高三英语第一轮复习时态语态(教师版).docx

高三英语第一轮复习- 语法专项 （时态、语态）【时态梳理】时态1： 一般现在时态1. I _leave_(leave) home for school at 7 every morning. 2. The book _belongs_(belong) to me. 3. Columbus proved that the earth _is_ (be) round.4. Unlessextramoney _is found_(find),thetheatrewillclose.5.Frank is leavingLondonbytrainwhich_leaves_(leave)at8:30nextmorning.6. Make sure all the windows _are closed_ (close) before you leave.用法：1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语： every., sometimes, at., on Sunday。 2） 现在的状态3） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实,格言，警句。4） 状语从句（时间，条件）一般主将从现5） 表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，比如时刻表。6） 在下列例句中，make sure that ; be sure; see (to it) that 从句（常用一般现在时态表示将来）时态2： 一般过去时态1. 1). I _saw_(see) him in the street the other day.2) -Haventseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?-I_went_(go)toNingxiaand_stayed_(stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.3). The year 2002_saw_ (see) remarkable changes in Shanghai. 4). The villagers here _(be) poor in the past. 2. Your phone number again? I_dinnt catch_(not catch) it. 3. I _wondered_(wonder) if you could do me a favor._Could_(can) you tell me where our new library will be built? 4. It is time you_went_ (go) to bed. 用法：1. 过去时态表示过去发生的动作或状态， 与现在没有联系。常见的与一般过去时连用的时间壮语： yesterday, last year, this morning, the other day, just now, two days ago, in 1990, in the past, etc.2. 说话前的想法3. 委婉客气的语气4. It;s time + that clause 时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词用动词的过去式(be用were)。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。时态3： 现在进行时态1. -Hi, lets go skating. - Sorry, Im busy right now. I _am filling_（fill） in an application form for a new job. He is writing a novel these days. 2. It _is getting_ (get) warmer and warmer.3. The moment _is coming_ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. 4. You _are_ always_changing_ (change) your mind. Would you please give me a definite answer?用法：1. 表示现在或目前一阶段正在进行的动作2. 表示不断变化和发展的过程， 一种趋势如：The sky is clearing. The weather is changing for the better.3. 表将来 必须是表示位移的动词4. 与always, constantly, continually, forever等连用表达某种情感色彩，如：不耐烦，不满意，或赞美，惊奇等时态4: 过去进行时态11). She _was phoning_ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 2). I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _was talking_ (talk) on the phone all the time. 3). -You havent said a word about the theme of the class meeting, David. Whats your idea?-Im so sorry I _was thinking_(think) about something else.2. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _was coming_(come) until yesterday. 用法：1. 表示过去某一个时刻，某一个阶段正在进行的动作。2. 用过去进行时态可以表示过去将来时态。时态5：一般将来时will do1.My grandmother is 93 years old. In two years she _will be_(be) 95.2. 1). I _will give_(give) you the book as soon as possible, I promise you.2). -Dont go there alone in such late hours. -Dont worry. I wont.3. -I dont know how to use the camera.-its quite easy. I _will show_( show)you. 4. The door _wont open_.(open)用法：1. 表示“将来的事实”，与安排，意愿无关。2. 表示“意愿 ” will 愿意；会 wont 不愿； 不会，不肯3.表示“临时的决定”，不是事先计划好，安排好的。4. wont do 表示事物固有的属性be going to do1. We _are going to have_(have) a meeting today.2. Look at the black clouds. It _is going to rain_. (rain)用法： 1. 打算， 根据目前的意愿将要做某事,在最近将要做某事注意与will do 的区别：We have sold our old car because were going to buy a new one.The telephone is ringing. Ill answer it. 2.根据迹象表明马上要发生Do用法： 时间表，时刻表，日程表，节目单，课程表等按规定将要发生的动作。The plane takes off at 15:00.be doing用法： 一些表示位移的动词用进行时表将来。常见动词：leave, come, go, arrive, move, take off, etc.一些表示开始、终结的动词：begin,start, close, end, open, etc.He is leaving for New York tomorrow.My teacher is coming to my help. He will be here soon.be to do 1. The Prime Minister_ is to visit_(visit) Japan next week.2.1). No one_ is to leave _(leave)this building without the permission of the police.2). You _are to blame_.(blame)3.If he_ is to succeed_(succeed), he must work hard. 用法： 1. 表示“根据事先制订的计划要做某事”；“正式的安排”The Prime Minister is to visit Japan next week.2.相当于must或should ,表示命令、指示。3. 用在if条件从句中，表示“如果要.,就必然要”be about to do 1.Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. The performance_ is about to start_.(start)2.They_ were about to start_(start) when it began to rain.用法： 1. 正要,马上要2. 句型 was/were about to dowhen.时态6：过去将来时态_They made up their mind that they_would buy_ a new house once Larry changed jobs. 用法：过去将来时态表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态时态 7：现在完成时态1.1). Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody_has seen _(see)themsince.2). Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_hasnt been cleaned_(not clean)forweeks. 2. 1). Ms Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she_ has been told_(tell) the cloth washes well.2). How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well, the media_have covered_(cover) it in a variety of forms. 3. It is the first time that I _have seen_ (see) such a wonderful building.