What AgreatrevolutionintheChristianchurch Results itendedthesupremepowerofthePopeoftheChristianchurch tworeligiouscampswereformed CatholicandProtestant TheEnglishReformation Who KingHenryVIII Why HenryVIII sdivorce Results Marriedsixtimes theKingdeclaredhimselfasthe supremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland thereligiousauthoritywastransferredsuccessfullyfromthePopetotheking BloodyMary Who MaryTudor asincereCatholic Why bloody shepersecutedtrueProtestantsandexecutedmorethan300people ElizabethI 1553 1603 ThelastTudormonarch TheGoldenAge TheEnglishnavydefeatedtheSpanishArmadain1588 TheflourishingofEnglishdrama PartIVHouseofStuart Keypoints TheDivinerightofKings CharlesI TheCivilWar Cromwell Restoration TheGloriousRevolution CharlesI 1625 1649 BeliefBelievedintheoldtheory DivinerightofKings Theking spowercamedirectlyfromGod notfromthepeople Dismissedparliamentfor11years TheCivilWar 1642 1649 Event CharlesIburstintotheHousesofParliamenttoarrestleadingmembersoftheParliament Between TheRoundheads supportersofParliament TheCavaliers supportersoftheKing ResultoftheCivilWar TheexecutionofCharlesI OliverCromwellformedrepublicanEngland theCommonwealthofEngland Englishmonarchywasabolished Restoration Who CharlesII When 1661 4 23 How politically restoretheoldsocialorder religiously reestablishedanewsystem economically establishedEnglishcoloniesinAmerica TheIndustrialRevolution 1780 1830 TheindustrialRevolutionreferstothemechanisationofindustryandtheconsequentchangesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies ConsequencesoftheindustrialRevolution 1Britainwasby1830the workshopoftheworld 2Townsgrewrapidlyandbecamethesourceofthenation swealth 3Mechanizationdestroyedthelivelihoodofthosewhocouldnotinvestinit Theworkingmenworkedandlivedinaappallingconditions 4Theindustrialrevolutioncreatedtheindustrialworkingclass theproletariat anditlaterledtotradeunionism TheG

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