用法：1. 现在完成时态表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常于for，since, so far, in the past of up to now, 等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。2. 用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。 3. 现在完成时态用于：It is / This is+ the first /the last / the only +名词+ （that）+现在完成时态时态8：现在完成进行时态1. Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we_have been trying_(try) tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.2. Do not disturb me. I _have been writing_(write) letters all morning and _have written_ (write) ten so far.用法：1. 现在完成时态表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束。用于强调动作的延续性。2. 未完成时态9：过去完成时态11). The twins, Who_had finished_ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.2). Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_had expected_(expect). 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison _had begun_ (begin) to make a living by himself. 3. He _had hardly reached_(hardly reach) home when it began to rain.4. I _had meant_(mean) to call him to say “happy Birthday” to him, but I was too busy and forgot it.用法：1. 过去完成时态表示动作发生在过去的过去2. 下列结构常用过去完成时态By / Towards / Before the end of + 过去时间At the time of +过去事件 + 句子用（过去完成时态）By + 过去时间By the time +句子（过去时态）3. Hardly/ Scarcely / Barely + 过去完成时态（倒装形式）+ when + 句子（过去时）No sooner +过去完成时态（倒装形式）+ when + 句子（过去时）4. 表示过去本打算做某事但并未做。常用的动词：think, intend, mean, hope, wish, expect, want, plan等。时态10：将来完成时By the end of next week, they _will have reached_ (reach) the destination. 用法将来完成时常有by, by then, before, within the next week等表将来时间的介词短语引导【语态梳理】1. 1). After the fire, very little _remained_ (remain) in my house.2). Your story _agreeed_(agree) with what had already been heard.3). What he told you yesterday _proved_(prove) true.2. The book written by Mo Yan _sells_ ( sell) well. 3. Mr. Ham felt he himself, rather than Alice and Lisa, _was to blame_(blame) for the coldness that had grown between them. 4. The book recommended by our teacher is worth _reading_ (read)5. The article is difficult _to understand_(understand). 6. The house needs _repairing_(repair). 用法：1. 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，无被动语态。例如：2. vi. + adv. ( well, easily)事物内在属性read, sell , wash, write, wearThe cloth washes/sells well.The poem reads smoothly.3. Be to 4. be + worth + doing5. +adj +to do6. ed, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如： The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。【综合时态练习】1. Youd better write down her phone number before you _forget_ (forget) it. 2. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _had seen_ (see) most of the guests before. 3. -Where_have_you _put_(put) therecorder? Icannotseeitanywhere.-I_ put_(put) itrighthere.Butnowitisgone!4. - Peter, do you know who_has taken_ (take) away my dictionary ? 5. I hear you_are working_(work) in a pub. whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. 6. We wont start the work until all the preparations _has been made_.(make)7. During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _had recommended_ (recommend). 8. The new Hukou policy, according to some experts _serves_ (serve) to attract more high-end talents to contribute to Shanghais development.9. Ms Chen_ had been teaching/ had taught/ has been teaching/has taught _ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present10. I was certain she would like it because I _ had been told/ was told_ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.11. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom, _ was changed_(change) to the library at the last minute.12. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ had broken _ (break) his finger.13. This is the first time we _have seen_(see) a film in the cinema together as a family. 14. What the teacher said _proved_(prove) to be true two weeks later.15. -You speak very good French!-Thanks. I _studied_(study) in Sichuan University for four years. 16. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldnt have been there if he _ had watched _ (watch) the weather forecast the day before.17. The last half of the nineteenth century _witnessed_ (witness) the steady improvement in the means of travel.18. A gentle wind _was blowing_ (blow) through the tree. In the distance, I _noticed_ (notice) a racing car moving across the dusty plain.19. According to a report from WHO, two million people worldwide _ are estimated _ ( estimate) to die from air pollution each year.20. Susan is on vacation in Florida, and she doesnt take much money with her. So by the end of her vacation, she _will have spent_ (spend) all her money.21. Sometimes giving a gift is better than spoken communications, since the message it _ offers _ (offer) can break through barriers of language.22. Why do you look worried? Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work _has been left_ (leave) unfinished since.23. A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need _making/ to be made_ .(make)24. You _ have been reading_ (read) the novel for almost five hours. Why not join us and have a cup of tea?25. John had to have his car repaired in the garage because it _had been damaged_ (damage) seriously.26. The first time we met in a caf, both of us felt immediately that we _had known_ (know) each other for years.27. A study of ancient writings and evidence _shows_ (show) that for the past 5000 years, cats have been kept as pets.28. If their marketing plans succeed, they _will increase_ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.29. Population experts predict that most people _will live_ (live) in cities in the near future.30. Oh, Its you! I _didnt recognize_(not recognize) you. You look so different. When did you lose your weight?31. At the current rate, four-fifths of the tremendous project _is expected_ (expect) to be finished by the end of this year.32. Will you attend the meeting this evening? But I _havent been told_ (not tell) anything about it.33. Cole Bettles _had been rejected_ (reject) by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month. 34. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the result will be if such a proposal _is accepted_. (accept)35. So far this year, no measures _have been taken_(take) against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.36. By the time the canal _was opened_/ opened_ (open) in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project had cost the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world.37. Alices computer _has gone_ (go) wrong though she used it only once. Youd better go and check it.38. No matter how good the finished product is, if its not correctly priced it _wont sell_(sell).39. Is Tom still smoking? No. By next Saturday he _will have gone_(go) for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.40. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _began_ (begin) to enjoy the advantage of this new technology.41. The old man isnt really employed at the supermarket. He _is helping_(help) out voluntarily until the new young assistant arrives.42. Flexible working time with emphasis on more efficiency _has been introduced_ (introduce) in some companies, and it is welcomed by most employees.43. Although he _stayed_(stay) in America for a long time, hes never regretted his making his mind to return to his own country.44. Im sorry. We dont have enough teaching materials to go around. I _didnt expect_ (not expect) so many people would attend the lecture.45. The number of deaths from smoking-related diseases will be reduced greatly if people _are persuaded_(persuade) to stop smoking at home and in public.46. According to Chinas Ministry of Health, HIV and AIDS cases in China _have risen_ (rise) by about 30% since 2005.47. Sally _was writing_ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.48. The crazy fans _had been waiting_ (wait) patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.49. Starting around 7,000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere _experienced_(experience) temperature warmer than at present.50. Shall we go to the park now? Not until I _have finished_ (finish) my physics exercises.【阅读语法】(1)Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children _1_ those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems_2_ doesnt really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is _3_ it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and _4_(hide) meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more_5_parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. _6_according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents educational background _7_(have)a stronger influence on a childs reading. “A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that its the other way around. “If youre smart young, youll watch lesTV when youre _8_(old),” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers _9_(attempt) to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects , 10_conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.1. from 2. It 3. that 4. Hidden 5. When/if 6. But 7. Have 8. Older 9. Have attempted 10. as(2)There _1_(be) an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but _2_(put) together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, _3_ on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.In colonies (群体) that _4_(range)in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is _5_ they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone_6_will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone _7_(warn) the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.In fact,_8_ it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony _9_ not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sac